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Электронный компонент: 8088-2

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August 1990
Order Number 231456-006
8088
8-BIT HMOS MICROPROCESSOR
8088 8088-2
Y
8-Bit Data Bus Interface
Y
16-Bit Internal Architecture
Y
Direct Addressing Capability to 1 Mbyte
of Memory
Y
Direct Software Compatibility with 8086
CPU
Y
14-Word by 16-Bit Register Set with
Symmetrical Operations
Y
24 Operand Addressing Modes
Y
Byte Word and Block Operations
Y
8-Bit and 16-Bit Signed and Unsigned
Arithmetic in Binary or Decimal
Including Multiply and Divide
Y
Two Clock Rates
5 MHz for 8088
8 MHz for 8088-2
Y
Available in EXPRESS
Standard Temperature Range
Extended Temperature Range
The Intel 8088 is a high performance microprocessor implemented in N-channel depletion load silicon gate
technology (HMOS-II) and packaged in a 40-pin CERDIP package The processor has attributes of both 8-
and 16-bit microprocessors It is directly compatible with 8086 software and 8080 8085 hardware and periph-
erals
231456 1
Figure 1 8088 CPU Functional Block Diagram
231456 2
Figure 2 8088 Pin Configuration
8088
Table 1 Pin Description
The following pin function descriptions are for 8088 systems in either minimum or maximum mode The ``local
bus'' in these descriptions is the direct multiplexed bus interface connection to the 8088 (without regard to
additional bus buffers)
Symbol
Pin No
Type
Name and Function
AD7 AD0
9 16
I O
ADDRESS DATA BUS
These lines constitute the time multiplexed
memory IO address (T1) and data (T2 T3 Tw T4) bus These lines are
active HIGH and float to 3-state OFF during interrupt acknowledge and
local bus ``hold acknowledge''
A15 A8
2 8 39
O
ADDRESS BUS
These lines provide address bits 8 through 15 for the
entire bus cycle (T1 T4) These lines do not have to be latched by ALE
to remain valid A15 A8 are active HIGH and float to 3-state OFF
during interrupt acknowledge and local bus ``hold acknowledge''
A17 S4 A16 S3
A19 S6 A18 S5
35 38
O
ADDRESS STATUS
During T1 these are the four most significant
address lines for memory operations During I O operations these lines
are LOW During memory and I O operations status information is
available on these lines during T2 T3 Tw and T4 S6 is always low
The status of the interrupt enable flag bit (S5) is updated at the
beginning of each clock cycle S4 and S3 are encoded as shown
This information indicates which segment register is presently being
used for data accessing
These lines float to 3-state OFF during local bus ``hold acknowledge''
S4
S3
Characteristics
0 (LOW)
0
Alternate Data
0
1
Stack
1 (HIGH)
0
Code or None
1
1
Data
S6 is 0 (LOW)
RD
32
O
READ
Read strobe indicates that the processor is performing a
memory or I O read cycle depending on the state of the IO M pin or
S2 This signal is used to read devices which reside on the 8088 local
bus RD is active LOW during T2 T3 and Tw of any read cycle and is
guaranteed to remain HIGH in T2 until the 8088 local bus has floated
This signal floats to 3-state OFF in ``hold acknowledge''
READY
22
I
READY
is the acknowledgement from the addressed memory or I O
device that it will complete the data transfer The RDY signal from
memory or I O is synchronized by the 8284 clock generator to form
READY This signal is active HIGH The 8088 READY input is not
synchronized Correct operation is not guaranteed if the set up and hold
times are not met
INTR
18
I
INTERRUPT REQUEST
is a level triggered input which is sampled
during the last clock cycle of each instruction to determine if the
processor should enter into an interrupt acknowledge operation A
subroutine is vectored to via an interrupt vector lookup table located in
system memory It can be internally masked by software resetting the
interrupt enable bit INTR is internally synchronized This signal is active
HIGH
TEST
23
I
TEST
input is examined by the ``wait for test'' instruction If the TEST
input is LOW execution continues otherwise the processor waits in an
