EM4006
Copyright
2001, EM Microelectronic-Marin SA
1
www.emmicroelectronic.com
13.56 MHz 64 Data bit Read Only
Contactless
Identification Device
Description
The EM4006 (previously named H4006) is a CMOS
integrated circuit intended for use in electronic Read Only
transponders.
The exited coil connected to the device generates the
power supply via a rectifier and an integrated decoupling
capacitor. The clock used for the logic is also extracted
from the coil. The logic is mainly composed by a miller
code generator and the LROM control. The memory is
factory programmed so that each IC is unique.
Features
Operating frequency range 10 MHz to 15 MHz
RF interface optimized for 13.56 MHz operation
Laser programmed memory array
(64 data bit + 16 CRC bit)
Modulator switch designed to preserve supply voltage
Miller coding
Default data rate is 26484 Baud
Other data rates possible (mask programmable)
On chip rectifier
On chip resonant capacitor
On chip supply buffer capacitor
Applications
Logistics automation
Anticounterfeiting
Access control
Industrial transponder
Typical Operating Configuration
Coil1
Coil2
EM4006
L: typical 1.4
H for fo = 13.56MHz
Fig. 1
Pad Assignment
EM4006
VS
S
TE
S
T
n
TO
U
T
VD
D
C1
C2
Fig. 2
EM MICROELECTRONIC
- MARIN SA
EM4006
Copyright
2001, EM Microelectronic-Marin SA
2
www.emmicroelectronic.com
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Parameter
Symbol
Conditions
Maximum DC Current forced
on COIL1 and COIL2
I
CMAX
30mA
Power Supply
V
DD
-0.3V to 7.5V
Storage Temp. Die form
Storage Temp. PCB form
T
st
T
st
-55 to +200C
-55 to +125C
Electrostatic discharge
maximum to MIL-STD-883C
method 3015
V
ESD
2000V
Stresses above these listed maximum ratings may cause
permanent damages to the device. Exposure beyond
specified operating conditions may affect device reliability
or cause malfunction.
Handling Procedures
This device has built-in protection against high static
voltages or electric fields; however, anti-static
precautions must be taken as for any other CMOS
component. Unless otherwise specified, proper operation
can only occur when all terminal voltages are kept within
the voltage range. Unused inputs must always be tied to
a defined logic voltage level.
Operating Conditions
Parameter
Symb
Min
Typ
Max Units
Operating Temp.
Maximum Coil
Current
AC Voltage on Coil
Supply Frequency
T
op
I
coil
V
coil
f
coil
-40
-10
3
10
14*
13.56
+85
10
15
C
mA
Vpp
MHz
*) The AC Voltage on Coil is limited by the on chip
voltage limitation circuitry. This is according to the
parameter Icoil.
System Principle
Antenna
Driver
Oscillator
Demodulator
Filter
and
Gain
Data decoder
Data received
from transponder
Tranceiver
Transponder
Coil1
Coil2
EM4006
Signal on coils
Transponder coil
Transeiver coil
RF Carrier
Data
Fig. 3
EM4006
Copyright
2001, EM Microelectronic-Marin SA
3
www.emmicroelectronic.com
Electrical Characteristics
V
DD
= 2V, V
SS
= 0V, f
C1
= 13.56MHz sine wave, V
C1
= 1.0Vpp centered at (V
DD
- V
SS
)/2, T
a
= 25C
unless otherwise specified
Parameter
Symbol Test Conditions
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Units
Supply Voltage
V
DD
1.9
(note 1)
V
Supply current
I
DD
60
150
A
Rectifier Voltage Drop
V
REC
I
C1C2
= 1mA, modulator switch on
V
REC
= (V
C1
-V
C2
) - (V
DD
- V
SS
)
1.8
V
Modulator ON DC voltage
drop (note 2)
V
ON1
V
ON2
I
VDD VSS
= 1mA
I
VDD VSS
= 10mA
1.9
2.4
2.3
2.8
2.8
3.3
V
V
Power on reset (note 3)
V
R
V
R
- V
MIN
1.2
0.1
1.4
0.25
1.7
0.5
V
V
Coil1 - Coil2 Capacitance
C
RES
V
coil
=100mVRMS f=10kHz
92.6
94.5
96.4
pF
Series resistance of C
RES
R
S
3
Power Supply Capacitor
C
sup
140
pF
Note 1: Maximum voltage is defined by forcing 10 mA on C1 - C2
Note 2: Measured between VDD and VSS
Note 3: According to Figure 7
Block Diagram
Fig. 4
Clock extractor
Divider Chain
Sequencer
Miller Code
Generator
Power
on
Reset
LASER
ROM
Modulator
HF Rectifier
Power Management
V
DD
V
SS
C
SUP
+
AC2
AC1
-
C
RES
C
1
C
2
EM4006
Copyright
2001, EM Microelectronic-Marin SA
4
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General Description
The transponder will be activated when illuminated by a
RF field of sufficient power and at any frequency that is
compatible with its associated antenna and its internal
power supply circuit input characteristics. The chip will
Power-on-Reset itself when powered by this incoming
energy that exceeds its reset threshold. After resetting
itself the chip will start to transmit its memory contents as
a stream of Miller code. The memory contents is
transmitted by modifying the antenna matching
impedance at its internal clock rate, thereby causing
varying amounts of RF energy to be reflected from the
antenna. This impedance variation will be achieved by
connecting a modulating device across the antenna
terminals. When switched on the modulating device will
present a low impedance to the antenna. This will cause a
change in the matching of the antenna and therefore in
the amount of RF energy reflected by the transponder to
the reader. This reflected signal combines with the
transmitted signal in the receiver to yield an amplitude
modulated signal representative of the IC memory
contents. The "ON" impedance of the modulating device
needs to be comparable to about 100 Ohms to affect the
matching of the antenna and therefore its reflectivity.
