ChipFind - документация

Электронный компонент: MP7684ASD

Скачать:  PDF   ZIP
03$
&026 %LW +LJK6SHHG
$QDORJWR'LJLWDO &RQYHUWHU
5HY
(;$5 &RUSRUDWLRQ .DWR 5RDG )UHPRQW &$ < <
.
0DUFK
)($785(6
N 6DPSOLQJ 5DWHV IURP WR 0+] 0636
N /6% '1/ IURP WR 0+]
N /6% '1/ WR 0+]
N ,QWHUIDFH WR DQ\ ,QSXW 5DQJH EHWZHHQ *1' DQG 9
''
N 3LQ &RPSDWLEOH 8SJUDGH RI 03
N 0RQRWRQLF 1R 0LVVLQJ &RGHV
N 6LQJOH 3RZHU 6XSSO\ WR YROW
N /RZ 3RZHU &026 P:
N (6' 3URWHFWLRQ 9ROWV 0LQLPXP
N /DWFK8S )UHH
%(1(),76
N /RZ 3RZHU IRU /RZHU 6\VWHP 1RLVH
N 0RVW )OH[LEOH ,QSXW 5DQJH RI DQ\ $' $YDLODEOH
N 1R 6DPSOH+ROG 1HHGHG
*(1(5$/ '(6&5,37,21
7KH 03$ LV DQ ELW PRQROLWKLF &026 VLQJOH VWHS
KLJK VSHHG $QDORJWR'LJLWDO &RQYHUWHU GHVLJQHG IRU
SUHFLVLRQ DSSOLFDWLRQV LQ YLGHR DQG GDWD DFTXLVLWLRQ
UHTXLULQJ FRQYHUVLRQ UDWHV WR 0+] ZLWK GLIIHUHQWLDO
OLQHDULW\ HUURU OHVV WKDQ /6% DQG ORZ SRZHU
FRQVXPSWLRQ $ XQLTXH IHDWXUH RI WKLV FRQYHUWHU LV LWV
LQSXW DUFKLWHFWXUH ZKLFK HOLPLQDWHV WKH QHHG IRU DQ LQSXW
WUDFN DQG KROG DQG DOORZV IXOO VFDOH LQSXW UDQJHV IURP
WR YROWV SHDNWRSHDN UHIHUUHG WR JURXQG RU RIIVHW 7KH
XVHU VLPSO\ VHWV 9
5()
DQG 9
5()
WR HQFRPSDVV WKH
GHVLUHG LQSXW UDQJH
7KH 03$ LQFOXGHV FORFNHG FRPSDUDWRUV
HQFRGHUV VWDWH RXWSXW EXIIHUV D UHIHUHQFH UHVLVWRU
ODGGHU DQG DVVRFLDWHG WLPLQJ FLUFXLWU\ $Q RYHUIORZ ELW RU
IODJ KDV EHHQ SURYLGHG WR PDNH LW SRVVLEOH WR DFKLHYH
ELW UHVROXWLRQ E\ FRQQHFWLQJ WZR GHYLFHV LQ SDUDOOHO ,Q
QRUPDO RSHUDWLRQ WKLV IODJ KDV QR HIIHFW RQ WKH GDWD ELWV
6,03/,),(' %/2&. $1' 7,0,1* ',$*5$0
'*1'
$*1'
2(
2(
2):
'%'%
5
&/.
/DGGHU
(QFRGHU
5
5
5
5
0X[
5
1
%
1
%
1
6
1
6
1
6
'))
&
&
&2):
1
1
&/.
&/.
5
5
1
6
1
%
9
,1
9
5()
9
5()
$9
''
'9
''
'%'%
03$
#0;
25'(5,1* ,1)250$7,21
3DFNDJH
7\SH
7HPSHUDWXUH
5DQJH
3DUW 1R
'1/
/6%
3ODVWLF 'LS
03$.1
,1/
/6%
62,&
03$.6
3ODVWLF 'LS
WR
G
&
03$-1
62,&
03$-6
&HUDPLF 'LS
WR
G
&
03$6'
&HUDPLF 'LS
03$-'
&HUDPLF 'LS
03$.'
WR
G
&
WR
G
&
WR
G
&
WR
G
&
WR
G
&
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
3,1 &21),*85$7,216
6HH 3DFNDJLQJ 6HFWLRQ IRU
3DFNDJH 'LPHQVLRQV






















&/.
'%
'%
'%
'%
5
5
'%
'%
'%
'%
2):
5
2(
2(
$*1'
'*1'
$*1'
$*1'
$*1'
3LQ 3',3 &',3
















9
,1
9
5()
$9
''
$9
''
$9
''
$9
''
9
5()
'9
''
3LQ 62,& (,$-
5
2(
2(
$*1'
$*1'
$*1'
$*1'
9
,1
9
5()
$9
''
$9
''
$9
''
$9
''
9
5()
&/.
'%
'%
'%
'%
5
5
'%
'%
'%
'%
2):
'*1'
'9
''
03$
#0;
3,1 287 '(),1,7,216
&/.
