APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION TELEPHONE (520) 690-8600 FAX (520) 888-3329 ORDERS (520) 690-8601 EMAIL prodlit@apexmicrotech.com
1
FEATURES
RoHS COMPLIANT
MONOLITHIC MOS TECHNOLOGY
LOW COST
HIGH VOLTAGE OPERATION--350V
LOW QUIESCENT CURRENT TYP.--2.2mA
NO SECOND BREAKDOWN
HIGH OUTPUT CURRENT--120mA PEAK
AVAILABLE IN DIE FORM--CPA241
APPLICATIONS
PIEZO ELECTRIC POSITIONING
ELECTROSTATIC TRANSDUCER & DEFLECTION
DEFORMABLE MIRROR FOCUSING
BIOCHEMISTRY STIMULATORS
COMPUTER TO VACUUM TUBE INTERFACE
DESCRIPTION
The PA241 is a high voltage monolithic MOSFET operational
amplifier which achieves performance features previously
found only in hybrid designs while increasing reliability. Inputs
are protected from excessive common mode and differential
mode voltages. The safe operating area (SOA) has no second
breakdown limitation and can be observed with all type loads
by choosing an appropriate current limiting resistor. External
compensation provides the user flexibility in choosing optimum
gain and bandwidth for the application.
The PA241CE is packaged in a hermetically sealed 8-pin
TO-3 package. The metal case of the PA241CE is isolated in
excess of full supply voltage.
The PA241DF is packaged in a 24 pin PSOP (JEDEC MO-
166) package. The metal heat slug of the PA241DF is isolated
in excess of full supply voltage.
The PA241DW is packaged in Apex's hermetic ceramic SIP
package. The alumina ceramic isolates the die in excess of
full supply voltage.
EQUIVALENT SCHEMATIC
LOW COST 660V p-p
PIEZO DRIVE
Two PA241 amplifiers operated as a bridge driver for a piezo
transducer provides a low cost 660 volt total drive capability.
The R
N
C
N
network serves to raise the apparent gain of A2 at
high frequencies. If R
N
is set equal to R the amplifiers can be
compensated identically and will have matching bandwidths.
EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS
R
CL
1
4
5
6
7
3
2
8
9 10
C
C
+IN
-IN
NC NC -V
S
+V
S
I
LIM
C
C
2 C
C
1 OUT
PA241DW
R
CL
TOP VIEW
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
OUT
I
LIM
V
S
+V
S
C
C
1
IN
+IN
C
C
2
C
C
NOTE: PA241CE Recommended mounting torque is 4-7
inlbs (.45 -.79 Nm)
CAUTION: The use of compressible, thermally conductive
insulators may void warranty.
PA241CE
8-PIN TO-3
24-PIN PSOP
10-PIN SIP
PACKAGE STYLE CE
PACKAGE STYLE DF
PACKAGE STYLE DW
I
LIM
OUT
-IN
+IN
+V
S
-V
S
C
C
2
C
C
1
TYPICAL APPLICATION
Ref: APPLICATION NOTE 20: "Bridge Mode Operation of Power Amplifiers"
C
C
R
CL
NC
NC
NC
NC
-IN
NC
+IN
NC
NC
NC
NC
-VS
NC
NC
NC
OUT
NC
COMP
NC
COMP
NC
ILIM
NC
+VS
24
1
+
-
PA241DF
For CC values, see graph on page 4.
Note: CC must be rated for full supply
voltage.
APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 5980 NORTH SHANNON ROAD TUCSON, ARIZONA 85741 USA APPLICATIONS HOTLINE: 1 (800) 546-2739
2
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
SPECIFICATIONS
PA241
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
PA241CE
PA241DF
PA241CEA
PA241DFA
SUPPLY VOLTAGE, +V
S
to V
S
350V
350V
OUTPUT CURRENT, continuous within SOA
60 mA
60 mA
OUTPUT CURRENT, peak
120 mA
120 mA
POWER DISSIPATION, continuous @ T
C
= 25C
12W
12W
INPUT VOLTAGE, differential
16 V
16 V
INPUT VOLTAGE, common mode
V
S
V
S
TEMPERATURE, pin solder 10 sec
300C
220C
TEMPERATURE, junction
2
150C
150C
TEMPERATURE, storage
65 to +150C
65 to +150C
TEMPERATURE RANGE, powered (case)
40 to +125C
40 to +125C
CAUTION
The PA241 is constructed from MOSFET transistors. ESD handling procedures must be observed.