The RF signal received from the transponder antenna will
serve several purposes :
power the chip
provide a global reset to the chip through its POR
(Power-On-Reset) function
provide a carrier for the data transmission
provide the input of the internal clock generation circuit
(frequency division)
Functional Description
Output Sequence
Transmission from the transponder will be accomplished
through variation of the antenna load impedance by
switching the modulating device ON and OFF.
Output sequence is composed of cycles which are
repeated. Each cycle is composed of 82 bits Standard
Message Structure (STDMS) which is Miller coded and a
pause (LW) during which the modulating device is OFF
(see figure 6 for details of Miller code).
The pause (LW) is 9bits length.
The 82 bit STDMS consists of 1 start bit, 64 data bits, 16
CRC bits and 1 stop bit.
Start bit (1)
Data(64)
CRC (16) Stop bit (1) LW(9)
Memory organisation
As already mentioned above the 82 bits are stored in
laser programmed ROM (LROM). The 82 bits of this
LROM is partioned as followed (see Memory Map):
Factory reserved
9 bits
IC name
10 bits
Customer ID
13 bits
ID
code
32
bits
CRC-CCITT
16 bits
Start and stop bits
2 bits
Memory Map
(First out)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Start
Factory reserved
MSB
IC Name
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
LSB MSB
Customer ID
LSB
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
MSB
ID code
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
ID code
LSB
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
LSB
CRC - CCITT
MSB Stop
EM4006
Copyright
2001, EM Microelectronic-Marin SA
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Factory reserved bits
These 9 bits are reserved. Default value is 00Bhex.
IC name bits
They contains the 3 last characters device name. For this
device, the value is 006hex.
Customer ID bits
This field contains a code which is defined by EM
Microelectronic-Marin S.A. For standard version, the code
is 0001hex.
ID code bits
This field is programmed from a counter in that way that
each device is unique.
Cyclic redundancy check
The shift register is reset to all zero with each Stop Bit.
CRC code is calculated on 64 data bits. The CRC code is
calculated according to CCITT / ISO 3309 - 1984
standards. See figure 5 for principle block schematic and
generating polynomial of the CRC code.
Start and stop bits
Start bit is set to logic 1 and stop bit is set to logic 0.
CRC Block Diagram
15 14
11
12
13
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0
1
2
3
data input
BCC REGISTER
SERIAL QUOTIENT
X16
X12
X5
FEEDBACK
BEFORE
SHIFT
CRC-CCITT GENERATING POLYNOMIAL = X16 + X12 + X5 + X0
=
BCC(Block Check Characters) REGISTER STAGE
=
EXCLUSIVE - OR
x
LSB
MSB
Fig. 5
RF Interface
Resonant capacitor, Rectifier, Limiter and Modulator
Switch form the unit which is interfacing to the incoming
RF signal. These blocks are interdependent so they are
developed as unit. They interface to the antenna which
typical characteristics are:
L
S
1400 nH
R
S
3 Ohms
30 < Q < 40 at 13.56 MHz.
Resonant Capacitor
The capacitor value is adjusted by laser fusing. It can be
trimmed by 1pF steps to achieve the absolute value of
94.5pF typically. This option, which is available on
request, allows a smaller capacitor tolerance over the
whole production.
Rectifier and Limiter
A full wave rectifier (Graetz Bridge) is used to provide
supply voltage to the IC. The reverse breakdown of the
diodes is also used to protect the IC from overvoltages.
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