&ORFN ,QSXW 3LQ
'%
2XWSXW 'DWD %LW 06%
'%
2XWSXW 'DWD %LW
'%
2XWSXW 'DWD %LW
'%
2XWSXW 'DWD %LW
5
3RLQW RI 5HVLVWDQFH /DGGHU
'9
''
3RZHU 6XSSO\ RI 'LJLWDO &LUFXLW
'*1'
'LJLWDO *URXQG
5
3RLQW RI 5HVLVWDQFH /DGGHU
'%
2XWSXW 'DWD %LW
'%
2XWSXW 'DWD %LW
'%
2XWSXW 'DWD %LW
'%
2XWSXW 'DWD %LW /6%
2):
'LJLWDO 2XWSXW 2YHUIORZ
2(
2XWSXW (QDEOH &RQWURO
2(
2XWSXW (QDEOH &RQWURO
9
5()
3RVLWLYH 5HIHUHQFH 9ROWDJH 3LQ
$9
''
3RZHU 6XSSO\ RI $QDORJ &LUFXLW
$*1'
$QDORJ &LUFXLW *URXQG
$*1'
$QDORJ &LUFXLW *URXQG
$9
''
3RZHU 6XSSO\ RI $QDORJ &LUFXLW
5
&HQWHU RI 5HVLVWDQFH /DGGHU
$9
''
3RZHU 6XSSO\ RI $QDORJ &LUFXLW
$*1'
$QDORJ *URXQG
$*1'
$QDORJ *URXQG
$9
''
3RZHU 6XSSO\ RI $QDORJ &LUFXLW
9
5()
1HJDWLYH 5HIHUHQFH 9ROWDJH 3LQ
9
,1
$QDORJ ,QSXW
3,1 12
1$0(
'(6&5,37,21
03$
#0;
G
&
7PLQ WR 7PD[
(/(&75,&$/ &+$5$&7(5,67,&6 7$%/(
8QOHVV 2WKHUZLVH 6SHFLILHG $9
''
'9
''
9 )
6
0+] 'XW\ &\FOH 6DPSOH %DODQFH
9
5()
9 9
5()
$*1' 7
$
G&
3DUDPHWHU
6\PERO
0LQ
7\S
0D[
0LQ
0D[
8QLWV
7HVW &RQGLWLRQV&RPPHQWV
67$7,& 3(5)250$1&(
5HVROXWLRQ $OO *UDGHV
1
%LWV
0D[LPXP 6DPSOLQJ 5DWH
)
6
0+]
)RU 6SHFLILHG $FFXUDF\
0LQLPXP 6DPSOLQJ 5DWH
)
6
0+]
)RU 6SHFLILHG $FFXUDF\
$&&85$&< - *UDGH
'LIIHUHQWLDO 1RQ/LQHDULW\
'1/
F
F
/6%
,QWHJUDO 1RQ/LQHDULW\
,1/
/6%
%HVW )LW /LQH
0D[ ,1/ 0LQ ,1/
=HUR 6FDOH (UURU
(=6
P9
)XOO 6FDOH (UURU
()6
P9
$&&85$&< . *UDGH
'LIIHUHQWLDO 1RQ/LQHDULW\
'1/
F
F
/6%
,QWHJUDO 1RQ/LQHDULW\
,1/
/6%
%HVW )LW /LQH
=HUR 6FDOH (UURU
(=6
P9
)XOO 6FDOH (UURU
()6
P9
$&&85$&< 6 *UDGH
'LIIHUHQWLDO 1RQ/LQHDULW\
'1/
F
F
/6%
,QWHJUDO 1RQ/LQHDULW\
,1/
F
F
/6%
%HVW )LW /LQH
=HUR 6FDOH (UURU
(=6
P9
)XOO 6FDOH (UURU
()6
P9
5()(5(1&( 92/7$*(6
3RVLWLYH 5HI 9ROWDJH
9
5()
$9
''
$9
''
9
1HJDWLYH 5HI 9ROWDJH
9
5()
$*1'
$*1'
9
'LIIHUHQWLDO 5HI 9ROWDJH
9
5()
'
$*1'
$9
$*1'
9
/DGGHU 5HVLVWDQFH
5
/
:
5HV 7HPS &RHIILFLHQW
5
7&2
7PLQ WR 7PD[
SSPGG&
$1$/2* ,1387
,QSXW 9ROWDJH 5DQJH
9
,1
9
5()
9
5()
9
5()
9
5()
9 SS
,QSXW &DSDFLWDQFH
&
,1
S)
$SHUWXUH 'HOD\
W
$3
QV
$SHUWXUH 8QFHUWDLQW\ -LWWHU
W
$-
SV
03$
#0;
(/(&75,&$/ &+$5$&7(5,67,&6 7$%/( &217'
'HVFULSWLRQ
6\PERO
0LQ
7\S
0D[
0LQ
0D[
8QLWV
&RQGLWLRQV
',*,7$/ ,13876
/RJLFDO 9ROWDJH
9
,+
9
/RJLFDO 9ROWDJH
9
,/
9
/HDNDJH &XUUHQWV
,
,1
9
,1
'*1' WR '9
''
&/.
