150mA Low Dropout

Voltage Regulators

CLM2950 / CLM2951

FEATURES

·
·

5V, 3.3V, and 3.0V Versions at 150mA Output

·
·

Very Low Quiescent Current

·
·

Low Dropout Voltage

·
·

Extremely Tight Load and Line Regulation

·
·

Very Low Temperature Coefficient

·
·

Needs Only 1

F for Stability

·
·

Current and Thermal Limiting

·
·

Unregulated DC Input can Withstand -20V Reverse
Battery and +60V Positive Transients

·
·

Similar Replacement for LP2950/LP2951 Sockets

CLM2951 Versions Only

·
·

Error Flag Warns of Output Dropout

·
·

Logic-Controlled Electronic Shutdown

·
·

Output Programmable from 1.24 to 29V

APPLICATIONS

·
·

Battery Powered Systems

·
·

Cordless Telephones

·
·

Radio Control Systems

·
·

Portable / Palm Top / Notebook Computers

·
·

Portable Consumer Equipment

·
·

Portable Instrumentation

·
·

Avionics

·
·

Automotive Electronics

·
·

SMPS Post-Regulator

·
·

Voltage Reference

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

Calogic's CLM2950 and CLM2951 are low power voltage
regulators. These devices are an excellent choice for use in
battery-powered applications such as cordless telephones,
radio control systems, and portable computers. The CLM2950
and CLM2951 features very low quiescent current and very
low dropout voltage (Typ. 50mV at light load and 380mV at
100mA). This includes a tight initial tolerance of 0.5% typ.,
extremely good load and line regulation of 0.05% typ. and
very low output temperature coefficient, making the
CLM2950/CLM2951 useful as a low-power voltage reference.
Other key additional features of this device includes higher
output current (150mA), positive transient protection up to 60V
(Load dump), and the ability to survive an unregulated input
voltage transient of -20V below ground (reverse battery).

The error flag output feature is used as power-on reset for
warning of a low output voltage, due to falling voltage input of
batteries. Another feature is the logic-compatible shutdown
input which enables the regulator to be switched on and off.
The CLM2950 is offered in a 3-pin TO-92 package compatible
with other 5 volt regulators. The CLM2951 is also available in
8-pin plastic and SO-8.

The regulator output voltage may be pin-strapped for a 5V,
3.3V and 3.0 volts or programmed from 1.24 volt to 29 volts
with an external pair of resistors.

ORDERING INFORMATION

PART

PACKAGE

TEMPERATURE RANGE

CLM2950ACN-X

TO-92 (3-Pin)

IND.

CLM2950CN-X

TO-92 (3-Pin)

IND.

CLM2951ACP-X

Plastic DIP (8-Pin)

IND.

CLM2951CP-X

Plastic DIP (8-Pin)

IND.

CLM2951ACS-X

Plastic SOIC (8-Pin)

IND.

CLM2951CS-X

Plastic SOIC (8-Pin)

IND.

X = 3.0V, 3.3V or 5.0V

CORPORATION

PIN CONNECTIONS

1D-47

1. OUTPUT
2. GROUND

3. INPUT

TO-92

BOTTOM VIEW

GROUND

ERROR

CLM2951

1D-46

8-PIN SURFACE MOUNT

5V OR 3.3V TAP

FEEDBACK

INPUT

SHUTDOWN

SENSE

OUTPUT

TOP VIEW

CALOGIC CORPORATION, 237 Whitney Place, Fremont, California 94539, Telephone: 510-656-2900, FAX: 510-651-3025

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

Power Dissipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Internally Limited
Lead Temp. (Soldering, 5 Seconds) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -65 to +150

Operating Junction Temperature Range
CLM2951 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -55 to +150

CLM2950AC/CLM2950C
CLM2951AC/CLM2951C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -40 to +125

Input Supply Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -20 to +60V
Feedback Input Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1.5 to +30V
Shutdown Input Voltage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3 to +30V
Error Comparator Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3 to +30V
ESD Rating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2KV Min

CLM2950 / CLM2951

CORPORATION

CALOGIC CORPORATION, 237 Whitney Place, Fremont, California 94539, Telephone: 510-656-2900, FAX: 510-651-3025

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS: V

= 15V, T

= 25

C, unless otherwise specified.