``idle'' state This input is synchronized internally during each clock
cycle on the leading edge of CLK
2
8088
Table 1 Pin Description
(Continued)
Symbol
Pin No
Type
Name and Function
NMI
17
I
NON-MASKABLE INTERRUPT
is an edge triggered input which causes a
type 2 interrupt A subroutine is vectored to via an interrupt vector lookup
table located in system memory NMI is not maskable internally by
software A transition from a LOW to HIGH initiates the interrupt at the end
of the current instruction This input is internally synchronized
RESET
21
I
RESET
causes the processor to immediately terminate its present activity
The signal must be active HIGH for at least four clock cycles It restarts
execution as described in the instruction set description when RESET
returns LOW RESET is internally synchronized
CLK
19
I
CLOCK
provides the basic timing for the processor and bus controller It is
asymmetric with a 33% duty cycle to provide optimized internal timing
V
CC
40
V
CC
is the a5V
g
10% power supply pin
GND
1 20
GND
are the ground pins
MN MX
33
I
MINIMUM MAXIMUM
indicates what mode the processor is to operate in
The two modes are discussed in the following sections
The following pin function descriptions are for the 8088 minimum mode (i e MN MX
e
V
CC
) Only the pin
functions which are unique to minimum mode are described all other pin functions are as described above
Symbol Pin No
Type
Name and Function
IO M
28
O
STATUS LINE
is an inverted maximum mode S2 It is used to distinguish a
memory access from an I O access IO M becomes valid in the T4 preceding a
bus cycle and remains valid until the final T4 of the cycle (I O e HIGH M e
LOW) IO M floats to 3-state OFF in local bus ``hold acknowledge''
WR
29
O
WRITE
strobe indicates that the processor is performing a write memory or write
I O cycle depending on the state of the IO M signal WR is active for T2 T3 and
Tw of any write cycle It is active LOW and floats to 3-state OFF in local bus
``hold acknowledge''
INTA
24
O
INTA
is used as a read strobe for interrupt acknowledge cycles It is active LOW
during T2 T3 and Tw of each interrupt acknowledge cycle
ALE
25
O
ADDRESS LATCH ENABLE
is provided by the processor to latch the address
into an address latch It is a HIGH pulse active during clock low of T1 of any bus
cycle Note that ALE is never floated
DT R
27
O
DATA TRANSMIT RECEIVE
is needed in a minimum system that desires to use
a data bus transceiver It is used to control the direction of data flow through the
transceiver Logically DT R is equivalent to S1 in the maximum mode and its
timing is the same as for IO M (T e HIGH R e LOW) This signal floats to
3-state OFF in local ``hold acknowledge''
DEN
26
O
DATA ENABLE
is provided as an output enable for the data bus transceiver in a
minimum system which uses the transceiver DEN is active LOW during each
memory and I O access and for INTA cycles For a read or INTA cycle it is
active from the middle of T2 until the middle of T4 while for a write cycle it is
active from the beginning of T2 until the middle of T4 DEN floats to 3-state OFF
during local bus ``hold acknowledge''
3
8088
Table 1 Pin Description
(Continued)
Symbol Pin No
Type
Name and Function
HOLD
HLDA
31 30
I O
HOLD
indicates that another master is requesting a local bus ``hold'' To be
acknowledged HOLD must be active HIGH The processor receiving the ``hold''
request will issue HLDA (HIGH) as an acknowledgement in the middle of a T4 or
Ti clock cycle Simultaneous with the issuance of HLDA the processor will float
the local bus and control lines After HOLD is detected as being LOW the
processor lowers HLDA and when the processor needs to run another cycle it
will again drive the local bus and control lines HOLD and HLDA have internal
pull-up resistors
Hold is not an asynchronous input External synchronization should be provided if
the system cannot otherwise guarantee the set up time
SSO
34
O
STATUS LINE
is logically equivalent to SO in the maximum mode The
combination of SSO IO M and DT R allows the system to completely decode the