P$
2(
P$
2(
P$
,QSXW &DSDFLWDQFH
S)
&ORFN 7LPLQJ 6HH )LJXUH
&ORFN 3HULRG
W
6
QV
5LVH )DOO 7LPH
W
5
W
)
QV
+LJK 7LPH $XWREDODQFH
W
%
QV
1R PD[ OLPLW
/RZ 7LPH 6DPSOLQJ
W
6
QV
',*,7$/ 2873876
6HH )LJ
&
287
S)
/RJLFDO 9ROWDJH
9
2+
'9
''
'9
''
9
,
/2$'
P$
/RJLFDO 9ROWDJH
9
2/
9
,
/2$'
P$
VWDWH /HDNDJH
,
2=
2$
9
287
'*1' WR '9
''
'DWD +ROG 7LPH
W
+/'
QV
'DWD 9DOLG 'HOD\
W
'/
QV
'DWD (QDEOH 'HOD\
W
'(1
QV
'DWD VWDWH 'HOD\
W
'+=
QV
32:(5 6833/,(6
2SHUDWLQJ 9ROWDJH $9
''
'9
''
9
''
9
&XUUHQW $9
''
'9
''
,
''
P$
$& 3$5$0(7(56
506506 0HDV
6LJQDO 1RLVH 5DWLR
615
G%
)
6
; 176&
615
G%
)
6
; 176&
'LIIHUHQWLDO *DLQ (UURU
G
*
)
6
; 176&
'LIIHUHQWLDO 3KDVH (UURU
G
3+
'HJUHH
G
&
7PLQ WR 7PD[
03$
#0;
6SHFLILFDWLRQV DUH VXEMHFW WR FKDQJH ZLWKRXW QRWLFH
(/(&75,&$/ &+$5$&7(5,67,&6 7$%/( &217'
1RWHV
7HVWHU PHDVXUHV FRGH WUDQVLWLRQV E\ GLWKHULQJ WKH YROWDJH RI WKH DQDORJ LQSXW 9
,1
7KH GLIIHUHQFH EHWZHHQ WKH PHDVXUHG DQG WKH
LGHDO FRGH ZLGWK 9
5()
LV WKH '1/ HUURU )LJXUH 7KH ,1/ HUURU LV WKH PD[LPXP GLVWDQFH LQ /6%V IURP WKH EHVW ILW OLQH WR
DQ\ WUDQVLWLRQ YROWDJH )LJXUH $FFXUDF\ LV D IXQFWLRQ RI WKH VDPSOLQJ UDWH )
6
*XDUDQWHHG 1RW WHVWHG
6SHFLILHG YDOXHV JXDUDQWHH IXQFWLRQDOLW\ 5HIHU WR RWKHU SDUDPHWHUV IRU DFFXUDF\
6HH 9
,1
LQSXW HTXLYDOHQW FLUFXLW )LJXUH 6ZLWFKHG FDSDFLWRU DQDORJ LQSXW UHTXLUHV GULYHU ZLWK ORZ RXWSXW UHVLVWDQFH
$OO LQSXWV KDYH GLRGHV WR '9
''
DQG '*1' ,QSXW 2( KDV LQWHUQDO SXOO GRZQ ,QSXW 2( KDV LQWHUQDO SXOO XS ,QSXW '& FXUUHQWV ZLOO
QRW H[FHHG VSHFLILHG OLPLWV IRU DQ\ LQSXW YROWDJH EHWZHHQ '*1' DQG '9
''
,QWHUQDO UHVLVWRU WR '9
''
ELDVHV XQFRQQHFWHG LQSXW WR DFWLYH KLJK ORJLFDO OHYHO
,QWHUQDO UHVLVWRU WR '*1' ELDVHV XQFRQQHFWHG LQSXW WR DFWLYH ORZ ORJLFDO OHYHO
&RQGLWLRQ WR PHHW DSHUWXUH GHOD\ VSHFLILFDWLRQV W
$3
W
$-
$FWXDO ULVHIDOO WLPH FDQ EH OHVV VWULQJHQW ZLWK QR ORVV RI DFFXUDF\
615 5DWLR RI IXQGDPHQWDO RYHU QRLVH
$%62/87( 0$;,080 5$7,1*6 7
G
& XQOHVV RWKHUZLVH QRWHG
9
''
WR *1'
9
9
5()
9
5()
*1' WR 9
''
9
9
,1
*1' WR 9
''
9
$OO ,QSXWV
*1' WR 9
''
9
$OO 2XWSXWV
*1' WR 9
''
9
6WRUDJH 7HPSHUDWXUH
WR
G
&
/HDG 7HPSHUDWXUH 6ROGHULQJ VHFRQGV
G
&
3DFNDJH 3RZHU 'LVVLSDWLRQ 5DWLQJ WR
G
&
&',3 3',3 62,& /&&
P:
'HUDWHV DERYH
G
&
P:
G
&
1RWHV
6WUHVVHV DERYH WKRVH OLVWHG XQGHU $EVROXWH 0D[LPXP 5DWLQJV PD\ FDXVH SHUPDQHQW GDPDJH WR WKH GHYLFH 7KLV LV D
VWUHVV UDWLQJ RQO\ DQG IXQFWLRQDO RSHUDWLRQ DW RU DERYH WKLV VSHFLILFDWLRQ LV QRW LPSOLHG ([SRVXUH WR PD[LPXP UDWLQJ
FRQGLWLRQV IRU H[WHQGHG SHULRGV PD\ DIIHFW GHYLFH UHOLDELOLW\
$Q\ LQSXW SLQ ZKLFK FDQ VHH D YDOXH RXWVLGH WKH DEVROXWH PD[LPXP UDWLQJV VKRXOG EH SURWHFWHG E\ 6FKRWWN\ GLRGH FODPSV
+3 IURP LQSXW SLQ WR WKH VXSSOLHV $OO LQSXWV KDYH SURWHFWLRQ GLRGHV ZKLFK ZLOO SURWHFW WKH GHYLFH IURP VKRUW
WUDQVLHQWV RXWVLGH WKH VXSSOLHV RI OHVV WKDQ P$ IRU OHVV WKDQ
P
V
9
UHIHUV WR $9
DQG '9
*1' UHIHUV WR $*1' DQG '*1'
S)
:
&ORFN
+LJK
/RZ
9
5()
S)
)LJXUH $QDORJ ,QSXW (TXLYDOHQW &LUFXLW
9
,1
$9
''
$*1'
03$
5HY
$872
%$/$1&(
&/2&.