PARAMETER

CLM2951

CLM2950AC
CLM2951AC

CLM2950C
CLM2951C

UNITS

CONDITIONS

(Note 2)

MIN

TYP

MAX

MIN

TYP

MAX

MIN

TYP

MAX

3V VERSIONS

Output Voltage

2.985

2.964

3.0

3.015

3.036

2.985
2.970
2.964

3.0
3.0
3.0

3.015
3.030
3.036

2.970
2.955
2.940

3.0
3.0
3.0

3.030
3.045
3.060

V
V
V

= 25

-25

Full Operating Temperature

Output Voltage

2.955

3.0

3.045

2.958

3.0

3.042

2.928

3.0

3.072

100

150mA,T

JMAX

3.3V VERSIONS

Output Voltage

3.284

3.260

3.3

3.317

3.340

3.284
3.267
3.260

3.3
3.3
3.3

3.317
3.333
3.340

3.267
3.251
3.234

3.3
3.3
3.3

3.333
3.350
3.366

V
V
V

= 25

-25

Full Operating Temperature

Output Voltage

3.251

3.3

3.350

3.254

3.3

3.346

3.221

3.3

3.379

100

150mA, T

JMAX

5V VERSIONS

Output Voltage

4.975

4.94

5.0

5.025

5.06

4.975

4.95
4.94

5.0
5.0
5.0

5.025
5.050

5.06

4.95

4.925

4.90

5.0
5.0
5.0

5.05

5.075

5.10

V
V
V

= 25

-25

Full Operating Temperature

Output Voltage

4.925

5.0

5.075

4.93

5.0

5.07

4.88

5.0

5.12

100

150mA, T

JMAX

ALL VOLTAGE OPTIONS

Output Voltage
Temperature Coefficient

120

ppm/

(Note 1)

Line Regulation (Note 3)

0.03

0.1

0.03

0.1

0.04

0.2

30V (Note 4)

Load Regulation (Note 3)

0.04

0.1

0.04

0.1

0.2

100

150mA

Dropout Voltage
(Note 5)

380
450

450
500

380
450

450
500

380
450

450
500

mV
mV
mV

= 100

= 100mA

= 150mA

Ground Current

150

3
5

170

6
8

150

3
5

170

6
8

150

3
5

170

6
8

mA
mA

= 100

= 100mA

= 150mA

Current Limit

130

200

130

200

130

200

OUT

= 0

Thermal Regulation

0.05

0.2

0.05

0.2

0.05

0.2

%/W

Output Noise,
10Hz to 100KHz

430
160
100

0430

160
100

Vrms

= 1

= 200

= 13.3

(Bypass = 0.01

F pins 7 to 1 (CLM2951))

8-PIN VERSIONS ONLY

CLM2951

CLM2951AC

CLM2951C

Reference Voltage

1.22

1.235

1.25

1.22

1.235

1.25

1.21

1.23

1.26

Reference Voltage

1.19

1.27

1.19

1.27

1.18

1.28

Over Temperature (Note 6)

Feedback Pin Bias Current

Reference Voltage
Temperature Coefficient

ppm/

(Note 7)

Feedback Pin Bias Current
Temperature Coefficient

0.1

nA/

CLM2950 / CLM2951

CORPORATION

BLOCK DIAGRAM

ERROR DETECTION
COMPARATOR

1D-48

REFERENCE

1.23V

UNREGULATED DC

ERROR
AMPLIFIER

60mV

TO CMOS OR
TTL

330k

FROM
CMOS

OR TTL

5V @ 150mA
MAX

60k

CLM2950 AND CLM2951 BLOCK DIAGRAM

180k

SENSE

5V TAP

ERROR

GROUND

INPUT

OUTPUT

FEEDBACK

SHUTDOWN

CALOGIC CORPORATION, 237 Whitney Place, Fremont, California 94539, Telephone: 510-656-2900, FAX: 510-651-3025

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

PARAMETER

CLM2951

CLM2950AC
CLM2951AC

CLM2950C
CLM2951C

UNITS

CONDITIONS

(Note 2)

MIN

TYP

MAX

MIN

TYP

MAX

MIN

TYP

MAX

ERROR COMPARATOR

Output Leakage Current

0.01

= 30V

Output Low Voltage

150

250

150

250

150

250

= 4.5V, I

= 400

Upper Threshold Voltage

(Note 8)

Lower Threshold Voltage

(Note 8)

Hysteresis

(Note 8)

SHUTDOWN INPUT

Input Logic Voltage

1.3

0.6

1.3

0.7

1.3

0.7

V
V

Low (Regulator ON)
High (Regulator OFF)

Shutdown Pin
Input Current

675

800

675

800

675

800

= 2.4V

= 30V

Regulator Output Current
In Shutdown

(Note 9)

Note 1: Output or reference voltage temperature coefficients defined as the worst case voltage change divided by the total temperature range.

