POSITION-SENSITIVE
PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBES
WITH CROSSED WIRE ANODES
R2486 SERIES
Information furnished by HAMAMATSU is believed to be reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for possible inaccuracies or omissions. Specifications are
subject to change without notice. No patent rights are granted to any of the circuits described herein. 2001 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.
Subject to local technical requirements and regulations, availability of products included in this promotional material may vary. Please consult with our sales office.
3 Diameter Circular Envelope Position-Sensitive PMT with Crossed Wire Anodes
For Nuclear Medical Instruments, High Energy Physics Experiments
Introduction
The R2486 series have a bialkali photocathode, a 12-stage
coarse mesh dynode structure, and multiple anode wires
crossing one another in the X and Y directions. Output sig-
nals from each anode can be divided through external resis-
tive chains and derived from X and Y electrodes as the posi-
tion signals. This crossed-wire anode construction features
high spatial resolution, high position linearity, and easy sig-
nal processing for scintillation imaging. A 5-inch diameter
type R3292 is also available.
The R2486 series enables the acquisition of
2-dimensional information with a single
tube.
Until now, the task of obtaining 2-dimensional information
required the use of an arrangement of multiple PMTs. This
approach was costly and required complex hardware. The
R2486 series were developed as position-sensitive PMTs to
enable this information acquisition with a single tube.
Applications
GCompact Gamma Camera
GAnimal PET
GRadiation Imaging
Voltage divider circuit and resistive chains
for signal processing simplify connection to
measuring instruments.
The following versions are available to handle various appli-
cations.
1. R2486:
Flying lead type (Fig. 9)
2. R2486-01: Provided with high-voltage divider circuit; enables direct
reading of signals from each anode through an IC socket.
(Fig. 10)
3. R2486-02: Provided with high-voltage divider circuit and resistive
chains for signal processing, simplifying connection to
external devices. (Fig. 11)
4. R2486-03: Variant type of R2486-02 having HA coating and
-metal
shielding. (Fig. 12)
5. R2486-04: Variant type of R2486-03 with the aluminum case. (Fig.13)
POSITION-SENSITIVE PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBES R2486 SERIES
Parameter
GENERAL
Spectral Response
Wavelength of Maximum Response
Photocathode Material
Window
Dynode
Anode Number of Wires
Effective Area
300 to 600
420
Bialkali
Borosilicate glass
Plano-plano
3.0
0.3
1.5
Coarse mesh
12
16 (X) + 16 (Y)
50
nm
nm
--
--
--
mm
--
--
--
--
mm
Material
Shape
Thickness
Index of Refraction at 420 nm
Structure
Number of Stages
Description/Value
Unit
CHARACTERISTICS (Typ. at 25
C)
Table 1: Voltage Distribution Ratio and Supply Voltage
Parameter
MAXIMUM RATINGS
Supply Voltage
Between Anode and Cathode
Average Anode Current
AH
Ambient
Temperature
R2486
R2486-01, -02, -03, -04
1300
0.1
-80 to +50
-30 to +50
V dc
mA
C
Value
Unit
Averaged over any interval of 30 seconds maxi-
mum.
The light source is a tungsten filament lamp opera-
ted at a distribution temperature of 2856K. Supply
voltage is 150 volts between the cathode and all
other electrodes connected together as an anode.
The value is cathode output current when a blue
filter (Corning CS No. 5-58 polished to 1/2 stock
thickness) is interposed between the light source
and the tube under the same condition as Note
B.
Measured with the same light source as Note
B
and with the anode-to-cathode supply voltage and
voltage distribution ratio shown in Table 1.
Measured with the same supply voltage and vol-
tage distribution ratio as Note
D at 30 minutes af-
ter removal of light.
The rise time is the time for the output pulse to rise
from 10 % to 90 % of the peak amplitude when the
entire photocathode is illuminated by a delta func-
tion light pulse.
The electron transit time is the interval between
the arrival of a delta function light pulse at the en-
trance window of the tube and the time the output
pulse reaches the peak amplitude. In measure-
ment the entire photocathode is illuminated.