'$7$
1
)LJXUH 03$ 7LPLQJ 'LDJUDP
$1$/2*
,1387
6$03/(
1
6$03/(
1
6$03/(
1
$872
%$/$1&(
1
2(
)LJXUH 2XWSXW (QDEOH'LVDEOH 7LPLQJ 'LDJUDP
2(
'$7$
'$7$
'$7$
'$7$
'$7$
+L=
+L=
'%'%
2):
9
,+
9
,/
9
,+
9
,/
9
,/
9
,+
W
'(1
W
'(1
W
'+=
W
'+=
9
2+
9
2/
W
'/
W
+/'
W
6
W
%
W
5
W
)
1
1
1
2XWSXW
&RGHV
$QDORJ
,QSXW
1 &RGH :LGWK 9
1
9
1
/6% >
9
5()
9
5()
@
'1/
1
> 9
1
9
1
@ /6%
)LJXUH '1/ 0HDVXUHPHQW
/6%
'1/
2XWSXW
&RGHV
)LJXUH ,1/ (UURU &DOFXODWLRQ
$QDORJ ,QSXW 9ROW
%HVW )LW /LQH
()6
(=6
/6%
,GHDO 7UDQVIHU /LQH
5HDO 7UDQVIHU /LQH
,1/
9
1
9
1
03$
5HY
&+$576
)LJXUH '1/ (5525 3/27
)LJXUH ,1/ (5525 3/27
&2'(6
,1/
/6%
9
9
)
$
0+]
9
#%
9
9
#
*1'
7
&
)LJXUH '1/ YV )5(48(1&<
)5(48(1&< 0+]
/6%
9
9
9
#%
9
9
#
*1'
7
&
'1/
'1/
)LJXUH ,1/ YV )5(48(1&<
)5(48(1&< 0+]
/6%
9
9
9
#%
9
9
#
*1'
7
&
,1/
,1/
)LJXUH '1/ YV 7(03(5$785(
/6%
9
9
)
$
0+]
9
#%
9
9
#
*1'
'1/
'1/
7(03(5$785( GG&
)LJXUH ,1/ YV 7(03(5$785(
7(03(5$785( GG&
/6%
9
9
)
$
0+]
9
#%
9
9
#
*1'
,1/
,1/
&2'(6
'1/
/6%
9'' 9
)6 0+]
957 9
95% *1'
7$ GG&
03$
5HY
&+$576 &217'
)LJXUH '1/ YV 95()
95() 9ROWV
/6%
9
9
)
$
0+]
9
#
*1'
7
&
'1/
'1/
)LJXUH ,1/ YV 95()
95() 9ROWV
/6%
9
9
)
$
0+]
9
#
*1'
7
&
)LJXUH ,'' YV )5(48(1&<
)5(48(1&< 0+]
,''
P$
9
9
9
#%
9
9
#
*1'
7
&
)LJXUH ,'' YV 7(03(5$785(
,''
P$
9
9
)
$
0+]
9
#%
9
9
#
*1'
7(03(5$785( GG&
)LJXUH 5()(5(1&( 5(6,6725
YV 7(03(5$785(
7(03(5$785( GG&
.2KPV
9
9
)
$
0+]
9
#%
9
9
#
*1'
03$
5HY
7+(25< 2) 23(5$7,21
$QDORJWR'LJLWDO &RQYHUVLRQ
7KH 03$ FRQYHUWV DQDORJ YROWDJHV LQWR GLJLWDO
FRGHV E\ HQFRGLQJ WKH RXWSXWV RI FRPSDUDWRUV $ WK
FRPSDUDWRU LV XVHG WR JHQHUDWH WKH RYHUIORZ ELW 7KH FRQYHUVLRQ
LV V\QFKURQRXV ZLWK WKH FORFN DQG LV DFFRPSOLVKHG LQ FORFN
SHULRGV 'DWD LV WUDQVIHUUHG IURP WKH FRPSDUDWRU ODWFKHV WR WKH
RXWSXW UHJLVWHUV HDFK FORFN SHULRG DW WKH VDPH WLPH WKH LQSXW LV
VDPSOHG
7KH FORFN VLJQDO JHQHUDWHV WKH WZR LQWHUQDO SKDVHV
I
% &/.
