APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION TELEPHONE (520) 690-8600 FAX (520) 888-3329 ORDERS (520) 690-8601 EMAIL prodlit@apexmicrotech.com
FEATURES
SINGLE SUPPLY OPERATION
WIDE SUPPLY RANGE -- 16-100V
20A CONTINUOUS OUTPUT
PROGRAMMABLE CURRENT LIMIT
SHUTDOWN CONTROL
HERMETIC PACKAGE
2 IN
2
FOOTPRINT
APPLICATIONS
BRUSH TYPE MOTOR CONTROL
PELTIER CONTROL
REACTIVE LOADS
MAGNETIC COILS (MRI)
ACTIVE MAGNETIC BEARING
VIBRATION CANCELLING
DESCRIPTION
The SA01 amplifier is a pulse width modulation amplifier that
can supply 2KW to the load. The full bridge output amplifier can
be operated from a single power supply over a wide range of
voltages. An error amplifier is included which can provide gain
for the velocity control loop in brush type motor control appli-
cations. Current limit is programmable by a single resistor. A
shutdown input turns off all four drivers of the H bridge output.
A precision reference output is provided for use in offsetting
the error amplifier. The error amplifier can then be scaled for
standard input signals. The amplifier is protected from shorts
to supply or ground. The H bridge output MOSFETs are
protected from thermal overloads by directly sensing the
temperature of the die. The 10-pin hermetic power package
occupies only 2 square inches of board space and is isolated.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
TYPICAL APPLICATION
ERROR
AMP
PWM
SUP/
REF
OUTPUT
DRIVERS
CURRENT
LIMIT
AND
SHUTDOWN
CONTROL
3
1
2
4
7
9
6
8
10
+V
S
B OUT
A OUT
I
SENSE
SHDN/
FILTER
5
7.5V REF OUT
EA OUT
IN
+IN
GND
AS EA OUT (3) GOES MORE POSITIVE, HIGH STATE OF A OUT (6)
INCREASES AND HIGH STATE OF B OUT (9) DECREASES.
IN
+IN
EA OUT
GND
REF
SHDN/
FILTER
B OUT
I
SENSE
+V
S
A OUT
1
2
3
4
5
10
9
8
7
6
+
R
LIMIT
=
.2
I
LIMIT
R
LIMIT
R
FILTER
C
FILTER
TOP
VIEW
.1F
C1
EXTERNALCONNECTIONS
Package: PD10/60S
EA
PWM
+V
S
EA
OUT
IN
7.5V
REF
+IN
M
T
GND
SHDN/
FILTER
I
SENSE
R
LIMIT
R
FILTER
C
FILTER
A
OUT
B
OUT
SA01
1
5
2
3
7
6
9
4
8
10
+V
IN
SHUT
DOWN
C1
.1F
Motor Driver With Tach Feedback
H T T P : / / W W W . A P E X M I C R O T E C H . C O M ( 8 0 0 ) 5 4 6 - A P E X ( 8 0 0 ) 5 4 6 - 2 7 3 9
M I C R O T E C H N O L O G Y
PULSE WIDTH MODULATION AMPLIFIER
SA01
SA01
USA
BeO
TE949311
APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 5980 NORTH SHANNON ROAD TUCSON, ARIZONA 85741 USA APPLICATIONS HOTLINE: 1 (800) 546-2739
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
SPECIFICATIONS
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
SUPPLY VOLTAGE, +V
S
100V
OUTPUT CURRENT, peak
30A
POWER DISSIPATION, internal
185W
1
TEMPERATURE, pin solder - 10s
300
C
TEMPERATURE, junction
2
150
C
TEMPERATURE, storage
65 to +150
C
OPERATING TEMPERATURE RANGE, case
55 to +125
C
SHUTDOWN VOLTAGE
10V
REFERENCE LOAD CURRENT
10mA
ERROR AMP INPUT
0 to +12V
SA01
SPECIFICATIONS
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
2
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
ERROR AMP
OFFSET VOLTAGE
10
mV
BIAS CURRENT
5
A
OFFSET CURRENT
1
A
COMMON MODE VOLTAGE RANGE
4
+2
+8
V
COMMON MODE REJECTION, DC
4
75
dB
SLEW RATE
15
V/
S
OPEN LOOP GAIN
4
75
dB
GAIN BANDWIDTH PRODUCT
2
MHz
OUTPUT
TOTAL R
ON
.25
EFFICIENCY, 10A OUTPUT
V
S
= 100V
97
%
SWITCHING FREQUENCY
35.3
42
48.7
KHz
CURRENT, continuous
4
20
A
CURRENT, peak
4
30
A
REFERENCE
VOLTAGE
I
REF
= 5mA
7.46
7.50
7.54
V
VOLTAGE VS. TEMP
4
Full temperature range
50
PPM/
C
OUTPUT CURRENT
5
mA
LOAD REGULATION
4
20
50
PPM/mA
LINE REGULATION
1
PPM/V
POWER SUPPLY
VOLTAGE
Full temperature range
16
50
100
V
CURRENT
I
OUT
= 0, I
REF
= 0
76
90
mA
CURRENT, shutdown
I
REF
= 0
25
mA
SHUTDOWN
TRIP POINT
.18
.22
V
INPUT CURRENT
100
nA
THERMAL
2
RESISTANCE, junction to case
Full temp range, for each transistor
1.0
C/W
RESISTANCE, junction to air
Full temperature range
12
C/W
TEMPERATURE RANGE, case
Meets full range specifications
25
+85
C
The SA01 is constructed from MOSFET transistors. ESD handling procedures must be observed.