PA241CE, PA241DF
PA241CEA
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
1
MIN
TYP
MAX
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
INPUT
OFFSET VOLTAGE, initial
25
40
15
30
mV
OFFSET VOLTAGE, vs. temperature
3
Full temperature range
100
500
*
*
V/C
OFFSET VOLTAGE, vs supply
3
*
V/V
OFFSET VOLTAGE, vs time
70
130
*
*
V/kh
BIAS CURRENT, initial
6
5/50
50/200
*
*
pA
BIAS CURRENT, vs supply
0.2/2
*
pA/V
OFFSET CURRENT, initial
6
2.5/50
50/200
*
*
pA
INPUT IMPEDANCE, DC
10
11
*
INPUT CAPACITANCE
6
*
pF
COMMON MODE, voltage range
+V
S
14
*
V
COMMON MODE, voltage range
-V
S
+12
*
V
COMMON MODE REJECTION, DC
V
CM
= 90V DC
84
94
*
*
dB
NOISE, broad band
10kHz BW, R
S
= 1K
50
*
V RMS
NOISE, low frequency
1-10 Hz
125
*
V p-p
GAIN
OPEN LOOP at 15Hz
R
L
=
5K
90
96
*
*
dB
BANDWIDTH, gain bandwidth product
3
*
MHz
POWER BANDWIDTH
280V p-p
30
*
kHz
OUTPUT
VOLTAGE SWING
I
O
= 40mA
V
S
12
V
S
10
V
S
10
V
S
8.5
V
CURRENT, peak
4
120
*
mA
CURRENT, continuous
60
*
mA
SETTLING TIME to .1%
10V step, A
V
= 10
2
*
s
SLEW RATE
C
C
= 3.3pF
30
*
V/s
RESISTANCE
5
, 1mA
R
CL
=
0
150
*
RESISTANCE
5
, 40 mA
R
CL
= 0
5
*
POWER SUPPLY
VOLTAGE
50
150
175
*
*
*
V
CURRENT, quiescent
2.2
2.5
*
2.3
mA
THERMAL
PA241CE
RESISTANCE, AC junction to case F > 60Hz
5.4
6.5
*
*
C/W
PA241DF RESISTANCE, AC junction to case F > 60Hz
6
7
*
*
C/W
PA241CE RESISTANCE, DC junction to case F < 60Hz
9
10.4
*
*
C/W
PA241DF RESISTANCE, DC junction to case F < 60Hz
9
11
*
*
C/W
PA241CE RESISTANCE, junction to air
Full temperature range
30
*
C/W
PA241DF RESISTANCE, junction to air
7
Full temperature range
25
*
C/W
TEMPERATURE RANGE, case
Meets full range spec's
25
+85
*
*
C
SPECIFICATIONS
NOTES: *
"A" specification is the same as the non "A" specification.
1.
Unless otherwise noted T
C
= 25C, C
C
= 6.8pF. DC input specifications are value given. Power supply voltage is typical
rating.
2.
Long term operation at the maximum junction temperature will result in reduced product life. Derate internal power dissipation
to achieve high MTTF. For guidance, refer to heatsink data sheet.
3.
Sample tested by wafer to 95%.
4.
Guaranteed but not tested.
5.
The selected value of R
CL
must be added to the values given for total output resistance.
6.
Specifications separated by / indicate values for the PA241CE and PA241DF respectively.
7.
Rating applies with solder connection of heatslug to a minimum 1 square inch foil area of the printed circuit board.
APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION TELEPHONE (520) 690-8600 FAX (520) 888-3329 ORDERS (520) 690-8601 EMAIL prodlit@apexmicrotech.com
3
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
SPECIFICATIONS
PA241
CAUTION
The PA241 is constructed from MOSFET transistors. ESD handling procedures must be observed.