KLJK EDODQFH DQG
I
6 &/. ORZ VDPSOH
I
% FRQQHFWV WKH
FRPSDUDWRUV WR WKH UHIHUHQFH WDS SRLQWV
I
6 FRQQHFWV WKH FRP
SDUDWRUV WR WKH DQDORJ LQSXW YROWDJH
7KH UHIHUHQFH UHVLVWDQFH ODGGHU LV D VHULHV RI UHVLVWRUV
7KH ILUVW DQG WKH ODVW UHVLVWRU RI WKH ODGGHU DUH KDOI WKH YDOXH RI
WKH RWKHUV VR WKDW WKH IROORZLQJ UHODWLRQV DSSO\
5
5()
5
9
5()
9
5()
9
5()
/6%
)LJXUH 03$ &RPSD
UDWRU
I
$
I
I
$
I
/DWFK
5HI
/DGGHU
&203$5$725
9
,1
9
7$3
7KH 03$ FRPSDUDWRUV XVH WKH EDODQFH SKDVH
I
%
WR
FKDUJH RQH SODWH RI WKH FDSDFLWRUV WR WKH UHIHUHQFH ODGGHU WDS
SRLQW 9
7$3
DQG WKH RWKHU WR WKH LQYHUWHUFRPSDUDWRU WULJJHU
SRLQW 'XULQJ WKH VDPSOH SKDVH
I
6
RQH SODWH RI WKH FDSDFLWRUV
VZLWFKHV WR 9
,1
7KH FKDQJH LQ YROWDJH 9
,1
9
7$3
WUDQVIHUV
DFURVV WKH FDSDFLWRU DQG IRUFHV WKH LQYHUWHU LQWR RQH RI WKH WZR
SRVVLEOH ORJLF VWDWHV $ ODWFK FRQQHFWHG WR WKH FRPSDUDWRU GXU
LQJ
I
6
UHVWRUHV DQG SURSRJDWHV WKH GLJLWDO OHYHO WR WKH HQFRGH
ORJLF
7KH ULVLQJ HGJH RI WKH &/. LQSXW PDUNV WKH HQG RI WKH VDP
SOLQJ SKDVH
I
6
,QWHUQDO GHOD\ RI WKH FORFN FLUFXLWU\ ZLOO GHOD\
WKH DFWXDO LQVWDQW ZKHQ
I
6
GLVFRQQHFWV WKH ODWFK IURP WKH FRP
SDUDWRU 7KLV GHOD\ LV FDOOHG DSHUWXUH GHOD\ W
$3
7KH DSHUWXUH GHOD\ LV QRW FRQVWDQW EXW FKDQJHV IURP RQH F\
FOH WR WKH QH[W ,QWHUQDO WKHUPDO QRLVH SRZHU VXSSO\ QRLVH DQG
VORZ LQSXW FORFN HGJHV DUH PDMRU FRQWULEXWRUV WR WKLV YDULDWLRQ
7KH DSHUWXUH MLWWHU W
$-
LV WKH YDULDWLRQ RI WKH DSHUWXUH GHOD\ GLV
WULEXWLRQ
7KLV XQFHUWDLQW\ VKRZV DV GLJLWDO FRGH HUURUV LI WKH LQSXW VOHZ
UDWH PXOWLSOLHG E\ W
$-
LV RI WKH VDPH RUGHU RI PDJQLWXGH DV WKH
/6% 7KDW LV LI GYGW
W
$-
|
9
5()
DQ LQWHUQDO HUURU RI /6%
RI HUURU UHVXOWV
$FFXUDF\ RI &RQYHUVLRQ '1/ DQG ,1/
7KH WUDQVIHU IXQFWLRQ IRU DQ LGHDO $' FRQYHUWHU LV VKRZQ LQ
)LJXUH
)LJXUH ,GHDO $' 7UDQVIHU )XQF
WLRQ
9
9
))
)(
)'
9
)(
9
5()
9
5()
9
))
',*,7$/
&2'(6

/6%
2):
9
/6%
/6%
2):
/6%
9
):
7KH RYHUIORZ WUDQVLWLRQ 9
):
WDNHV SODFH DW
9
,1
9
):
9
5()
/6%
7KH ILUVW DQG WKH ODVW WUDQVLWLRQV IRU WKH GDWD ELWV WDNH SODFH DW
9
5()
9
5()
9
5()
9
,1
9 9
5()
/6%
9
,1
9
))
9
5()
/6%
/6% 9
5()
9
))
9
1RWH WKDW WKH RYHUIORZ WUDQVLWLRQ LV D IODJ DQG KDV QR LPSDFW RQ
WKH GDWD ELWV
)LJXUH
5HDO $' 7UDQVIHU
&XUYH
',*,7$/
&2'(6
/6%
)(
(
))
(
9
9
9
/6%
=6
)6
9
5()
9
)(
9
))
9
5()
,Q D UHDO FRQYHUWHU WKH FRGHWRFRGH WUDQVLWLRQV GR QRW IDOO
H[DFWO\ HYHU\ 9
5()
YROWV
$ SRVLWLYH '1/ 'LIIHUHQWLDO 1RQ /LQHDULW\ HUURU PHDQV WKDW
WKH UHDO ZLGWK RI D SDUWLFXODU FRGH LV ODUJHU WKDQ /6% 7KLV HUURU
LV PHDVXUHG LQ IUDFWLRQV RI /6%V