In the case of R2486
NOTES
A:
B:
C:
D:
E:
F:
G:
H:
Supply Voltage: 1250 V dc, K: Cathode, Dy: Dynode, P: Anode
Electrodes
Distribution Ratio
K
Dy1
1
Dy2
1
Dy3
1
Dy4
Dy5
1
Dy6
1
Dy7
1
1
Dy8
Dy9
Dy10
Dy11
Dy12
P
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
Cathode Sensitivity
Anode Sensitivity
D
Gain
D
Anode Dark Current
E
Time Response
D
80
72
9.0
23
40
36
10
3
5.0
10
5
20
5.5
17
A/lm
mA/W
--
%
A/lm
A/W
--
nA
ns
ns
Luminous
B
Radiant at 420 nm
Blue Sensitivity index
(CS 5-58)
C
Quantum Efficiency
at 390 nm (peak)
Luminous
Radiant at 420 nm
Rise Time
F
Electron Transit Time
G
Parameter
Value
Unit
Figure 1: Typical Spectral Response
Figure 3: Example of Spatial Resolution
Figure 4: Example of Spatial Resolution
as a Function of Incident Photoelectrons
TPMHB0495EA
TPMHB0150EC
200
800
600
400
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
CATHODE RADIANT SENSITIVITY (mA/W)
QUANTUM EFFICIENCY (%)
WAVELENGTH (nm)
CATHODE
RADIANT
SENSITIVITY
QUANTUM
EFFICIENCY
TPMHB0481EB
NOTE:
The above data is measured with spot light source.
The spot size is 1 mm in diameter, and the wavelength is 565 nm.
The light is operated in pulse mode so that light intensity of 4,000 pho-
toelectrons is obtained.
The light source is scanned with 1 mm step on the photocathode, the
output signal is calculated and plotted in accordance with the position
of the light source.
The fluctuation of the position signal is 0.3 mm at FWHM.
3
1.0
0.8
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.6
10
2
10
3
10
4
10
5
SPATIAL RESOLUTION (FWHM)
NUMBER OF INCIDENT PHOTOELECTRONS (per/event)
(mm)
WAVELENGTH=565 nm
SPOT SIZE= 1.0 mm
Figure 2: Typical Gain
TPMHB0482EB
500
300
700
1000
1500
10
7
10
6
10
5
10
4
10
3
10
2
10
1
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
GAIN
CHANNEL NUMBER
FWHM=0.3 mm
COUNT PER CHANNEL
SUPPLY VOLTAGE=1250 V
WAVELENGTH=565 nm
SPOT SIZE= 1.0 mm
SPOT INTERVAL=1.0 mm on PHOTOCATHODE
NUMBER OF INCIDENT PHOTOELECTRONS=4000 per EVENT
ANODE
PITCH= 3.75 mm
NUMBER= 16 + 16
(X) (Y)
POSITION-SENSITIVE PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBES R2486 SERIES
Figure 6: Test Condition of Spatial Resolution
X-Axis
Y-Axis
Figure 5: Spatial Resolution
TPMHB0678EA
OPERATING EXAMPLE
The R2486-02 can be connected to commercially available general-purpose measuring instruments. The figure below shows
a typical connection example.
Ortec Position-Sensitive Detector Analyzer (NIM Module) can be connected to the R2486-02.
TPMHC0156EB
4
Figure 7: Example of Scintillation Imaging
TPMHF0062
TPMHC0206EA
Position of Incident Radiation
Position of collimator
2 mm
10 mm
10 mm
NaI (TI): 5 mmt +
57
Co
Supply Voltage = 1250 V
Material: lead
Thickness: 10 mm
TPMHB0679EA
PHOTO-
ELECTRON
PHOTOCATHODE
PHOTOCATHODE
CROSS WIRE ANODE
...(X8, X9 or Y8, Y9)
MESH DYNODE
INPUT WINDOW (t=3 mm)
SCAN
SPOT SIZE: 1 mm
FWHM: 9.5 mm
SUPPLY VOLTAGE: -1000 V
WAVELENGTH: 420 nm
100
100
15
30
45
POSITION (mm)
RELATIVE OUTPUT (%)
60
75
80
60
40
20
0
X8
X9
FWHM: 8.6 mm
SUPPLY VOLTAGE: -1000 V
WAVELENGTH: 420 nm
100
100
15
30
45
POSITION (mm)
RELATIVE OUTPUT (%)
60
75
80
60
40
20
0
Y9
Y8
R2486-02
ORTEC 460
X
A
X
B
Y
C
Y
D
Y
C
+ Y
D
X
A
+ X
B
X
A
X
A
+ X
B
DELAY
LINE
AMP.
