06/30/06

490 N. McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-5112

Tel: 408.263.3214

Fax: 408.263.7846

www.cmd.com

CM9100

PRELIMINARY

Features

Monolithic linear charger requires no inductors,
external sense resistors or blocking diodes.

A few external components are required

4.75V to 6.5V operating input voltage range.

Programmable the charging current to achieve the
fastest charging rate without the risk of overloading
the adapter

Thermal limit control of charging current prevents
overheating

Maximum of 1µA battery drain current

Charging-current monitor output for system super-
vision of charging status

TQFN-16, RoHS compliant lead-free package

Applications

Cellular phones and smart phones

PDAs Portable Media Viewers

Digital Still Camera

Cradle Chargers

Product Description

The CM9100 is an integrated linear-mode charger for
single-cell, Lithium-ion batteries. It designed for com-
pact and cost-sensitive handheld devices. It provides
programming charge current, charge status indicator,
high accuracy fast charge current and automatic
charge voltage regulation. It requires no external block-
ing diodes or current sense resistors and needs only
one external resistor to program the charging current.

The CM9100 provides Precharge, Fast-charge (con-
stant-current), and Termination (constant-voltage)
charging modes. The Precharge/Termination currents
are preset to 10/5% of the Fast-charge current level. A
host system can monitor the actual charge current at
the ISET pin.

When the chip temperature reach 140°C, the CM9100
goes into a latched shutdown mode stop charging until
the chip temperature is below 140°C will gradually
charge and 105°C resume fast charge. When the
adapter is not present, the CM9100 draws less than
1µA of drain current from the battery in ultra low power
sleep mode.

The CM9100 is packaged in a miniature 16-pin TQFN.
It can operate over the ambient temperature range of
-40°C to 85°C.

Typical Application

Li-ion

Battery

GND

VOUT

VIN

Vin

4.7u

ISET

STAT

CM9100

VREF

0.1u

VSTB

4.7u

Basic Compact Cost-effective Fast-Charger

490 N. McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-5112

Tel: 408.263.3214

Fax: 408.263.7846

www.cmd.com

06/30/06

CM9100

PRELIMINARY

PIN DESCRIPTIONS

LEAD(s)

NAME

DESCRIPTION

No connect.

GND

Ground pin.

No connect.

VREF

4.2V, 2mA reference output pin.

ISET

Pin to set the maximum charging current in the Fast charge (CC) mode. Also,
reflects actual charging current. A resistor between this pin and ground sets the
charge current, I

No connect.

STAT

Charging status indicator pin (open-drain output).

No connect.

VOUT

Charger output pin

No connect.

VSTB

4.2V output pin, connect a cap to ground to increase stability.

No connect.

PACKAGE / PINOUT DIAGRAM

CM9100-00QE

GND

PAD

BOTTOM VIEW

(Pins Up View)

TOP VIEW

(Pins Down View)

VREF

GND

STAT

VOUT

ISE

CM91

000QE

Pin 1

Marking

16-Lead TQFN Package (4mm x 4mm)

Note: This drawing is not to scale.

ISET

1000 2.5

------------------------------

Package Pinout

06/30/06

490 N. McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-5112

Tel: 408.263.3214

Fax: 408.263.7846

www.cmd.com

CM9100

PRELIMINARY

Ordering Information

Note 1: Parts are shipped in Tape & Reel form unless otherwise specified.

Specifications

No connect.

VIN

Positive input supply voltage pin, which powers the charger.

PIN DESCRIPTIONS

PART NUMBERING INFORMATION

Pins

Package

Lead Free Finish

Ordering Part Number

Part Marking

TQFN

CM9100-00QE

CM910 000QE

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

PARAMETER

RATING

UNITS

ESD Protection (HBM)

±2

to GND

[GND - 0.3] to +6.5

Pin Voltages

OUT

, V

REF

, V

STB

to GND

SET,

STAT

to GND

[GND - 0.3] to +6.5
[GND - 0.3] to +6.5

V
V

Storage Temperature Range

-65 to +150

°C

Operating Temperature Range (Ambient)

-40 to +85

°C

Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10sec)

300

°C

ELECTRICAL OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS

(SEE NOTE 1)

SYMBOL

PARAMETER

CONDITIONS

MIN

TYP

MAX

UNITS

VIN Supply Voltage

4.75

6.5

Quiescent Current

Charging modes, exclud-
ing current to ISET and
STAT pins. All outputs are
at no load.

