KAF-4301E

Eastman Kodak Company - Image Sensor Solutions

For the most current information regarding this product:

Phone: (585) 722-4385 Fax: (585) 722-4947 Web: www.kodak.com/go/imagers E-mail: imagers@kodak.com

Revision No. 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 Device

Description ..........................................................................................................................3

1.1 Features......................................................................................................................................................... 3
1.2 Functional

Description.................................................................................................................................. 3

1.3 Architecture .................................................................................................................................................. 4
1.4 Image

Acquisition......................................................................................................................................... 4

1.5 Charge

Transport .......................................................................................................................................... 4

1.6 Output

Structure ........................................................................................................................................... 5

1.7 Pin

Description ............................................................................................................................................. 6

2.0 Performance .....................................................................................................................................

2.1 Electro-Optical.............................................................................................................................................. 8
2.2 CCD

Parameters ........................................................................................................................................... 9

2.2.1 CCD Parameters Common To both Outputs ................................................................................................ 9
2.2.2 CCD Parameters Specific to High Gain Output Amplifier......................................................................... 10
2.2.3 CCD Parameters Specific to Low Gain (high dynamic range) Output Amplifier ...................................... 10
2.3 Cosmetic

Specification ............................................................................................................................... 11

3.0 Operation .................................................................................................................................................... 12
3.1 Absolute Minimum/Maximum Ratings ...................................................................................................... 12
3.2 DC Operating Conditions ........................................................................................................................... 12
3.3 AC Clock Level Conditions........................................................................................................................ 13
3.4 AC Timing Chart ........................................................................................................................................ 14
4.0 Storage and Handling ................................................................................................................................. 16
4.1 Storage

Conditions ..................................................................................................................................... 16

4.2 ESD............................................................................................................................................................. 16
5.0 Quality Assurance and Reliability .............................................................................................................. 17
6.0 Mechanical Drawings and Specifications................................................................................................... 18
6.1 Imager

Flatness........................................................................................................................................... 20

7.0 Ordering

Information.................................................................................................................................. 22

Appendix 1 Revision Changes ............................................................................................................................. 22

FIGURES

Figure 1 - Functional Block Diagram..................................................................................................................... 3
Figure 2 - Output Structure..................................................................................................................................... 4
Figure 3 - Pinout Diagram...................................................................................................................................... 7
Figure 4 - Spectral Response.................................................................................................................................. 8
Figure 5 - Dark Current .......................................................................................................................................... 9
Figure 6 - Typical Output Structure Load Diagram ............................................................................................. 12
Figure 7 - Timing Diagrams ................................................................................................................................. 15
Figure 8 - Package Mechanical Drawing ............................................................................................................. 18
Figures 9, 10, 11 - Surface Profiles Image Sensor Surface .................................................................................. 20

KAF-4301E

Eastman Kodak Company - Image Sensor Solutions

For the most current information regarding this product:

Phone: (585) 722-4385 Fax: (585) 722-4947 Web: www.kodak.com/go/imagers E-mail: imagers@kodak.com

Revision No. 2

1.0 Device Description

1.1 Features
� Front Illuminated Full-Frame Architecture with

Blue Plus Transparent Gate True Two Phase
Technology

� 24�m(H) x 24�m(V) Pixel Size

� 2084(H) x 2084(V) Photosensitive Pixels
� 50.02 mm x 50.02 mm Photo active Area

� 100% Fill FactorTwo
� Clock Selectable Outputs

� High Gain Output (11 �V/e-)
� High Dynamic Range Output

(2.0 �V/e-)

� Low Dark Current (<15 pA/cm2 @ T=25oC)

1.2 Functional Description

The KAF-4301E is a high performance silicon charge-
coupled device (CCD) designed for a wide range of
image sensing applications in the 0.4

�m to 1.1�m wave-

length band. Common applications include medical,
scientific, military, machine and industrial vision.