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
PA241DW
PA241DWA
SUPPLY VOLTAGE, +V
S
to V
S
350V
OUTPUT CURRENT, continuous within SOA
60 mA
OUTPUT CURRENT, peak
120 mA
POWER DISSIPATION, continuous @ T
C
= 25C
9W
INPUT VOLTAGE, differential
16 V
INPUT VOLTAGE, common mode
V
S
TEMPERATURE, pin solder 10 sec
220C
TEMPERATURE, junction
2
150C
TEMPERATURE, storage
65 to +150C
TEMPERATURE RANGE, powered (case)
40 to +125C
PA241DW
PA241DWA
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
1
MIN
TYP
MAX
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
INPUT
OFFSET VOLTAGE, initial
25
40
15
30
mV
OFFSET VOLTAGE, vs. temperature
3
Full temperature range
100
500
*
*
V/C
OFFSET VOLTAGE, vs supply
3
*
V/V
OFFSET VOLTAGE, vs time
70
130
*
V/kh
BIAS CURRENT, initial
100
2000
*
*
pA
BIAS CURRENT, vs supply
15
50
*
*
pA/V
OFFSET CURRENT, initial
100
400
*
*
pA
INPUT IMPEDANCE, DC
10
11
*
INPUT CAPACITANCE
6
*
pF
COMMON MODE, voltage range
+V
S
14
*
V
COMMON MODE, voltage range
-V
S
+12
*
V
COMMON MODE REJECTION, DC
V
CM
= 90V DC
84
94
*
*
dB
NOISE, broad band
10kHz BW, R
S
= 1K
50
*
V RMS
NOISE, low frequency
1-10 Hz
125
*
V p-p
GAIN
OPEN LOOP at 15Hz
R
L
=
5K
90
96
*
*
dB
BANDWIDTH, gain bandwidth product
3
*
MHz
POWER BANDWIDTH
280V p-p
30
*
kHz
OUTPUT
VOLTAGE SWING
I
O
= 40mA
V
S
12
V
S
10
V
S
10
V
S
8.5
V
CURRENT, peak
4
120
*
mA
CURRENT, continuous
60
*
mA
SETTLING TIME to .1%
10V step, A
V
= 10
2
*
s
SLEW RATE
C
C
= 3.3pF
30
*
V/s
RESISTANCE
5
, 1mA
R
CL
=
0
150
*
RESISTANCE
5
, 40 mA
R
CL
= 0
5
*
POWER SUPPLY
VOLTAGE
50
150
175
*
*
*
V
CURRENT, quiescent
2.2
2.5
*
2.3
mA
THERMAL
PA241DW RESISTANCE, AC junction to case F > 60Hz
7
10
*
*
C/W
PA241DW RESISTANCE, DC junction to case F < 60Hz
12
14
*
*
C/W
PA241DW RESISTANCE, junction to air
Full temperature range
55
*
C/W
TEMPERATURE RANGE, case
Meets full range spec's
25
+85
*
*
C
SPECIFICATIONS
NOTES: *
"A" specification is the same as the non "A" specification.
1.
Unless otherwise noted T
C
= 25C, C
C
= 6.8pF. DC input specifications are value given. Power supply voltage is typical
rating.
2.
Long term operation at the maximum junction temperature will result in reduced product life. Derate internal power dissipation
to achieve high MTTF. For guidance, refer to heatsink data sheet.
3.
Sample tested by wafer to 95%.
4.
Guaranteed but not tested.
5.
The selected value of R
CL
must be added to the values given for total output resistance.
APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 5980 NORTH SHANNON ROAD TUCSON, ARIZONA 85741 USA APPLICATIONS HOTLINE: 1 (800) 546-2739
4
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE
GRAPHS
PA241
APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION TELEPHONE (520) 690-8600 FAX (520) 888-3329 ORDERS (520) 690-8601 EMAIL prodlit@apexmicrotech.com
5
OPERATING
CONSIDERATIONS
PA241
GENERAL
Please read Application Note 1 "General Operating Consid-
erations" which covers stability, power supplies, heat sinking,
mounting, current limit, SOA interpretation, and specification
interpretation. Visit www.apexmicrotech.com for design tools
that help automate tasks such as calculations for stability,
internal power dissipation, current limit, heat sink selection,
Apex's complete Application Notes library, Technical Seminar
Workbook and Evaluation Kits.
