Advanced Monolithic Systems, Inc. 6680B Sierra Lane, Dublin, CA 94568 Phone (925) 556-9090 Fax (925) 556-9140
Advanced
AMS1505
Monolithic
5A LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATORS
Systems
FEATURES
APPLICATIONS
Adjustable or Fixed Output
High Current Regulators
1.5V, 2.5V, 2.85V, 3.0V, 3.3V, 3.5V and 5.0V
Post Regulators for Switching Supplies
Output Current of 5A
Microprocessor Supply
Low Dropout, 500mV at 5A Output Current
Adjustable Power Supply
Fast Transient Response
Notebook/Personal Computer Supplies
Remote Sense
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The
The AMS1505 series of adjustable and fixed low dropout voltage regulators are designed to provide 5A output current to
power the new generation of microprocessors. The dropout voltage of the device is 100mV at light loads and rising to 500mV
at maximum output current. A second low current input voltage 1V or greater then the output voltage is required to achieve
this dropout. The AMS1505 can also be used as a single supply device.
New features have been added to the AMS1505: a remote Sense pin is brought out virtually eliminating output voltage
variations due to load changes. The typical load regulation, measured at the Sense pin, for a load current step of 100mA to 5A
is less than 1mV.
The AMS1505 series has fast transient response. The Adjust pin is brought out on fixed devices. To further improve the
transient response the addition of a small capacitor on the Adjust pin is recommended.
The AMS1505 series are ideal for generating processor supplies of 2V to 3V on motherboards where both 5V and 3.3V
supplies are available.
The AMS1505 devices are offered in 5 lead TO-220 and TO-263 (plastic DD) packages and in the 7 lead TO-220 package.
ORDERING INFORMATION:
PIN CONNECTIONS
PACKAGE TYPE
OPERATING JUNCTION
5 LEAD TO-263
5 LEAD TO-220
7 LEAD TO-220 TEMPERATURE RANGE
AMS1505CM
AMS1505CT
AMS1505CT-1.5
0 to 125
C
AMS1505CM-1.5 AMS1505CT-1.5
AMS1505CT-2.5
0 to 125
C
AMS1505CM-2.5 AMS1505CT-2.5
AMS1505CT-2.85
0 to 125
C
AMS1505CM-2.85 AMS1505CT-2.85 AMS1505CT-3.0
0 to 125
C
AMS1505CM-3.0 AMS1505CT-3.0
AMS1505CT-3.3
0 to 125
C
AMS1505CM-3.3 AMS1505CT-3.3
AMS1505CT-3.5
0 to 125
C
AMS1505CM-3.5 AMS1505CT-3.5
AMS1505CT-5.0
0 to 125
C
AMS1505CM-5.0 AMS1505CT-5.0
0 to 125
C
5
4
3
2
1
V
POWER
V
CONTROL
OUTPUT
ADJUST/GND
SENSE
FRONT VIEW
5 LEAD TO-220
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
NC
Vpower
ADJUST
OUTPUT
Vcontrol
GND
SENSE
7 LEAD TO-220
FRONT VIEW
5
4
3
2
1
Vpower
Vcontrol
OUTPUT
ADJUST/GND
SENSE
FRONT VIEW
5 LEAD TO-263
Advanced Monolithic Systems, Inc. 6680B Sierra Lane, Dublin, CA 94568 Phone (925) 556-9090 Fax (925) 556-9140
AMS1505
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
(Note 1)
V
POWER
Input Voltage
7V
Soldering information
V
CONTROL
Input Voltage
13V
Lead Temperature (10 sec)
300
C
Operating Junction Temperature Range
Thermal Resistance
Control Section
0
C to 125
C
TO-220 package
JA
= 50
C/W
Power Transistor
0
C to 150
C
TO-263 package
JA
= 30
C/W*
Storage temperature
- 65
C to +150
C
* With package soldering to 0.5in
2
copper area over backside ground
plane or internal power plane
JA
can vary from 20
C/W to
>
40
C/W
depending on mounting technique.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Electrical Characteristics at I
LOAD
= 0 mA, and T
J
= +25C unless otherwise specified.