SHDN

Battery Drain Current

= 0V (100

- resistor

to ground), V

BAT

= 4.2V

0.5

µA

Charger Function

Precharge Mode Current

OUT

< 3.2V

0.85 x I

1.14 x I

CC Mode Voltage Threshold

3.20

3.30

3.40

250

SET k

(

)

------------------------

Pin Descriptions (cont'd)

490 N. McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-5112

Tel: 408.263.3214

Fax: 408.263.7846

www.cmd.com

06/30/06

CM9100

PRELIMINARY

Note 1: V

= 5.0V. All outputs are on. T

= 25°C unless otherwise specified.

Note 2: When chip temperature reaches 105°C, the IC's internal thermal limit will maintain this temperature by decreasing the pro-

grammed charge current

Note 3: When chip temperature reaches 140°C, the IC goes into a latched shutdown mode. It stops charging, stops supplying

OUT

). To resume the charging function, a toggle of V

is required.

Note 4: When charging current reaches 1.2A, the IC goes into shutdown, latched mode only toggled V

could resume the function.

CC Mode Charging Current V

OUT

> 3.5V

0.92 x I

1.08 x

CV Mode Voltage Threshold

4.190

4.200

4.210

TERM

Charge Termination Current V

OUT

> 4.190V

0.8 x

TERM

1.2 x

TERM

RCH

Recharge Mode Threshold

4.090

4.100

4.110

Constant-temperature

Mode, Limit

(Note 2)

105

125

OTP

Over-temperature Protec-

tion, Limit

(Note 3)

130

140

150

OCP

Over-Current Charging
(OCP), Limit

(Note 4)

0.9

1.0

1.1

DSON

of Charger MOSFET I

= 500mA

100

120

150

VREF

REF

Regulated Voltage V

REF

< 1mA

4.190

4.200

4.210

VSTB

STB

Regulated Voltage V

STB

4.100

4.200

4.300

Control Function

STAT

STAT (Open Drain) Output
Low Voltage

SINK

= 5mA

SINK

= 20mA

0.1
0.5

V
V

ELECTRICAL OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS

(SEE NOTE 1)

SYMBOL

PARAMETER

CONDITIONS

MIN

TYP

MAX

UNITS

2500

SET k

(

)

------------------------

TERM

100

SET k

(

)

------------------------

Specifications (cont'd)

06/30/06

490 N. McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-5112

Tel: 408.263.3214

Fax: 408.263.7846

www.cmd.com

CM9100

PRELIMINARY

The CM9100 is an integrated charger with a charging
profile tailored for single-cell graphite electrode (anode)
Li-ion batteries. With single resistor charge current pro-
gramming, the CM9100 can provide charge currents
up to 1000mA, or limited to 100mA/500mA for USB
input applications.

The charger features the three modes required for a
safe and reliable Li-ion charging profile; Precharge,
Fast-charge, and Termination charge. Extensive safety
features include voltage and current monitoring. A sta-
tus indicator provides charge state information.

Linear Charger vs. Switching Charger

A Li-ion battery charger can be either a switching or a
linear regulator. A switching regulator type charger
achieves higher efficiency, typical 90% or better, over a
wide range of load and line conditions and generally
offers a faster charging speed. However, a switching
charger requires an external power inductor, which
occupies substantial PC board space with added
weight. Another issue with switching regulators is the
switching noise and the potential EMI it generates.

In contrast, The CM9100 linear charger is implemented
with a single IC, without the use of an inductor. The
CM9100 provides a complete Li-ion charging control
system, with integrated power MOSFETs and several
important features, requiring just a few external resis-
tors and capacitors for a compact system design. A
sophisticated thermal management system addresses
the concerns commonly associated with linear charg-
ers.

Input

When using a constant-voltage, 5VDC nominal, AC
adapter, the semi-regulated voltage to the charger,
after accounting for the conduction losses through the
power cord and connector contacts, is a voltage in the
range of 5.0V to 6.0V.

The USB standard specifies a 5.0V +/-5% bus voltage,
capable of 500mA (High Power peripheral configura-
tion) of current. When using a USB input, the charging
current must be limited to <500mA, which is set with
the R

SET

resistor. In a system that requires 100mA

starting current until told by the host controller to go
into High Power mode, the circuit in

Figure 1

can be

used. Q1 can be the output of the controller.

Figure 1. USB Input Circuit

Charging Li-ion Batteries

Once the CM9100 detects the presence of a valid AC
adapter, and checks that the battery voltage at V

OUT

less then V

, it is ready to charge the Li-ion battery.

If the battery voltage is deeply discharged (less than
3.2V), the CM9100 will start in the Precharge mode,
charging at 10% of the programmed Fast-charge cur-
rent level. See

Figure 2

. While the battery is charging,

the status pins will be set to STAT=0. The Precharge
current will gradually bring the battery voltage to above
3.2V.