SUMMING
AMP.
ORTEC 533
POSITION
INPUT
POSITION SENSITIVE
DETECTOR ANALYZER
ORTEC 464
X
POSITION
Y
POSITION
ENERGY
INPUT
POSITION
INPUT
ENERGY
INPUT
PREAMPLIFIER
INTEGRATION
ADC
PC
ADC
Y
C
Y
C
+ Y
D
X
A
X
B
Y
C
Y
D
10 mm
Figure 9: R2486
Figure 8: X- and Y-Axis of R2486 Series
DIMENSIONAL OUTLINE (Unit: mm)
TPMHA0422EB
TPMHC0207EA
5
CATHODE PIN
ANODE PATTERN
(TOP VIEW)
BOTTOM VIEW
X16
X15
X14
X13
X12
X11
X10
X9
X8
X7
X6
X5
X4
X3
X2
X1
SEMI FLEXIBLE LEADS
PHOTOCATHODE
76
1
40.0
0.5
54.0
0.5
60
3
13 MAX.
55
2
75 MAX.
50 MIN.
3.75
3.75
Y15
Y14
Y13
DY
11
DY
9
DY
5
DY
3
DY
1
DY
2
DY
4
DY
6
DY
8
X
DY
10
DY
12
K
DY
7
Y12
Y11
Y10
Y9
X1
X2
X3
X4
X5
X6
X7
X8
Y1
Y2
Y3
Y4
Y5
Y6
Y7 Y8
X16
X15
X14
X13
X12
X11
X10
X9
Y16
Y
Y16
Y15
Y14
Y13
Y12
Y11
Y10
Y9
Y8
Y7
Y6
Y5
Y4
Y3
Y2
Y1
TOP VIEW
X-1
X-16
Y-16
Y-1
GUIDE MARK
POSITION-SENSITIVE PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBES R2486 SERIES
Figure 10: R2486-01
DIMENSIONAL OUTLINE (Unit: mm)
TPMHA0423EB
TPMHC170EA
WIRE ANODE
6
BOTTOM VIEW
IC SOCKET (SNAP SIP)