The internal substrate contains beryllia (BeO). Do not break the seal. If accidentally broken, do not crush, machine, or
subject to temperatures in excess of 850
C to avoid generating toxic fumes.
CAUTION
NOTES: 1. Each of the two active output transistors can dissipate 125W, however the N-channel will be about 1/3 of the total dissipated
power. Internal connection resistance is .05
.
2. Unless otherwise noted: T
C
= 25
C.
3. Long term operation at the maximum junction temperature will result in reduced product life. Derate internal power dissipation to
achieve high MTTF. For guidance, refer to the heatsink data sheet.
4. Guaranteed but not tested.
APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION TELEPHONE (520) 690-8600 FAX (520) 888-3329 ORDERS (520) 690-8601 EMAIL prodlit@apexmicrotech.com
SA01
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE
GRAPHS
0.1
0.4
1.0 2.0
6.010.0
40.0
0.02
0.06
0.10
0.40
1.00
2.00
6.00
10.0
BRIDGED OUTPUT SWING
VOLTAGE DROP, V
S
[A
OUT
B
OUT
] (V)
55
125
98
100
101
NORMALIZED CLOCK DRIFT
99
0
OUTPUT CURRENT, (A)
VOLTAGE DROP
VOLTAGE DROP, (V)
6
7
8
9
15
25
85
2
4
6
8 10 12 14 16 18 20
NORMALIZED SWITCHING FREQUENCY, (%)
0
1
2
3
4
5
BRIDGE DRIVE CURRENT, I
OUT
(A)
CASE TEMPERATURE, T (
C)
C
25
125
CASE TEMPERATURE, T
C
(
C)
0
20
25
MAXIMUM CONTINUOUS OUTPUT
OUTPUT CURRENT , (A)
5
10
15
1
10
100
10M
80
120
ERROR AMP SMALL SIGNAL GAIN
40
FREQUENCY, F (Hz)
180
ERROR AMP SMALL SIGNAL PHASE
45
65
85
105
55
50 25
0
25
50
75
100 125
125
15
25
85
1K
10K 100K 1M
1
10
100
10M
1K
10K 100K 1M
FREQUENCY, F (Hz)
OPEN LOOP GAIN RESPONSE, A (dB)
135
90
45
0
OPEN LOOP PHASE, (
)
0
INTERNAL POWER DISSIPATION, P (W)
0
15
FLYBACK CURRENT, I
SD
, (A)
0
FLYBACK DIODES
4
5
FET ON RESISTANCE
ON RESISTANCE, (
)
POWER DERATING
0
75
125
100
25
50
10
20
1
2
3
0
.05
.1
.15
.2
.25
.3
SOURCE TO DRAIN DIODE VOLTAGE
CASE TEMPERATURE, T (
C)
J
50
110
130
70
90
150
75
CASE TEMPERATURE, T (
C)
100
0
25
50
125
C
CASE TEMPERATURE, T
C
(
C)
CASE TEMPERATURE, T
C
(
C)
60
70
80
QUIESCENT CURRENT DRIFT
QUIESCENT CURRENT, IQ (mA)
0.9996
0.9998
1.0000
1.0002
1.0004
NORMALIZED REFERENCE DRIFT
2
8
CONTROL, EA OUT (V)
0
DUTY CYCLE
PERCENT HIGH
80
4
40
6
NORMALIZED REFERENCE, V
REF
, (X)
125
C
85
C
25
C
A/B OUT TO +V
S
P-CHANNEL
P-CHANNEL
A
OUT
B
OUT
N-CHANNEL
A/B OUT TO I
SENSE
N-CHANNEL
V
S
= 100V
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE
V
S
= 80V
V
S
= 60V
V
S
= 40V
V
S
= 20V
T
J
= 150
C
25
C
EACH OUTPUT TRANSISTOR
CASE TEMP. 35
C
CASE TEMP. 110
C
CASE TEMP. 60
C
CASE TEMP. 85
C
SA01
OPERATING
CONSIDERATIONS
GENERAL
Helpful information about power supplies, heatsinking and
mounting can be found in the "General Operating Consider-
ations" section of the Apex data book. For information on the
package outline, heatsinks, and mounting hardware see the
"Package Outlines" and "Accessories" section of the data book.