The sensor is built with a true two-phase CCD technology
employing a transparent gate. This technology simplifies
the support circuits that drive the sensor and reduces the
dark current without compromising charge capacity. The
transparent gate results in spectral response increased ten
times at 400 nm, compared to a front side illuminated
standard poly silicon gate technology. The sensitivity is
increased 50% over the rest of the visible wavelengths.

The clock selectable on-chip output amplifiers have been
specially designed to meet two different needs. The first
is a high sensitivity 2-stage output with 11�V/e- charge to
voltage conversion ratio. The second is a single stage
output with 2�V/e- charge to voltage conversion

KAF-4301E

Usable Active Im age

2084 (H) x 2084(V)

24 x 24 �m

2084 Active Pixels/Line

4 Dark

4 Inactive

2 Inactive

8 Dark

G uard

4 Dark Lines

4 Dark

H22

Sub

Vdd2

Vout2

Vss

Vdd1

Vout1

Vrd

Vog

H21

Figure 1 - Functional Block Diagram

Shaded areas represent 8 non-imaging pixels at the beginning and 10 non-imaging pixels at the end of each line.

There are also 4 non-imaging lines at the top and bottom of each frame.

KAF-4301E

Eastman Kodak Company - Image Sensor Solutions

For the most current information regarding this product:

Phone: (585) 722-4385 Fax: (585) 722-4947 Web: www.kodak.com/go/imagers E-mail: imagers@kodak.com

Revision No. 2

H22

Sub

Vdd2

Vout2

Vss

Vdd1

Vout1

Vrd

Vog

H21

FD2

FD1

Vlg

Figure 2 - Output Structure

1.3 Architecture

Refer to the block diagram in Figure 1 - Functional Block Diagram The KAF-4301E consists of 2092 vertical (parallel) CCD
shift registers, one horizontal (serial) CCD shift register and a selectable high or low gain output amplifier. Both registers
incorporate two level polysilicon and true two-phase buried channel technology. The vertical registers contain 24

�m x 24

�m photocapacitor sensing elements (pixels) that also serves as the transport mechanism. The pixels are arranged in a
2084(H) x 2084(V) array; an additional 8 columns (4 at the left and 4 at the right) and 8 rows (4 each at top and bottom) of
non-imaging pixels are added as dark reference. This device must be synchronized with strobe illumination or shuttered
during readout because there is no storage array.

1.4 Image Acquisition
An image is acquired when incident light, in the form of photons, falls on the array of pixels in the vertical CCD register and
creates electron-hole pairs (or simply electrons) within the silicon substrate. This charge is collected locally by the formation
of potential wells created at each pixel site by induced voltages on the vertical register clock lines (V1, V2). These same
clock lines are used to implement the transport mechanism as well. The amount of charge collected at each pixel is linearly
dependent on light level and exposure time and non-linearly dependent on wavelength until the potential well capacity is
exceeded. At this point charge will 'bloom' into vertically adjacent pixels.

1.5 Charge Transport
Integrated charge is transported to the output in a two-step process. Rows of charge are first shifted line by line into the
horizontal CCD. 'Lines' of charge are then shifted to the output pixel by pixel. Referring to the timing diagram, integration of
charge is performed with V1 and V2 held low. Transfer to horizontal CCD begins when V1 is brought high causing
charge from the V1 and V2 gates to combine under the V1 gate. V1 and V2 now reverse their polarity causing the
charge packets to 'spill' forward under the V2 gate of the next pixel. The rising edge of V2 also transfers the first line of
charge into the horizontal CCD. A second phase transition places the charge packets under the V1 electrode of the next
pixel. The sequence completes when V1 is brought low. Clocking of the vertical register in this way is known as
accumulation mode clocking. Next, the horizontal CCD reads out the first line of charge using traditional complementary

KAF-4301E

Eastman Kodak Company - Image Sensor Solutions

For the most current information regarding this product:

Phone: (585) 722-4385 Fax: (585) 722-4947 Web: www.kodak.com/go/imagers E-mail: imagers@kodak.com

Revision No. 2

clocking (using H1 and H2 pins) as shown. The falling edge of H2 forces a charge packet over the output gate (OG) onto
one of the output nodes (floating diffusion) that controls the output amplifier. The cycle repeats until all lines are read.