Note 2: Unless otherwise specified all limits guaranteed for T

= 25

C, V

= 6V, I

= 100

A and C

= 1

F. Additional conditions for the 8-pin

versions are feedback tied to 5V tap and output tied to output Sense (V

OUT

= 5V) and V

SHUTDOWN

0.8V.

Note 3: Regulation is measured at constant junction temperature, using pulse testing with a low duty cycle. Changes in output voltage due to
heating effects are covered under the specification for thermal regulation.

Note 4: Line regulation for the CLM2951 is tested at 150

C for I

= 1mA. For I

= 100

A and T

= 125

C, line regulation is guaranteed by design

to 0.2%. See typical performance characteristics for line regulation versus temperature and load current.

Note 5: Dropout voltage is defined as the input to output differential at which the output voltage drops 100mV below its nominal value measured
at 1V differential at very low values of programmed output voltage, the minimum input supply voltage of 2V (2.3V over temperature) must be
taken input account.

Note 6: V

REF

OUT

- 1V), 2.3

30V, 100

150mA, T

JMAX

Note 7: Output or reference voltage temperature coefficient is defined as the worst case voltage change divided by the total temprtature range.

Note 8: Comparator thresholds are expressed in terms of a voltage differential at the feedback terminal below the nominal reference voltage
measured at 6V input. To express these thresholds in terms of output voltage change, multiply by the error amplifier gain = V

OUT

REF

(R1+R2)/R2. For example, at a programmed output voltage of 5V, the error output is guaranteed to go low when the output drops by 95mV x
5V/1.235 = 384mV. Thresholds remain constant as a percent of V

OUT

as V

OUT

is varied, with the dropout warning occurring at typically 5% below

nominal, 7.5% guaranteed.

Note 9: V

SHUTDOWN

2V, V

30V, V

OUT

= 0, Feedback pin tied to 5V Tap.

Note 10: All typical values are not guaranteed.

APPLICATION HINTS

EXTERNAL CAPACITORS

The stability of the CLM2950/CLM2951 requires a 1.0

F or

greater capacitor between output and ground. Oscillation
could occur without this capacitor. Most types of tantalum
or aluminum electrolytic works fine here. For operations
below -25

C a solid tantalum is recommended since the

many aluminum types have electrolytes that freeze at about
-30

C. The ESR of about 5

or less and resonant

frequency about 500kHz are the most important parameters
in the value of the capacitor. The capacitors value can be
increased without limit.

At lower values of output current, less output capacitance is
required for stability. For currents below 10mA the value of
the capacitor can be reduced to 0.5

F and 0.15

F for 1mA.

More output capacitance is needed for the 8-pin version at
voltages below 5V since it runs the error amplifier at lower
gain.

At worst case 5

F or greater must be used for the condition

of 150mA load at 1.23V output.

The CLM2950, unlike other low dropout regulators, will
remain stable and in regulation with no load in addition to
the internal voltage divider. The feature is especially
important in applications like CMOS RAM keep-alive
circuits. When setting the output voltage of the CLM2951
version with external resistors, a minimum load of 1

A is

recommended.

If there is more than 10 inches of wire between the input
and the AC filter capacitor or if a battery is used as the input
then a 1

A tantalum or aluminum electrolytic capacitor

should be placed from the input to the ground.

Instability can occur if there is a stray capacitance to the
CLM2951 feedback terminal (pin 7). This could cause more
problems when using a higher value of external resistors to
set the output voltage. This problem can be fixed by adding
a 100pF capacitor between output and feedback and
increasing the output capacitor to at least 3.3

ERROR DETECTION COMPARATOR OUTPUT

The Comparator produces a logic low output whenever the
CLM2951 output falls out of regulation by more than around
5%. This is around 60mV offset divided by the 1.235
reference voltage. This trip level remains 5% below normal
regardless of the programmed output voltage of the regulator.
Figure 1 shows the timing diagram depicting the ERROR
signal and the regulator output voltage as the CLM2951 input
is ramped up and down. The ERROR signal becomes low at
around 1.3V input, and goes high around 5V input (input
voltage at which V

OUT

= 4.75). Since the CLM2951's dropout

voltage is load dependent, the input voltage trip point (around
5V) will vary with the load current. The output voltage trip
point (approx. 4.75V) does not vary with load.