PHASE COMPENSATION
Open loop gain and phase shift both increase with increas-
ing temperature. The PHASE COMPENSATION typical graph
shows closed loop gain and phase compensation capacitor
value relationships for four case temperatures. The curves
are based on achieving a phase margin of 50. Calculate
the highest case temperature for the application (maximum
ambient temperature and highest internal power dissipation)
before choosing the compensation. Keep in mind that when
working with small values of compensation, parasitics may
play a large role in performance of the finished circuit. The
compensation capacitor must be rated for at least the total
voltage applied to the amplifier and should be a temperature
stable type such as NPO or COG.
OTHER STABILITY CONCERNS
There are two important concepts about closed loop gain
when choosing compensation. They stem from the fact that
while "gain" is the most commonly used term,
(the feedback
factor) is really what counts when designing for stability.
1. Gain must be calculated as a non-inverting circuit (equal
input and feedback resistors can provide a signal gain of
-1, but for calculating offset errors, noise, and stability, this
is a gain of 2).
2. Including a feedback capacitor changes the feedback factor
or gain of the circuit. Consider Rin=4.7k, Rf=47k for a gain
of 11. Compensation of 4.7 to 6.8pF would be reasonable.
Adding 33pF parallel to the 47k rolls off the circuit at 103kHz,
and at 2MHz has reduced gain from 11 to roughly 1.5 and
the circuit is likely to oscillate.
As a general rule the DC summing junction impedance
(parallel combination of the feedback resistor and all input
resistors) should be limited to 5k ohms or less. The amplifier
input capacitance of about 6pF, plus capacitance of connecting
traces or wires and (if used) a socket will cause undesirable
circuit performance and even oscillation if these resistances
are too high. In circuits requiring high resistances, measure or
estimate the total sum point capacitance, multiply by Rin/Rf, and
parallel Rf with this value. Capacitors included for this purpose
are usually in the single digit pF range. This technique results
in equal feedback factor calculations for AC and DC cases. It
does not produce a roll off, but merely keeps
constant over
a wide frequency range. Paragraph 6 of Application Note 19
details suitable stability tests for the finished circuit.
CURRENT LIMIT
For proper operation, the current limit resistor, Rcl, must be
connected as shown in the external connection diagram. The
minimum value is 3.9 ohms, however for optimum reliability,
the resistor should be set as high as possible. The maximum
practical value is 110 ohms. Current limit values can be pre-
dicted as follows:
Ilimit = Vbe
Rcl
Where Vbe is shown in the CURRENT LIMIT typical
graph.
Note that +Vbe should be used to predict current through
the +Vs pin, -Vbe for current through the -Vs pin, and that they
vary with case temperature. Value of the current limit resistor
at a case temperature of 25 can be estimated as follows:
Rcl = 0.7
Ilimit
When the amplifier is current limiting, there may be spurious
oscillation present during the current limited portion of the nega-
tive half cycle. The frequency of the oscillation is not predictable
and depends on the compensation, gain of the amplifier, value
of the current limit resistor, and the load. The oscillation will
cease as the amplifier comes out of current limit.
SAFE OPERATING AREA
The MOSFET output stage of the PA241 is not limited by
second breakdown considerations as in bipolar output stages.
However there are still three distinct limitations:
1. Voltage withstand capability of the transistors.
2. Current handling capability of the die metalization.
3. Temperature of the output MOSFETS.
These limitations can be seen in the SOA (see Safe Operat-
ing Area graphs). Note that each pulse capability line shows
a constant power level (unlike second breakdown limitations
where power varies with voltage stress). These lines are shown
for a case temperature of 25C and correspond to thermal
resistances of 5.2C/W for the PA241CE and DF and 10.4C/W
for the PA241DW respectively. Pulse stress levels for other
case temperatures can be calculated in the same manner as
DC power levels at different temperatures. The output stage
is protected against transient flyback by the parasitic diodes of
the output stage MOSFET structure. However, for protection
against sustained high energy flyback external fast-recovery
diodes must be used.
HEATSINKING
The PA241DF package has a large exposed integrated
copper heatslug to which the monolithic amplifier is directly
attached. The solder connection of the heatslug to a minimum
of 1 square inch foil area on the printed circuit board will result
in thermal performance of 25C/W junction to air rating of
the PA241DF. Solder connection to an area of 1 to 2 square
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