EMC 14120-01-445
-H.V: RG-174/U
PHOTOCATHODE
IC SOCKET PITCH
76
1
55
2
3
84 MAX.
20
1
1000
100
4
1.6
50 MIN.
75
66
2- 3.2
2.54
2.54
X12
X13
X14
X15
X16
X11
X10
X9
Y16
Y15
Y14
Y4
Y3
Y2
Y1
X8
X7
X6
X5
Y8
Y7
Y6
Y5
Y13
Y12
Y11
Y10
Y9
X1
X2
X3
X4
HV-IN
Y
X
+1 -0
Y16
Y15
Y14
Y13
Y12
Y11
Y10
Y9
Y8
Y7
Y6
Y5
Y4
Y3
Y2
Y1
X16
X15
X14
X13
X12
X11
X10
X9
X8
X7
X6
X5
X4
X3
X2
X1
F
K
DY
12
DY
11
DY
10
DY
9
DY
8
DY
7
DY
6
DY
5
DY
4
DY
3
DY
2
DY
1
2R
2R
2R
2R
2R
2R
2R
2R
1R
1R
1R : 180 k
1/2 W
2R : 360 k
1/2 W
C
1
: 0.002
F/2 kV
C
2
: 0.01
F/500 V
C
3
: 0.01
F/500 V
C
1
C
2
C
3
2R
2R
2R
2R
10 k
RG-174U
HV
IN
Figure 11: R2486-02
TPMHA0160ED
TPMHC0086ED
7
X
1
X
2
X
3
X
4
X
5
X
6
X
7
X
8
X
9
X
10
X
11
X
12
X
13
X
14
X
15
X
16
DY
2
DY
1
DY
3
DY
4
DY
5
DY
6
DY
7
DY
8
DY
9
DY
10
DY
11
DY
12
2R
2R
2R
2R
2R
2R
C1
1R
C3
C2
2R
2R
2R
2R
2R
1R
K
F
10 k
Y
D
Y
C
X
B
X
A
EACH RESISTOR: 1 K
RG-174U
1R: 180 k
1/2 W
2R: 360 k
1/2 W
C
1
: 0.002
F/2 kV
C
2
: 0.01
F/500 V
C
3
: 0.01
F/500 V
2R
HV
IN
Y
1
Y
2
Y
3
Y
4
Y
5
Y
6
Y
7
Y
8
Y
9
Y
10
Y
11
Y
12
Y
13
Y
14
Y
15
Y
16
76
1
SIGNAL OUTPUT
: 0.8D COAXIAL CABLES
55
2
3
20
1
11.2
PHOTO-
CATHODE
86.2
3.0
1000
100
-H.V
: RG-174/U
50 MIN.
Y
XB
XA
YD
YC
X
BOTTOM VIEW
TPMH1206E02
DEC. 2001 IP
POSITION-SENSITIVE PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBES R2486 SERIES
TPMHA0424EA
TPMHA0490EA
HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS K.K., Electron Tube Center
314-5, Shimokanzo, Toyooka-village, Iwata-gun, Shizuoka-ken, 438-0193, Japan, Telephone: (81)539/62-5248, Fax: (81)539/62-2205
U.S.A.: Hamamatsu Corporation: 360 Foothill Road, P. O. Box 6910, Bridgewater. N.J. 08807-0910, U.S.A., Telephone: (1)908-231-0960, Fax: (1)908-231-1218 E-mail: usa@hamamatsu.com
Germany: Hamamatsu Photonics Deutschland GmbH: Arzbergerstr. 10, D-82211 Herrsching am Ammersee, Germany, Telephone: (49)8152-375-0, Fax: (49)8152-2658 E-mail: info@hamamatsu.de
France: Hamamatsu Photonics France S.A.R.L.: 8, Rue du Saule Trapu, Parc du Moulin de Massy, 91882 Massy Cedex, France, Telephone: (33)1 69 53 71 00, Fax: (33)1 69 53 71 10 E-mail: infos@hamamatsu.fr
United Kingdom: Hamamatsu Photonics UK Limited: 2 Howard Court, 10 Tewin Road Welwyn Garden City Hertfordshire AL7 1BW, United Kingdom, Telephone: 44-(0)1707-294888, Fax: 44(0)1707-325777 E-mail: info@hamamatsu.co.uk
North Europe: Hamamatsu Photonics Norden AB: Smidesvgen 12, SE-171-41 SOLNA, Sweden, Telephone: (46)8-509-031-00, Fax: (46)8-509-031-01 E-mail: info@hamamatsu.se
Italy: Hamamatsu Photonics Italia: S.R.L.: Strada della Moia, 1/E, 20020 Arese, (Milano), Italy, Telephone: (39)02-935 81 733, Fax: (39)02-935 81 741 E-mail: info@hamamatsu.it
HOMEPAGE URL http://www.hamamatsu.com
Figure 12: R2486-03
Figure 13: R2486-04
Variant type of R2486-03 with the aluminum case.
Variant type of R2486-02 having HA coating and
-metal shielding.
88
0.1
120.0
0.2
1000
100
ALUMINUM CASE
SIGNAL OUTPUT
0.8D COAXIAL CABLE
HV
RG-174/U
77
1
SIGNAL OUTPUT
: 0.8D COAXIAL CABLES
55
2
3
20
1
11.2
PHOTOCATHODE
HA COATING
MAGNETIC SHIELD
LIGHT SHIELD
HEAT SHRINKABLE
TUBE
86.2
3.0
1000
100
H.V: RG-174/U
76
1
50 Min.
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