$ 0D[ '1/ VSHFLILFDWLRQ JXDUDQWHHV WKDW $// FRGH ZLGWKV
'1/ HUURUV DUH EHWZHHQ WKH VWDWHG YDOXH $ VSHFLILFDWLRQ RI
0D[ '1/ /6% PHDQV WKDW DOO FRGHV DUH ZLWKLQ DQG
/6% ,I 9
5()
9 WKHQ /6% P9 DQG HYHU\ FRGH
ZLGWK LV EHWZHHQ DQG P9
03$
5HY
7KH IRUPXODV IRU 'LIIHUHQWLDO 1RQOLQHDULW\ '1/ ,QWHJUDO
1RQ/LQHDULW\ ,1/ DQG ]HUR DQG IXOO VFDOH HUURUV (=6 ()6
DUH
'1/ 9 9 /6%
'1/ )( 9
))
9
)(
/6%
()6 IXOO VFDOH HUURU 9
))
>9
5()
/6%@
(=6 ]HUR VFDOH HUURU 9
>9
5()
/6%@
)LJXUH VKRZV WKH ]HUR VFDOH DQG IXOO VFDOH HUURU WHUPV
6\VWHPV WKDW DGMXVW WKH 9
5()
YROWDJHV WR FRUUHFW IRU ()6 DQG
(=6 RQO\ LQFUHDVH WKH DFFXUDF\ DW WKH WZR H[WUHPH SRLQWV ,Q WKH
03$ VXFK DGMXVWPHQWV KDYH OLWWOH LPSDFW DW IUHTXHQFLHV
ORZHU WKDQ 0+]
)LJXUH JLYHV D YLVXDO GHILQLWLRQ RI WKH ,1/ HUURU 7KH FKDUW
VKRZV D ELW FRQYHUWHU WUDQVIHU FXUYH ZLWK JUHDWO\ H[DJJHUDWHG
'1/ HUURUV WR VKRZ WKH GHYLDWLRQ RI WKH UHDO WUDQVIHU FXUYH IURP
WKH LGHDO RQH
$IWHU D WHVWHU KDV PHDVXUHG DOO WKH WUDQVLWLRQ YROWDJHV D OLQH
LV GUDZQ SDUDOOHO WR WKH LGHDO WUDQVIHU OLQH %\ GHILQLWLRQ WKH %HVW
)LW /LQH PDNHV HTXDO WKH SRVLWLYH DQG WKH QHJDWLYH ,1/ HUURUV
7KLV PD\ FKDQJH DQ ,1/ RI WR /6%V UHODWLYH WR WKH ,GHDO
/LQH LQWR D UHODWLYH WR WKH %HVW )LW /LQH
)LJXUH 5HODWLRQVKLS RI'DWD WR&ORFN
&/2&.
'$7$
D 7ZR SRVLWLYH FORFN SXOVHV
%$/
1
6$03/(
1
&/2&.
'$7$
E 7ZR QHJDWLYH FORFN SXOVHV
1
1
%$/$1&(
&/2&.
'$7$
F &RQWLQXRXV FORFN
1
1
1
1
1
1
&ORFN 7LPLQJ
$ V\VWHP ZLOO FORFN WKH 03$ FRQWLQXRXVO\ )LJXUH D RU
LW ZLOO JLYH FORFN SXOVHV LQWHUPLWWHQWO\ ZKHQ D FRQYHUVLRQ LV GH
VLUHG 7KH WLPLQJ RI )LJXUH E NHHSV WKH 03$ FRPSDUDWRUV
LQ EDODQFH DQG UHDG\ WR VDPSOH WKH DQDORJ LQSXW 7KLV PRGH
GUDZV WKH PRVW FXUUHQW IURP 9
''
7KH WLPLQJ RI )LJXUH F
OHDYHV WKH FRPSDUDWRU LQSXWV IORDWLQJ DQG $& FRXSOHG WR WKH 9
,1
LQSXW DQG D EDODQFH SKDVH LV QHHGHG EHIRUH D YDOLG VDPSOLQJ
SKDVH ,Q WKLV PRGH ,
''
YDULHV EHFDXVH RI WKH IORDWLQJ FRPSD
UDWRU LQSXWV
$QDORJ ,QSXW
7KH 03$ KDV YHU\ IOH[LEOH LQSXW UDQJH FKDUDFWHULVWLFV
7KH XVHU VHWV 9
5()
DQG 9
5()
WR WZR IL[HG YROWDJHV DQG WKHQ
YDULHV WKH LQSXW '& DQG $& OHYHOV WR PDWFK WKH 9
5()
UDQJH
$QRWKHU PHWKRG LV WR ILUVW GHVLJQ WKH DQDORJ LQSXW FLUFXLWU\ DQG
WKHQ DGMXVW WKH UHIHUHQFH YROWDJHV IRU WKH DQDORJ LQSXW UDQJH
2QH DGYDQWDJH LV WKDW WKLV DSSURDFK PD\ HOLPLQDWH WKH QHHG IRU
H[WHUQDO JDLQ DQG RIIVHW DGMXVW FLUFXLWU\ ZKLFK PD\ EH UHTXLUHG
E\ IL[HG LQSXW UDQJH $'V
7KH 03$V SHUIRUPDQFH LV RSWLPL]HG E\ XVLQJ DQDORJ LQ
SXW FLUFXLWU\ WKDW LV FDSDEOH RI GULYLQJ WKH $
,1