Figure 2. Typical Li-ion Battery Charging Process

Once the battery voltage exceeds the 3.3V threshold,
the CM9100 enters the Fast-charge, constant-current
(CC) mode. The status pins will be set to STAT=0. Dur-
ing the CC mode, the charging current is limited by the
maximum charging current, programmed with a single
resistor between I

SET

and ground, R

ISET

CM9100

VOUT

Charger

From

USB

100 mA

500 mA

nmos

VIN

ISET

25.5k

6.19k

4.0V

3.0V

2.0V

0.8A

0.4A

Charging

Current

Charging

Voltage

Pre-

Charge

Mode

FASTCHG

max

(

)

2.5V

1000

ISET

--------------------------------

Application Information

490 N. McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-5112

Tel: 408.263.3214

Fax: 408.263.7846

www.cmd.com

06/30/06

CM9100

PRELIMINARY

Most battery manufactures recommend an optimal
charging current for their battery. This is typically a time
ratio related to the battery capacity, with a value of .7C
to 1C, once the battery is above the Precharge voltage
level. For example, a 750mAh capacity battery with
recommended charge of .7C could have I

set for

about 525mA, with R

ISET

equal to 4.75k

, 1%.

The actual Fast-charge current might be further limited
by either the maximum chip temperature limit, deter-
mined by the power dissipation on the CM9100 chip,
the ambient temperature (T

), and the junction-to-

ambient thermal resistance, Rth

(JA)

When the battery terminal voltage, sensed at V

OUT

approaches 4.2V, the CM9100 enters the Termination
(CV) mode. The charger then regulates its output volt-
age at 4.20V, and the charging current gradually
decreases as the battery's internal voltage, V

, rises

toward 4.2V. The actual charging current is now deter-
mined by the differential voltage (4.20V V

) and the

internal impedance, R

internal

, of the Li-ion battery-pack.

The CM9100 ends the charging process when charg-
ing current drops below 5% of the Fast-charge (CC)
mode current level. Once terminated, the charge cur-
rent is completely stopped and no trickle charge is
applied. Trickle (or float) charging is not required due to
the minimal self-discharge of the Li-ion cells, and they
are unable to absorb overcharge, which causes plating
of metallic lithium and shortens the life of the battery.

Following the Termination mode, the charger will enter
the Standby mode. The status pin will be set to
STAT=V

If the wall adapter is left plugged-in while in the
Standby mode, the charger will continue to monitor the
battery voltage. It automatically re-charges the battery
when the battery voltage drops below the re-charge
threshold. When the adapter is removed, the CM9100
will drain less than 1µA from the battery.

Charging Current Foldback in the Over-
temperature Condition

A limitation of linear chargers is that they are vulnera-
ble to over-temperature conditions. The CM9100 will
throttle down the charging current when the chip junc-
tion temperature reaches 105°C (with 10°C of hystere-

sis). This protects the charger IC and its nearby
external components from excessive temperature.

The Charger IC junction temperature is determined by
several factors in the following equation:

(1)

The Rth

(JA)

is usually determined by the IC package

and the thermal resistance between the package and
the PC board. In particular, a SMD IC package relies
on the underlying PC board copper to move the heat
away from the junction. The key to reducing the ther-
mal resistance between the IC package and the under-
lying PC board is using a large copper (Cu) area for
solder attach and a large ground plane underneath the
charger IC to conduct the heat away.

The power dissipation (PD in equation 1) of a linear
charger is the product of input-output voltage differen-
tial and output current.

Highest power dissipation occurs when the battery at
its lowest level (3.2V), when it just starts in the Fast-
charge (CC) mode. Assuming V

= 5.0V, V

BAT

= 3.2V,

= 1A, the PD = (5V-3.2V) x 1A = 1.8W. Assuming

Rth

(JA)

= 50°C/W, then -T = 1.8W x 50°C/W = 90°C. If

the ambient temperature (T

) is 35°C, then the junction

temperature (T

) could reach 125°C without over-tem-

perature current foldback.

With over-temperature (OT) current foldback, the
CM9100 will throttle down the charging current, allow-
ing the junction temperature will reach steady-state
equilibrium of 105°C, which translates into 1.4W of
power dissipation, or 0.78A of charge current. As the
battery voltage rises during charging, the allowable PD
dissipation is increased. When the battery voltage
reaches 3.6V, a full 1.0A of charging current is allowed.

OTP and OCP

In addition to chip temperature regulation at 105°C, the
CM9100 provides absolute over-temperature shutdown
protection. In the case of a malfunctioning charger con-
trol, high ambient temperature or an unexpectedly high
IC thermal resistance, Rth

(JA)

(for example, due to

faulty soldering of the charger IC chip). The CM9100

PD Rth

(

)

OUT

(

) I

OUT

Application Information (cont'd)

06/30/06

490 N. McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-5112

Tel: 408.263.3214

Fax: 408.263.7846

www.cmd.com

CM9100

PRELIMINARY

provides an absolute OTP shutdown at junction tem-
perature of 150°C.