Parameter
Device
Conditions
Min Typ Max
Units
Reference Voltage
AMS1505
V
CONTROL
= 2.75V, V
POWER
=2V, I
LOAD
= 10mA
V
CONTROL
= 2.7V to 12V, V
POWER
=3.3V to 5.5V,
I
LOAD
= 10mA to 5A
1.243
1.237
1.250
1.250
1.258
1.263
V
V
Output Voltage
AMS1505-1.5
V
CONTROL
= 4V, V
POWER
=2.V, I
LOAD
= 0mA
V
CONTROL
= 3V, V
POWER
=2.3V, I
LOAD
= 0mA to 5A
1.491
1.485
1.500
1.500
1.509
1.515
V
V
AMS1505-2.5
V
CONTROL
= 5V, V
POWER
=3.3V, I
LOAD
= 0mA
V
CONTROL
= 4V, V
POWER
=3.3V, I
LOAD
= 0mA to 5A
2.485
2.475
2.500
2.500
2.515
2.525
V
V
AMS1505-2.85
V
CONTROL
= 5.35V, V
POWER
=3.35V, I
LOAD
= 0mA
V
CONTROL
= 4.4V, V
POWER
=3.7V, I
LOAD
= 0mA to 5A
2.821
2.833
2.850
2.850
2.879
2.867
V
V
AMS1505-3.0
V
CONTROL
= 5.5V, V
POWER
=3.5V, I
LOAD
= 0mA
V
CONTROL
= 4.5V, V
POWER
=3.8V, I
LOAD
= 0mA to 5A
2.982
2.970
3.000
3.000
3.018
3.030
V
V
AMS1505-3.3
V
CONTROL
= 5.8V, V
POWER
=3.8V, I
LOAD
= 0mA
V
CONTROL
= 4.8V, V
POWER
=4.1V, I
LOAD
= 0mA to 5A
3.280
3.235
3.300
3.300
3.320
3.333
V
V
AMS1505-3.5
V
CONTROL
= 6V, V
POWER
=4V, I
LOAD
= 0mA
V
CONTROL
= 5V, V
POWER
=4.3V, I
LOAD
= 0mA to 5A
3.479
3.430
3.500
3.500
3.521
3.535
V
V
AMS1505-5.0
V
CONTROL
= 7.5V, V
POWER
=5.5V, I
LOAD
= 0mA
V
CONTROL
= 6.5V, V
POWER
=5.8V, I
LOAD
= 0mA to 5A
4.930
4.950
5.000
5.000
5.030
5.050
V
V
Line Regulation
AMS1505/-1.5/-2.5/
-2.85/-3.0/-3.3/-3.5/-5.0
I
LOAD
= 10 mA , 1.5V
(V
CONTROL
- V
OUT
)
12V
0.8V
(V
POWER
- V
OUT
)
5.5V
1
3
mV
Load Regulation
AMS1505/-1.5/-2.5/
-2.85/-3.0/-3.3/-3.5/-5.0
V
CONTROL
= V
OUT
+ 2.5V, V
POWER
=V
OUT
+ 0.8V,
I
LOAD
= 10mA to 5A
1
5
mV
Minimum Load
Current
AMS1505
V
CONTROL
= 5V, V
POWER
=3.3V, V
ADJ
= 0V (Note 3)
5
10
mA
Control Pin Current
(Note 4)
AMS1505/-1.5/-2.5/
-2.85/-3.0/-3.3/-3.5/-5.0
V
CONTROL
= V
OUT
+ 2.5V, V
POWER
=V
OUT
+ 0.8V,
I
LOAD
= 10mA to 5A
50
85
mA
Ground Pin Current
(Note 4)
AMS1505/-1.5/-2.5/
-2.85/-3.0/-3.3/-3.5/-5.0
V
CONTROL
= V
OUT
+ 2.5V, V
POWER
=V
OUT
+ 0.8V,
I
LOAD
= 10mA to 5A
6
10
mA
Adjust Pin Current
AMS1505
V
CONTROL
= 2.75V, V
POWER
= 2.05V, I
LOAD
= 10mA
50
120
A
Current Limit
AMS1505/-1.5/-2.5/
-2.85/-3.0/-3.3/-3.5/-5.0
(V
IN
- V
OUT
) = 5V
7.1
8.0
A
Ripple Rejection
AMS1505/-1.5/-2.5/
-2.85/-3.0/-3.3/-3.5/-5.0
V
CONTROL
= V
POWER
= V
OUT
+ 2.5V, V
RIPPLE
= 1V
P-P
I
LOAD
= 2A
60
80
dB
Thermal Regulation
AMS1505
T
A
= 25C, 30ms pulse
0.002
0.020
%W
Thermal Resistance
Junction-to-Case
T Package: Control Circuitry/ Power Transistor
M Package: Control Circuitry/ Power Transistor
0.65/2.70
0.65/2.70
C/W
C/W
Advanced Monolithic Systems, Inc. 6680B Sierra Lane, Dublin, CA 94568 Phone (925) 556-9090 Fax (925) 556-9140
AMS1505
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Electrical Characteristics at I
OUT
= 0 mA, and T
J
= +25C unless otherwise specified.