The error comparator has an open-collector output which
requires an external pull-up resistor. Depending on the
system requirements the resistor may be returned to 5V
output or other supply voltage. In determining the value of
this resistor, note that the output is rated to sink 400

A, this

value adds to battery drain in a low battery condition.
Suggested values range from 100K to 1M

. If the output is

unused this resistor is not required.

PROGRAMMING THE OUTPUT VOLTAGE OF CLM2951

The CLM2951 may be pin-strapped for 5V using its internal
voltage divider by tying Pin 1 (output) to Pin 2 (sense) and Pin
7 (feedback) to Pin 6 (5V Tap). Also, it may be programmed
for any output voltage between its 1.235V reference and its
30V maximum rating. As seen in Figure 2, an external pair of
resistors is required.

Refer to the below equation for the programming of the output
voltage:

OUT

= V

REF

(1 + R

) + I

The V

REF

is 1.235 and I

is the feedback bias current,

nominally -20nA. The minimum recommended load current of
1

A forces an upper limit of 1.2M

on value of R

. If no load

is presented the I

produces an error of typically 2% in V

OUT

which may be eliminated at room temperature by trimming R

To improve the accuracy choose the value of R2 = 100k this
reduces the error by 0.17% and increases the resistor
program current by 12

A. Since the CLM2951 typically draws

A at no load with Pin 2 open-circuited this is a small price

to pay.

REDUCING OUTPUT NOISE

It may be an advantage to reduce the AC noise present at the
output. One way is to reduce the regulator bandwidth by
increasing the size of the output capacitor. This is the only
way that noise can be reduced on CLM2950 but is relatively
inefficient, as increasing the capacitor from 1

F to 220

F only

decreases the noise from 430

V to 160

Vrms for a 100kHz

bandwidth at 5V output.

Noise could also be reduced fourfold by a bypass capacitor
across R

, since it reduces the high frequency gain from 4 to

unity.

BYPASS

1/2

200Hz

or choose 0.01

F. When doing this, the output capacitor must

be increased to 3.3

F to maintain stability. These changes

reduce the output noise from 430

V to 100

Vrms for a

100kHz bandwidth at 5V output. With the bypass capacitor
added, noise no longer scales with output voltage so that
improvements are more dramatic at higher voltages.

CLM2950 / CLM2951

CORPORATION

CALOGIC CORPORATION, 237 Whitney Place, Fremont, California 94539, Telephone: 510-656-2900, FAX: 510-651-3025

CLM2950 / CLM2951

CORPORATION

CALOGIC CORPORATION, 237 Whitney Place, Fremont, California 94539, Telephone: 510-656-2900, FAX: 510-651-3025

TEMPERATURE (°C)

1.8

0.6

1.2

150

1D-49

SHUTDOWN

THRESHOLD VOLTAGE

SHUTDOWN THRESHOLD VOLTAGE (V)

0.8

1.0

1.4

1.6

50 25 0

25 50 75 100 125

INPUT VOLTAGE (V)

180

1E-01

RATED

OUTPUT CURRENT

OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)

100

120

140

160

= 50°C

= 85°C

= 25°C

OUT

= 5V

8-PIN SOIC
SOLDERED
TO PC BOARD

JMAX

= 125°C

INPUT VOLTAGE (V)

1D-50

LINE REGULATION

OUTPUT VOLTAGE CHANGE (mV)

= 150°C

= 125°C

= 100

= 1mA

= 100

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

TIME (mS)

125

100

1E-02

LOAD TRANSIENT

RESPONSE

LOAD CURRENT

100mA

OUTPUT VOLTAGE

CHANGE (mV)

100

= 4.7

OUT

= 5V

TIME (

1E-04

ENABLE TRANSIENT

SHUTDOWN

PIN VOLTAGE (V)

OUTPUT

VOLTAGE (V)

100

700

100 200 300 400 500 600

= 1.5

OUT

= 5V

= 10

= 8V

= 10mA

TIME (mS)

100

1E-03

LOAD TRANSIENT

RESPONSE

LOAD CURRENT

100mA

OUTPUT VOLTAGE

CHANGE (mV)

= 15

OUT

= 5V

INPUT VOLTAGE (V)

1E-05

ERROR

COMPARATOR OUTPUT

COMPARATOR OUTPUT (V)

OUT

= 5V

NOTE: PULLUP RESISTOR
TO SEPARATE 5V SUPPLY

HYSTERESIS

400mV

800

1E-07

LINE TRANSIENT

RESPONSE

INPUT

VOLTAGE

200

400

600

200mV

50mV

OUTPUT VOLTAGE

CHANGE

= 5V

= 4.7

= 1mA

OUT

2.5

0.0

0.9

1E-06

COMPARATOR

SINK CURRENT

SINK CURRENT (mA)

