Eastman Kodak Company - Image Sensor Solutions

For the most current information regarding this product:

Phone: (585) 722-4385 Fax: (585) 477-4947 Web: www.kodak.com/go/imagers E-mail: imagers@kodak.com

Revision No. 1

KAF-16801LE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.1 Features............................................................................................................................................3
1.2 Description.......................................................................................................................................3
1.3 Image Acquisition............................................................................................................................5
1.4 Charge Transport .............................................................................................................................5
1.5 Output Structure...............................................................................................................................5
1.6 Dark Reference Pixels .....................................................................................................................5
1.7 Transfer Efficiency Test Pixels and Dummy Pixels ........................................................................5
2.1 Package Drawing .............................................................................................................................6
2.2 Pin Description ................................................................................................................................7
3.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings ............................................................................................................8
3.2 DC Operating Conditions ................................................................................................................9
3.3 AC Operating Condition................................................................................................................10
3.4 AC Timing Conditions...................................................................................................................10
3.5 Clock Timing .................................................................................................................................11
4.1 Performance Specification.............................................................................................................12
4.2 Spectral Response ..........................................................................................................................13
4.3 Cosmetic Classification .................................................................................................................15
5.1 Quality Assurance and Reliability .................................................................................................16
5.2 Ordering Information.....................................................................................................................17
5.3 Available Part Configurations .......................................................................................................17

Revision Changes ..................................................................................................................................17

FIGURES

Figure 1 - Functional Block Diagram......................................................................................................4
Figure 2 - Package Drawing....................................................................................................................6
Figure 3 - Package Pin Designations.......................................................................................................7
Figure 4 - Typical Output Structure Load Diagram................................................................................9
Figure 5 - Timing Diagram ...................................................................................................................11
Figure 6 - Spectral Response.................................................................................................................13
Figure 7 - Amplifier Glow.....................................................................................................................14
Figure 8 - Amplifier Glow Suppressed .................................................................................................14

Eastman Kodak Company - Image Sensor Solutions

For the most current information regarding this product:

Phone: (585) 722-4385 Fax: (585) 477-4947 Web: www.kodak.com/go/imagers E-mail: imagers@kodak.com

Revision No. 1

KAF-16801LE

1.1 Features

6M Pixel Area CCD

4096H x 4096V (9

µm) Pixels

36.88 mm H x 36.88 mm V Photosensitive
Area

2-Phase Shift Register Clocking

70 % Fill Factor

High Output Sensitivity (12

µV/e-)

Low Dark Current (<10pA/cm2 @ 25oC)

1.2 Description

The KAF-16801LE is a high performance monochrome
area CCD (charge-coupled device) image sensor with
4096H x 4096V photo active pixels designed for a wide
range of image sensing applications in the 0.4nm to
1.0nm wavelength band. Typical applications include
military, scientific, and industrial imaging. A 72dB
dynamic range is possible operating at room
temperature.

The sensor is built with a true two-phase CCD
technology employing a transparent gate. This
technology simplifies the support circuits that drive the
sensor and reduces the dark current without

compromising charge capacity. The transparent gate
results in spectral response increased ten times at
400nm, compared to a front side illuminated standard
poly silicon gate technology. The sensitivity is
increased 50% over the rest of the visible wavelengths.

Total chip size is 38.60 mm x 37.76 mm and is housed
in a 34-pin, 2.010" wide DIL ceramic package with
0.1" pin spacing.

The sensor consists of 4127 parallel (vertical) CCD
shift registers each 4128 elements long. These registers
act as both the photosensitive elements and as the
transport circuits that allow the image to be sequentially
read out of the sensor. The elements of these registers
are arranged into a 4096 x 4096 photosensitive array
surrounded by a light shielded dark reference of 29
columns and 30 rows. There is a buffer region of one
photosensitive pixel surrounding the photosensitive
region (one column at the beginning of a line, one
column at the end of a line, one row at the beginning of
a frame, and one row at the end of a frame). The
parallel (vertical) CCD registers transfer the image one
line at a time into a single 4145 element (horizontal)
CCD shift register. The horizontal register transfers the
charge to a single output amplifier. The output
amplifier is a three-stage source follower that converts
the photo-generated charge to a voltage for each pixel.

Eastman Kodak Company - Image Sensor Solutions

For the most current information regarding this product:

Phone: (585) 722-4385 Fax: (585) 477-4947 Web: www.kodak.com/go/imagers E-mail: imagers@kodak.com

Revision No. 1

KAF-16801LE

1.3 Image

Acquisition

An electronic representation of an image is formed
when incident photons falling on the sensor plane
create electron-hole pairs within the sensor. These
photon-induced electrons are collected locally by the
formation of potential wells at each photogate or pixel
site. The number of electrons collected is linearly
dependent on light level and exposure time and non-
linearly dependent on wavelength. When the pixel's
capacity is reached, excess electrons will be removed
by the anti-blooming drain that is integrated into each
pixel. During the integration period, the V1 and V2
register clocks are held at a constant (low) level.
See Figure 5. - Timing Diagrams.

1.4 Charge

Transport

Referring again to Figure 5 - Timing Diagrams, the
integrated charge from each photogate is transported to
the output using a two-step process. Each line (row) of
charge is first transported from the vertical CCDs to the
horizontal CCD register using the V1 and V2 register
clocks. The horizontal CCD is presented a new line on
the falling edge of V1 while H2 is held high. The
horizontal CCDs then transport each line, pixel by
pixel, to the output structure by alternately clocking the

H1 and H2 pins in a complementary fashion. On
each falling edge of H1 a new charge packet is
transferred onto a floating diffusion and sensed by the
output amplifier.

1.5 Output

Structure

Charge presented to the floating diffusion (FD) is
converted into a voltage and current amplified in order
to drive off-chip loads. The resulting voltage change
seen at the output is linearly related to the amount of
charge placed on FD. Once the signal has been sampled
by the system electronics, the reset gate (R) is clocked
to remove the signal and FD is reset to the potential
applied by Vrd. More signal at the floating diffusion
reduces the voltage seen at the output pin. In order to

activate the output structure, an off-chip load must be
added to the Vout pin of the device - see Figure 4.

1.6

Dark Reference Pixels

Surrounding the peripheral of the device is a border of
light shielded pixels. This includes 20 leading and 10
trailing pixels on every line excluding the inactive and
photosensitive buffer pixels. There are also 20 full dark
lines at the start of every frame and 10 full dark lines at
the end of each frame. Under normal circumstances,
these dark reference pixels do not respond to light.
However, the pixels in close proximity to an active
pixel, or the outer bounds of the can scavenge signal
depending on light intensity and wavelength and
therefore will not represent the true dark signal.

1.7 Transfer Efficiency Test Pixels and
Dummy Pixels

At the beginning of each line and at the end of each line
are extra horizontal CCD pixels. These are a
combination of pixels that are not associated with any
vertical CCD register and two that are associated with
extra photo active vertical CCDs. The two extra photo
active vertical CCDs are provided to give an accurate
photo generated signal that can be used to monitor the
charge transfer efficiency in the serial (horizontal)
register.

They are arranged as follows beginning with the first
pixel in each line

11 dark, inactive pixels
1 photo active test pixel
3 inactive pixels
20 dark reference pixels
1 active buffer pixel
4096 photoactive pixels
1 active buffer pixel
9 dark reference pixels
1 photo active test pixel
2 inactive pixels

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