Parameter
Device
Conditions
Min Typ Max
Units
Dropout Voltage
Note 2
Control Dropout
(V
CONTROL
- V
OUT
)
AMS1505/-1.5/-2.5/
-2.85/-3.0/-3.3/-3.5/-5.0
V
POWER
=V
OUT
+ 0.8V, I
LOAD
= 10mA
V
POWER
=V
OUT
+ 0.8V, I
LOAD
= 5A
1.00
1.15
1.15
1.30
V
V
Power Dropout
(V
POWER
- V
OUT
)
AMS1505/-1.5/-2.5/
-2.85/-3.0/-3.3/-3.5/-5.0
V
CONTROL
=V
OUT
+ 2.5V, I
LOAD
= 10mA
V
CONTROL
=V
OUT
+ 2.5V, I
LOAD
= 5A
.10
.45
0.17
0.50
V
V
Parameters identified with boldface type apply over the full operating temperature range.
Note 1:
Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. For guaranteed specifications and test conditions, see the
Electrical Characteristics
.
The guaranteed specifications apply only for the test conditions listed.
Note 2:
Unless otherwise specified V
OUT
= V
SENSE
. For the adjustable device V
ADJ
= 0V.
Note 3:
The dropout voltage for the AMS1505 is caused by either minimum control voltage or minimum power voltage. The specifications represent the minimum
input/output voltage required to maintain 1% regulation.
Note 4:
For the adjustable device the minimum load current is the minimum current required to maintain regulation. Normally the current in the resistor divider
used to set the output voltage is selected to meet the minimum load current requirement.
Note 5:
The control pin current is the drive current required for the output transistor. This current will track output current with a ratio of about 1:100. The
minimum value is equal to the quiescent current of the device.
PIN FUNCTIONS
Sense (Pin 1): This pin is the positive side of the
reference voltage for the device. With this pin it is
possible to Kelvin sense the output voltage at the load.
Adjust (Pin 2/5): This pin is the negative side of the
reference voltage for the device. Adding a small bypass
capacitor from the Adjust pin to ground improves the
transient response. For fixed voltage devices the Adjust
pin is also brought out to allow the user to add a bypass
capacitor.
GND (Pin 2, 7-Lead only): For fixed voltage devices this
is the bottom of the resistor divider that sets the output
voltage.
V
POWER
(Pin 5/6): This pin is the collector to the power
device of the AMS1505. The output load current is
supplied through this pin. The voltage at this pin must
be between 0.1V and 0.8V greater than the output
voltage for the device to regulate.
V
CONTROL
(Pin 4/3): This pin is the supply pin for the
control circuitry of the device. The current flow into
this pin will be about 1% of the output current. The
voltage at this pin must be 1.3V or greater than the
output voltage for the device to regulate.
Output (Pin 3/4): This is the power output of the
device.
Advanced Monolithic Systems, Inc. 6680B Sierra Lane, Dublin, CA 94568 Phone (925) 556-9090 Fax (925) 556-9140
AMS1505
APPLICATION HINTS
The AMS1505 series of adjustable and fixed regulators are
designed to power the new generation of microprocessors. The
AMS1505 is designed to make use of multiple power supplies,
existing in most systems, to reduce the dropout voltage. One of
the advantages of the two supply approach is maximizing the
efficiency.