LQSXW 7KHVH KDYH
DQ LPSDFW DERYH 0+] DQG WKH\ DUH YHU\ LPSRUWDQW DERYH
0+] 8VH RI &XUUHQW )HHGEDFN $PSOLILHUV LV DQ HDV\ DQG FRVW
HIIHFWLYH ZD\ WR PD[LPL]H SHUIRUPDQFH
5HIHUHQFH 9ROWDJHV
,I WKH LQSXW EDQGZLGWK LV OLPLWHG WR WKH 1\TXLVW UHJLRQ )
,1
)
6
WKHQ WKH WZR UHIHUHQFH YROWDJHV FDQ EH VHW DW DQ\ WZR YDO
XHV EHWZHHQ WKH VXSSOLHV 9
5()
WKHLU GLIIHUHQFH FDQ EH UH
GXFHG GRZQ WR YROWV ZLWK PLQRU FKDQJH LQ DFFXUDF\ ,I WKH
LQSXW EDQGZLGWK H[FHHGV )
6
WKHQ LW LV UHFRPPHQGHG WKDW
9
5()
EH ORZHU WKDQ 9
''
$W 9
5()
9 WKH /6% LV UHGXFHG WR P9 )XUWKHU UHGXF
WLRQV VKRZ DQ LQFUHDVHG HUURU LQ WHUPV RI /6% ZKLFK LV JHWWLQJ
VPDOOHU HYHQ LI WKH HUURU LQ WHUPV RI P9 UHPDLQV FRQVWDQW
7KH LQSXWRXWSXW UHODWLRQVKLS DV D IXQFWLRQ RI 9
5()
$
,1
9
,1
9
5()
'$7$
$
,1
9
5()
D *DLQ DGMXVWPHQW $ V\VWHP FDQ LQFUHDVH WRWDO JDLQ E\
UHGXFLQJ 9
5()
E ,QFUHDVLQJ G\QDPLF UDQJH $ V\VWHP FDQ LQFUHDVH G\
QDPLF UDQJH E\ XVLQJ '$&V WR FRQWURO 9
5()
DQG E\ IRFXV
LQJ RQ LQSXW UDQJHV RI LQWHUHVW ,Q GLJLWL]LQJ VWDWLF LQIRUPD
WLRQ DQ LPDJH LQ D VFDQQHU WKH ILUVW GLJLWL]DWLRQ ZRXOG SRLQW
WR WKH LQSXW UDQJH LQ ZKLFK PRVW RI WKH RXWSXW FRGHV IDOO 7KH
V\VWHP WKHQ ZRXOG DGMXVW WKH '$&V WR JHQHUDWH 9
5()
DQG
9
5()
WR LQFOXGH MXVW WKH UDQJH RI LQWHUHVW IRU WKH VHFRQG
DQG ILQDO SDVV
03$
5HY
F 6XEUDQJLQJ LQFUHDVLQJ UHVROXWLRQ :KHUH SUDFWLFDO
PXOWLSOH SDVVHV DW GLIIHUHQW 9
5()
UDQJHV FDQ LQFUHDVH UHVR
OXWLRQ ZLWKRXW FKDQJLQJ KDUGZDUH $ V\VWHP QHHGV WR PDNH
IRXU SDVVHV WR LQFUHDVH WKH UHVROXWLRQ WR ELWV 7KH PHUJ
LQJ RI WKH GDWD IURP WKH IRXU SDVVHV FDQ FUHDWH '1/ HUURUV DW
WKH ERUGHUV RI WKH UDQJHV 2QH VROXWLRQ LV WR RYHUODS WKH
UDQJHV DQG WR XVH VRIWZDUH PHWKRGV WR SURSHUO\ PHUJH WKH
UDQJHV
'LJLWDO ,QWHUIDFHV
7KH ORJLF HQFRGHV WKH ELWV LQWR D ELQDU\ FRGH DQG ODWFKHV
WKH GDWD LQ D 'W\SH IOLSIORS IRU RXWSXW 7KH LQSXWV 2( DQG 2(
FRQWURO WKH RXWSXW EXIIHUV LQ DQ DV\QFKURQRXV PRGH
2(
2(
2):
'%'%
;
+LJK =
+LJK =
9DOLG
+LJK =
9DOLG
9DOLG
7DEOH 2XWSXW (QDEOH /RJLF
,I DQRWKHU ')) IROORZV WKH $'& LW LV UHFRPPHQGHG WKDW WKH
V\VWHP ODWFKHV WKH GDWD DW WKH QHJDWLYH JRLQJ HGJH RI WKH FORFN
7KLV ZLOO ZRUN DW DQ\ IUHTXHQF\ ,I WKH V\VWHP PXVW ODWFK ZLWK WKH
SRVLWLYH JRLQJ HGJH WKHQ FDUH PXVW EH WDNHQ WR DYRLG WKH RYHU
OD\ RI WKH FORFN HGJH ZLWK WKH FKDQJLQJ RXWSXWV
,I D ODWFK IROORZV WKH $'& WKH SRVLWLYH KDOI RI WKH FORFN XVHG DV
HQDEOH VLJQDO JXDUDQWHHV VWDEOH RXWSXW DW WKH HQG RI WKH HQDEOH
SXOVH
)LJXUH 03$ )XQFWLRQDO (TXLYDOHQW
&LUFXLW DQG ,QWHUIDFH 7LPLQJ
I
9
,1
$
$'
'))
03$
&/.