Also see Application Note 30 on "PWM Basics."
CURRENT LIMIT
The current limit function sets a peak limit on current flow in
pin 8 (Isense). This limits load current and also limits current in
the event of a short of either output to +Vs. This circuit can trip
anytime during the conduction period and will hold the output
transistors off for the remainder of that conduction period.
For proper operation the current limit sense resistor must be
connected as shown in the external connection diagram. It is
recommended that the resistor be a non-inductive type. Load
current flows in pin 8. No current flows in pin 10 (Shutdown/
filter) so no error will be introduced by the length of the
connection to pin 10. However, the voltage at pin 10 is com-
pared to GND (pin 4) and an error could be introduced if the
grounded end of R
LIMIT
is not directly tied to pin 4. Good circuit
board layout practice would be to connect R
LIMIT
directly be-
tween pins 8 and 4.
Switching noise spikes will invariably be found at pin 8. The
amplitude and duration will be load dependent. The noise
spikes could trip the current limit threshold which is only 200
mV. R
FILTER
and C
FILTER
should be adjusted so as to reduce the
switching noise well below 200 mV to prevent false current
limiting. The sum of the DC level plus the noise peak will
determine the current limiting value. Suggested starting values
are C
FILTER
= .01
F, R
FILTER
= 5k.
The required value of R
LIMIT
may be calculated by:
R
LIMIT
= .2 V / I
LIMIT
where R
LIMIT
is the required resistor value, and I
LIMIT
is the
maximum desired current.
SHUTDOWN
The shutdown circuitry makes use of the internal current
limiting circuitry. The two functions may be externally combined
as shown below in Figure 1. R
LIMIT
will normally be a very low
value resistor and can be considered zero for this application.
R
SD
and R
FILTER
form a voltage divider for the shutdown signal.
After a suitable noise filter is designed for the current limit adjust
the value of R
SD
to give 317 mV of shutdown signal at pin 10
when the shutdown signal is high. This means pin 10 will reach
the 200 mV trip point in about one time constant with low output
current and less time as output current increases. The voltage
at pin 10 is referenced
to pin 4 (GND). C
FILTER
will filter both the cur-
rent limit noise spikes
and the shutdown sig-
nal. Shutdown and cur-
rent limit operate on
each cycle of the inter-
nal switching rate. As
long as the shutdown
signal is high the output
will be disabled.
PROTECTION CIRCUITS
There are two conditions which will latch all the output
transistors off. The first of these conditions is activation of the
high side current limit. Specifically, current in pin 7 (+V
S
) is
monitored. The DC trip level is about 35A and response time
about 5us. As actual currents increase the response time
decreases. The external fault generally associated with this
condition is shorting one of the outputs to ground. However, a
load fault can also activate this high side current limit if the
current rise time is less than the response time of the filter
discussed under "Current Limit". The second of these condi-
tions is activation of any of the four output transistor over-
temperature sensors at about 165
C. Ambient temperature, air
flow, amplifier mounting problems and all the previously men-
tioned high current faults contribute to junction temperature.
When either of these protection circuits are activated, the root
fault must be corrected and power cycled to restore normal
operation.
DEAD TIME
There is a dead time between the on and off of each output.
The dead time removes the possibility of a momentary conduc-
tion path through the upper and lower transistors of each half
bridge output during the switching interval. During the dead
time all output transistors are off. Noise or flyback may be
observed at the outputs during this time due to the high
impedance of the outputs in the off state. This will vary with the
nature of the load.
ERROR AMPLIFIER
The internal error amplifier is an operational amplifier. For
highest loop accuracy it is best to configure the op amp as an
integrator (See Figure 2). Feedback can be adjusted with
appropriate poles and zeroes to properly compensate the
velocity loop for optimum stability.
The op amp is operated from a single supply voltage gener-
ated internally. The non-inverting input of the op amp does not
have a common mode range which includes ground. R2 and R7
are used with the reference voltage provided at pin 5 to bias the
non-inverting input to +5 volts, which is approximately half of
the voltage supplied internally to the op amp. Similarly, R1 and
the parallel combination of R5 R6 are selected to bias the
inverting input also at +5 volts. Resistors R1 R2 must be
matched. Likewise the parallel combination of R5 R6 must be
matched with R7. The source impedances of the tach and the
signal source may affect the matching and should be consid-
ered in the design.
10
8
SHDN/FILTER
I
SENSE
R
FILTER
R
LIMIT
C
FILTER
R
SD
SHUTDOWN
SIGNAL
FIGURE 1.
REF OUT
R2
R1
R4
C2
R6
R7
R5
R3
C1
E/A OUT
IN
+IN
1
2
3
5
TO TACH
SIGNAL
FIGURE 2.
.1F
This data sheet has been carefully checked and is believed to be reliable, however, no responsibility is assumed for possible inaccuracies or omissions. All specifications are subject to change without notice.
SA01U REV. E MARCH 1999
1999 Apex Microtechnology Corp.
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