The second supply is at least 1V greater than output voltage and
is providing the power for the control circuitry and supplies the
drive current to the NPN output transistor. This allows the NPN
to be driven into saturation; thereby reducing the dropout voltage
by a VBE compared to conventional designs. For the control
voltage the current requirement is small equal to about 1% of the
output current or approximately 50mA for a 5A load. Most of this
current is drive current for the NPN output transistor. This drive
current becomes part of the output current. The maximum voltage
on the Control pin is 13V. The maximum voltage at the Power
pin is 7V. Ground pin current for fixed voltage devices is typical
6mA and is constant as a function of load. Adjust pin current for
adjustable devices is 60
A at 25
C and varies proportional to
absolute temperature.
The improved frequency compensation of AMS1505 permits the
use of capacitors with very low ESR. This is critical in addressing
the needs of modern, low voltage high sped microprocessors. The
new generation of microprocessors cycle load current from several
hundred mA to several A in tens of nanoseconds. Output voltage
tolerances are tighter and include transient response as part of the
specification. Designed to meet the fast current load step
requirements of these microprocessors, the AMS1505 also saves
total cost by needing less output capacitance to maintain
regulation.
Careful design of the AMS1505 has eliminated any supply
sequencing issues associated with a dual supply system. The
output voltage will not turn on until both supplies are operating.
If the control voltage comes up first, the output current will be
limited to a few milliamperes until the power input voltage comes
up. If power input comes up first the output will not turn on at all
until the control voltage comes up. The output can never come up
unregulated. By tying the control and power inputs together the
AMS1505 can also be operated as a single supply device. In
single supply operation the dropout will be determined by the
minimum control voltage.
The new features of the AMS1505 require additional pins over
the traditional 3-terminal regulator. Both the fixed and adjustable
versions have remote sense pins, permitting very accurate
regulation of output voltage at the load, rather than at the
regulator. As a result, over an output current range of 100mA to
5A with a 2.5V output, the typical load regulation is less than
1mV. For the fixed voltages the adjust pin is brought out allowing
the user to improve transient response by bypassing the internal
resistor divider. Optimum transient response is provided using a
capacitor in the range of 0.1
F to 1
F for bypassing the Adjust
pin. The value chosen will depend on the amount of output
capacitance in the system.
In addition to the enhancements mentioned, the reference
accuracy has been improved by a factor of two with a guaranteed
initial tolerance of
0.6% at 25
C. This device can hold 1%
accuracy over the full temperature range and load current range,
guaranteed, when combined with ratiometrically accurate internal
divider resistors and operating with an input/output differential of
well under 1V.
Typical applications for the AMS1505 include 3.3V to 2.5V
conversion with a 5V control supply, 5V to 4.2V conversion with
a 12V control supply or 5V to 3.6V conversion with a 12V
control supply. Capable of 5A of output current with a maximum
dropout of 0.8V the AMS1505 also has a fast transient response
that allows it to handle large current changes associated with the
new generation of microprocessors. The device is fully protected
against overcurrent and overtemperature conditions.
Grounding and Output Sensing
The AMS1505 allows true Kelvin sensing for both the high and
low side of the load. As a result the voltage regulation at he load
can be easily optimized. Voltage drops due to parasitic
resistances between the regulator and the load can be placed
inside the regulation loop of the AMS1505. The advantages of
remote sensing are illustrated in figures 1 through 3.
Figure 1 shows the device connected as a conventional 3 terminal
regulator with the Sense lead connected directly to the output of
the device. R
P
is the parasitic resistance of the connections
between the device and the load. Typically the load is a
microprocessor and R
P
is made up of the PC traces and /or
connector resistances (in the case of a modular regulator)
between the regulator and the processor. Trace A of figure 3
illustrates the effect of RP. Very small resistances cause
significant load regulation steps.