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

= 125°C

= 25°C

= 55°C

CLM2950 / CLM2951

CORPORATION

CALOGIC CORPORATION, 237 Whitney Place, Fremont, California 94539, Telephone: 510-656-2900, FAX: 510-651-3025

2.2

1.6

150

1E-08

MINIMUM

OPERATING VOLTAGE

100

2.0

1.8

1.7

2.1

1.9

MINIMUM OPERATING VOLTAGE (V)

TEMPERATURE (°C)

125

INPUT VOLTAGE (V)

160

1E-10

GROUND PIN CURRENT

QUIESCENT CURRENT (

100

120

140

= 1mA

= 0

TEMPERATURE (°C)

5.06

4.94

5.0

150

1E-09

OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs

TEMPERATURE OF 3

REPRESENTATIVE UNITS

OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)

4.96

4.98

5.02

5.04

50 25 0

25 50 75 100 125

0.2%

FREQUENCY (Hz)

1E-11

OUTPUT IMPEDANCE

OUTPUT IMPEDANCE (OHMS)

0.01

100

100K

10K

0.1

0.02

0.05

0.2

0.5

= 4.7

= 100

= 1mA

= 100mA

OUT

= 5V

FREQUENCY (Hz)

1E-13

RIPPLE REJECTION

RIPPLE REJECTION (dB)

= 1mA

= 1.5

= 6V

= 10mA

OUT

= 5V

FREQUENCY (Hz)

1E-12

RIPPLE REJECTION

RIPPLE REJECTION (dB)

= 1.5

= 0

= 100

OUT

= 5V

= 6V

FREQUENCY (Hz)

1E-14

RIPPLE REJECTION

RIPPLE REJECTION (dB)

= 1.5

= 6V

OUT

= 5V

= 50

= 100mA

TEMPERATURE (°C)

150

1E-16

DIVIDER RESISTANCE

PIN 2 TO PIN 4 RESISTANCE (k

)

50 25 0

25 50 75 100 125

400

100

300

200

FREQUENCY (Hz)

3.5

0.0

1E-15

OUTPUT NOISE

VOLTAGE NOISE

SPECTRAL DENSITY (

V/ Hz)

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

= 100mA

= 4.7

= 3.3

0.01mF
BYPASS
PIN 1 TO
PIN 7

= 220

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

CLM2950 / CLM2951

CORPORATION

CALOGIC CORPORATION, 237 Whitney Place, Fremont, California 94539, Telephone: 510-656-2900, FAX: 510-651-3025

INPUT VOLTAGE (V)

150

1E-17

RAISED OUTPUT

OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)

100

120

140

160

TO-92 PACKAGE

.25° LEADS SOLDERED

TO PC BOARD

= 85°C

= 25°C

JMAX

= 125°C

180

TIME (

1E-18

THERMAL RESPONSE

POWER

DISSIPATION (W)

OUTPUT VOLTAGE

CHANGE (mV)

1.25W

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

1E-19

*SEE APPLICATION INFO.

OUTPUT
VOLTAGE

INPUT
VOLTAGE

4.75V

ERROR*

1.3V

5.0V

CLM2951

1E-20

GND

OUT

ERROR

OUTPUT

SHUTDOWN

INPUT

3.3

1.2 TO 30V

1.23V

.01

100K

REF

TYPICAL APPLICATIONS

CLM2951

1E-21

GND

OUT

ERROR

OUT

470K

LATCH OFF WHEN ERROR FLAG OCCURS

OUT

= V

CLM2951

1E-22

GND

OUT

ERROR

OUTPUT

SHUTDOWN

INPUT

ERROR

*MINIMUM INPUT - OUTPUT VOLTAGE RANGES FROM 4mV TO 400mV.

DEPENDING ON LOAD CURRENT. CURRENT LIMIT IS TYPICALLY 160mA.

WIDE INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE CURRENT LIMITER

FIGURE 1. ERROR OUTPUT TIMING

FIGURE 2. ADJUSTABLE REGULATOR

Ð­Ð»ÐµÐºÑ‚Ñ€Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ñ‹Ð¹ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÐµÐ½Ñ‚: CLM2950AC

ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑ‚Ñ€Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ñ‹Ð¹ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÐµÐ½Ñ‚: CLM2950AC