Charging status

CM9100 provides a charging status indicator pin: STAT.
This is an open-drain output, which can drive an LED
directly, with up to 20mA of current sinking capability.
Alternatively, the system supervisory microprocessor
can monitor the battery charging status by interfacing
with this pin, using a 100k

pull-up resistor. See

Table

Table 1: Charge Status for STAT

Charging Control by the Host System

The CM9100 allows a host-system to take active con-
trol of the charging process by providing actual charg-
ing current monitoring via the 1000:1 current mirror on
R

ISET

. This is especially useful for the system's direct

control of the Termination threshold (preset to 5% of
CC mode level).

Mode Summary

Precharge mode is the typical charge starting mode
for pre-conditioning a deeply discharged battery
(<3.3V). A constant current of 10% of the programmed
Fast-charge current is applied to raise the voltage
safely above 3.3V.

Fast-charge mode is the constant current charging
mode that applies most of the battery charge. A pro-
grammed constant current is applied to bring the bat-
tery voltage to 4.2V.

Termination mode is the final charging mode, where a
constant voltage of 4.2V is applied to the battery until
the charge current drops below 5% or the programmed
Fast-charge current.

Standby mode is entered after a successful Termina-
tion mode and charging is done. Charging stops. In this
mode, the battery is monitored, and when its voltage

drops below the re-charge threshold, a new charge
cycle begins.

Shutdown mode is triggered by a charging fault.
These include, Input current that exceeds 2.4A (OCP),
the IC junction temperature exceeds 150°C (OTP).
Charging stops.

Sleep mode is entered when the Adapter is removed
(or is the wrong voltage). Charging stops. In this mode,
the CM9100 draws less than 1µA of current from the
battery.

Component Selection

The constant voltage AC Adapter must be selected
carefully to minimize power losses and heat dissipation
in the charger. The input supply should be between
5.0V and 6.0V. The lowest allowable input voltage will
minimize heat dissipation and simplify the thermal
design.

Layout Considerations

Because the internal thermal foldback circuit will limit
the current when the IC reaches 105°C it is important
to keep a good thermal interface between the IC and
the PC board. It is critical that the exposed metal on
the backside of the CM9100 be soldered to the PCB
ground. The Cu pad should is large and thick enough
to provided good thermal spreading. Thermal vias to
other Cu layers provide improved thermal perfor-
mance.

and V

OUT

are high current paths and the traces

should be sized appropriately for the maximum current
to avoid voltage drops.

CHARGE STATUS

STAT

Precharge in progress

Low -

Fast-charge in progress

Low -

Charge completed

High -

Charge suspended (OTP,
OCP)

High -

Application Information (cont'd)

06/30/06

490 N. McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-5112

Tel: 408.263.3214

Fax: 408.263.7846

www.cmd.com

CM9100

PRELIMINARY

TQFN-16 Mechanical Specifications

The CM9100-00QE is supplied in a 16-lead, 4.0mm x
4.0mm TQFN package. Dimensions are presented
below.

For complete information on the TQFN16, see the Cal-
ifornia Micro Devices TQFN Package Information doc-
ument.

Package Dimensions for 16-Lead TQFN

PACKAGE DIMENSIONS

Package

TQFN-16 (4x4)

Leads

Dim.

Millimeters

Inches

Min

Nom

Max

Min

Nom

Max

0.07

0.75

0.80

0.28

0.030

0.031

0.00

0.05

0.00

0.002

0.20 REF

.008

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.010

0.012

0.014

3.90

4.00

4.10

0.154

0.157

0.161

1.95 REF

0.077

2.00

2.10

2.20

0.079

0.083

0.087

3.90

4.00

4.10

0.154

0.157

0.161

1.95 REF

0.077

2.00

2.10

2.20

0.079

0.083

0.087

0.65 TYP.

0.026

0.45

0.55

0.65

0.018

0.022

0.026

# per

tape and

reel

3000 pieces

Controlling dimension: millimeters

0.10 C

0.08 C

SIDE VIEW

Mechanical Package Diagrams

0.15 C

BOTTOM VIEW

TOP VIEW

0.10

C A B

16X

DAP SIZE

1.8 X 1.8

Pin 1 Marking

Mechanical Details

Document Outline

Ð­Ð»ÐµÐºÑ‚Ñ€Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ñ‹Ð¹ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÐµÐ½Ñ‚: CM9100-00QE

Document Outline

ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑ‚Ñ€Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ñ‹Ð¹ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÐµÐ½Ñ‚: CM9100-00QE