Figure 2 shows the device connected to take advantage of the
remote sense feature. The Sense pin and the top of the resistor
divider are connected to the top of the load; the bottom of the
resistor divider is connected to the bottom of the load. R
P
is now
connected inside the regulation loop of the AMS1505 and for
reasonable values of R
P
the load regulation at the load will be
negligible. The effect on output regulation can be seen in trace B
of figure 3.
CONTROL
POWER SENSE
AMS1505
OUTPUT
ADJ
LOAD
+
-
V
OUT
R
P
R
P
R1
R2
5V
3.3V
Figure 1. Conventional Load Sensing
Advanced Monolithic Systems, Inc. 6680B Sierra Lane, Dublin, CA 94568 Phone (925) 556-9090 Fax (925) 556-9140
AMS1505
APPLICATION HINTS
CONTROL
POWER SENSE
AMS1505
OUTPUT
ADJ
LOAD
+
-
V
OUT
R
P
R
P
R1
R2
5V
3.3V
Figure 2. Remote Load Sensing
(
I
OUT
)(R
P
)
TIME
V
OUT
FIGURE 1
V
OUT
FIGURE 2
I
OUT
Figure 3. Remote Sensing Improves Load Regulation
Voltage drops due to R
P
are not eliminated; they will add to the
dropout voltage of the regulator regardless of whether they are
inside or outside the regulation loop. The AMS1505 can control
the voltage at the load as long as the input-output voltage is
greater than the total of the dropout voltage of the device plus the
voltage drop across R
P
.
Stability
The circuit design used in the AMS1505 series requires the use of
an output capacitor as part of the device frequency compensation.
The addition of
150
F aluminum electrolytic or a 22
F solid
tantalum on the output will ensure stability for all operating
conditions. For best frequency response use capacitors with an
ESR of less than 1
.
In order to meet the transient requirements of the processor larger
value capacitors are needed. Tight voltage tolerances are required
in the power supply. To limit the high frequency noise generated
by the processor high quality bypass capacitors must be used. In
order to limit parasitic inductance (ESL) and resistance (ESR) in
the capacitors to acceptable limits, multiple small ceramic
capacitors in addition to high quality solid tantalum capacitors are
required.
When the adjustment terminal is bypassed to improve the ripple
rejection, the requirement for an output capacitor increases. The
Adjust pin is brought out on the fixed voltage device specifically
to allow this capability. To ensure good transient response with
heavy load current changes capacitor values on the order of
100
F are used in the output of many regulators. To further
improve stability and transient response of these devices larger
values of output capacitor can be used.
The modern processors generate large high frequency current
transients. The load current step contains higher order frequency
components than the output coupling network must handle until
the regulator throttles to the load current level. Because they
contain parasitic resistance and inductance, capacitors are not
ideal elements. These parasitic elements dominate the change in
output voltage at the beginning of a transient load step change.
The ESR of the output capacitors produces an instantaneous step
in output voltage (
V=
I)(ESR). The ESL of the output
capacitors produces a droop proportional to the rate of change of
the output current (V= L)(
I/
t). The output capacitance
produces a change in output voltage proportional to the time until
the regulator can respond (
V=
t) (
I/C). Figure 4 illustrates
these transient effects.
CAPACITANCE
EFFECTS
ESR
EFFECTS
ESL
EFFECTS
POINT AT WHICH REGULATOR
TAKES CONTROL
SLOPE, V/t =
I/C
Figure 4.
Output Voltage
The AMS1505 series develops a 1.25V reference voltage
between the Sense pin and the Adjust pin (Figure5). Placing a
resistor between these two terminals causes a constant current to
flow through R1 and down through R2 to set the overall output
voltage. In general R1 is chosen so that this current is the
specified minimum load current of 10mA.The current out of the
Adjust pin is small, typically 50
A and it adds to the current
from R1. Because I
ADJ
is very small it needs to be considered
only when very precise output voltage setting is required. For
best regulation the top of the resistor divider should be connected
directly to the Sense pin.
CONTROL
POWER OUTPUT
AMS1505
SENSE
ADJ
R1
R2
V
OUT
V
REF
V
POWER
I
ADJ
50
A
+
+
+
V
CONTROL
V
OUT
= V
REF
(
1+ R2/R1)+I
ADJ
R2
Figure 5. Setting Output Voltage
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