'))
/DWFK
//
))
(
&/.
9
,1
'%'%
//
))
1
1
1
1
'%'%
1
1
W
'/
W
+/'
1
1
1
1
03$
5HY
$33/,&$7,21 127(6
)LJXUH 7\SLFDO &LUFXLW &RQQHFWLRQV
:
9
9
2):
N
',*,7$/
*5281'
'*1'
$1$/2*
*5281'
$*1'
N
5
&
P
)
&
2
)
&/.
5
W
/LQH 7HUPLQDWLRQ 5HVLVWRU
1RWH
'% '%
2(
7R
'LJLWDO
6\VWHP
$*1'
'*1'
5
5
5
N:
9
6XEVWUDWH
03
03$
2(
$9
''
'9
''
9
,1
9
5()
9
5()
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
5
W
5
W
$OO VLJQDOV VKRXOG QRW H[FHHG $9
''
9 RU $*1' 9
RU '9
''
9 RU '*1' 9
$Q\ LQSXW SLQ ZKLFK FDQ VHH D YDOXH RXWVLGH WKH DEVROXWH
PD[LPXP UDWLQJV $9
''
RU '9
''
9 RU $*1' 9
VKRXOG EH SURWHFWHG E\ GLRGH FODPSV +3 IURP
LQSXW SLQ WR WKH VXSSOLHV $OO 03$ LQSXWV KDYH LQSXW SUR
WHFWLRQ GLRGHV ZKLFK ZLOO SURWHFW WKH GHYLFH IURP VKRUW WUDQ
VLHQWV RXWVLGH WKH VXSSO\ UDQJHV
7KH GHVLJQ RI D 3& ERDUG ZLOO DIIHFW WKH DFFXUDF\ RI
03$ 8VH RI ZLUH ZUDS LV QRW UHFRPPHQGHG
7KH DQDORJ LQSXW VLJQDO 9
,1
LV TXLWH VHQVLWLYH DQG VKRXOG EH
SURSHUO\ URXWHG DQG WHUPLQDWHG ,W VKRXOG EH VKLHOGHG IURP
WKH FORFN DQG GLJLWDO RXWSXWV WR PLQLPL]H FURVV FRXSOLQJ DQG
QRLVH SLFNXS
7KH DQDORJ LQSXW VKRXOG EH GULYHQ E\ D EXIIHU RS DPS ZLWK DV
ORZ RXWSXW LPSHGDQFH DV SRVVLEOH 7KH LPSHGDQFH VKRXOG
EH OHVV WKDQ : IRU FORFN IUHTXHQFLHV DERYH 0+]
$QDORJ DQG GLJLWDO JURXQG SODQHV VKRXOG EH VXEVWDQWLDO DQG
FRPPRQ DW RQH SRLQW RQO\ 7KH JURXQG SODQH VKRXOG DFW DV D
VKLHOG IRU SDUDVLWLFV DQG QRW D UHWXUQ SDWK IRU VLJQDOV 7R UH
GXFH QRLVH OHYHOV XVH VHSDUDWH ORZ LPSHGDQFH JURXQG
SDWKV
'9
''
VKRXOG QRW EH VKDUHG ZLWK RWKHU GLJLWDO FLUFXLWU\ '9
''
VKRXOG EH FRQQHFWHG WR $9
''
QH[W WR WKH 03$
7KH SRZHU VXSSOLHV DQG UHIHUHQFH YROWDJHV VKRXOG EH
GHFRXSOHG ZLWK D FHUDPLF P) DQG D WDQWDOXP P) FD
SDFLWRU DV FORVH WR WKH GHYLFH DV SRVVLEOH
7KH GLJLWDO RXWSXW VKRXOG QRW GULYH ORQJ ZLUHV 7KH FDSDFLWD
WLYH FRXSOLQJ DQG UHIOHFWLRQ ZLOO FRQWULEXWH QRLVH WR WKH FRQ
YHUVLRQ :KHQ GULYLQJ GLVWDQW ORDGV EXIIHUV VKRXOG EH XVHG
03$
5HY
3(5)250$1&( &+$5$&7(5,67,&6
)LJXUH '1/ YV 6DPSOLQJ )UHTXHQF\
)LJXUH ,1/ YV 6DPSOLQJ )UHTXHQF\
)LJXUH ,
YV 6DPSOLQJ )UHTXHQF\