current bus cycle status
IO M
DT R
SSO
Characteristics
1(HIGH)
0
0
Interrupt Acknowledge
1
0
1
Read I O Port
1
1
0
Write I O Port
1
1
1
Halt
0(LOW)
0
0
Code Access
0
0
1
Read Memory
0
1
0
Write Memory
0
1
1
Passive
The following pin function descriptions are for the 8088 8288 system in maximum mode (i e MN MX
e
GND) Only the pin functions which are unique to maximum mode are described all other pin functions are as
described above
Symbol
Pin No
Type
Name and Function
S2 S1 S0 26 28
O
STATUS
is active during clock high of T4 T1 and T2 and is returned to the
passive state (1 1 1) during T3 or during Tw when READY is HIGH This status is
used by the 8288 bus controller to generate all memory and I O access control
signals Any change by S2 S1 or S0 during T4 is used to indicate the beginning
of a bus cycle and the return to the passive state in T3 and Tw is used to
indicate the end of a bus cycle
These signals float to 3-state OFF during ``hold acknowledge'' During the first
clock cycle after RESET becomes active these signals are active HIGH After
this first clock they float to 3-state OFF
S2
S1
S0
Characteristics
0(LOW)
0
0
Interrupt Acknowledge
0
0
1
Read I O Port
0
1
0
Write I O Port
0
1
1
Halt
1(HIGH)
0
0
Code Access
1
0
1
Read Memory
1
1
0
Write Memory
1
1
1
Passive
4
8088
Table 1 Pin Description
(Continued)
Symbol
Pin No
Type
Name and Function
RQ GT0
RQ GT1
30 31
I O
REQUEST GRANT
pins are used by other local bus masters to force the
processor to release the local bus at the end of the processor's current bus
cycle Each pin is bidirectional with RQ GT0 having higher priority than RQ
GT1 RQ GT has an internal pull-up resistor so may be left unconnected
The request grant sequence is as follows (See Figure 8)
1 A pulse of one CLK wide from another local bus master indicates a local
bus request (``hold'') to the 8088 (pulse 1)
2 During a T4 or TI clock cycle a pulse one clock wide from the 8088 to the
requesting master (pulse 2) indicates that the 8088 has allowed the local
bus to float and that it will enter the ``hold acknowledge'' state at the next
CLK The CPU's bus interface unit is disconnected logically from the local
bus during ``hold acknowledge'' The same rules as for HOLD HOLDA apply
as for when the bus is released
3 A pulse one CLK wide from the requesting master indicates to the 8088
(pulse 3) that the ``hold'' request is about to end and that the 8088 can
reclaim the local bus at the next CLK The CPU then enters T4
Each master-master exchange of the local bus is a sequence of three
pulses There must be one idle CLK cycle after each bus exchange Pulses
are active LOW
If the request is made while the CPU is performing a memory cycle it will
release the local bus during T4 of the cycle when all the following conditions
are met
1 Request occurs on or before T2
2 Current cycle is not the low bit of a word
3 Current cycle is not the first acknowledge of an interrupt acknowledge
sequence
4 A locked instruction is not currently executing
If the local bus is idle when the request is made the two possible events will
follow
1 Local bus will be released during the next clock
2 A memory cycle will start within 3 clocks Now the four rules for a currently
active memory cycle apply with condition number 1 already satisfied
LOCK
29
O
LOCK
indicates that other system bus masters are not to gain control of the
system bus while LOCK is active (LOW) The LOCK signal is activated by
the ``LOCK'' prefix instruction and remains active until the completion of the
next instruction This signal is active LOW and floats to 3-state off in ``hold
acknowledge''
QS1 QS0
24 25
O
QUEUE STATUS
provide status to allow external tracking of the internal
8088 instruction queue
The queue status is valid during the CLK cycle after which the queue
operation is performed
QS1
QS0
Characteristics
0(LOW)
0
No Operation
0
1
First Byte of Opcode from Queue
1(HIGH)
0
Empty the Queue
1
1
Subsequent Byte from Queue
34
O
Pin 34 is always high in the maximum mode
5