1.6 Output Structure
The final gate of the horizontal register is split into two sections, H21 and H22 as shown in Figure 2 - Output Structure
The split gate structure allows the user to select either of the two output amplifiers. To use the high dynamic range single-
stage output (Vout1), tie H22 to a negative voltage to block charge transfer, and tie H21 to H2 to transfer charge. To use
the high sensitivity two-stage output (Vout2), tie H21 to a negative voltage and H22 to H2. The charge packets are then
dumped onto the appropriate floating diffusion output node whose potential varies linearly with the quantity of charge in
each packet. The amount of potential change is determined by the simple expression

Vfd=Q/Cfd. The translation from

electrons to voltages is called the output sensitivity or charge-to-voltage conversion. After the output has been sensed off-
chip, the reset clock (R) removes the charge from the floating

diffusion via the reset drain (VRD). This, in turn, returns the

floating diffusion potential to the reference level determined by the reset drain voltage.

KAF-4301E

Eastman Kodak Company - Image Sensor Solutions

For the most current information regarding this product:

Phone: (585) 722-4385 Fax: (585) 722-4947 Web: www.kodak.com/go/imagers E-mail: imagers@kodak.com

Revision No. 2

1.7 Pin Description

Pin Number

Symbol

Description

Notes

1, 2, 27, 39, 40

Vertical (Parallel) CCD Clock - Phase 2

3, 4, 28, 37, 38

Vertical (Parallel) CCD Clock - Phase 1

5, 10, 20, 21, 29, 36

VSUB

Substrate

9, 22, 30

VGUARD

Guard Ring

VDD2

High Sensitivity Two-Stage Amplifier Supply

12 VOUT2

Video

Output

from High Sensitivity Two-Stage Amplifier

VLG

First Stage Load Transistor Gate for Two-Stage Amplifier

VSS

High Sensitivity Two-Stage Amplifier Return

VRD

Reset Drain

R Reset

Clock

VDD1

High Dynamic Range Single-Stage Amplifier Supply

18 VOUT1

Video

Output from High Dynamic Range Single-Stage

Amplifier

19 VOG

Output

Gate

H21

Last Horizontal (Serial) CCD Phase - Split Gate

H22

Last Horizontal (Serial) CCD Phase - Split Gate

Horizontal (Serial) CCD Clock - Phase 1

Horizontal (Serial) CCD Clock - Phase 2

6, 7, 8, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35

N/C

No Connect

Notes:

1 - Pins 1, 2, 27, 39 and 40 must be connected together - only one Phase 2-clock driver is required

2 - Pins 3, 4, 28, 37 and 38 must be connected together - only one Phase 1-clock driver is required

3 - Pins 5, 10, 20, 21, 29 and 36 should be connected to a common potential

4 - Pins 9, 22 and 30 should be connected to a common potential

KAF-4301E

Eastman Kodak Company - Image Sensor Solutions

For the most current information regarding this product:

Phone: (585) 722-4385 Fax: (585) 722-4947 Web: www.kodak.com/go/imagers E-mail: imagers@kodak.com

Revision No. 2

2.2.2 CCD Parameters Specific to High Gain Output Amplifier

Symbol Parameter Min.

Nom.

Max.

Units

Condition

Vout/Ne-

Output Sensitivity

11.5

uV/electron

Ne-sat

Sat. Signal

130

150

180

ke- Note

ne-total

Total Sensor Noise

e- rms Note

Horizontal CCD Frequency:

2.5

MHz

Note 6

Dynamic Range :

Note 9

2.2.3 CCD Parameters Specific to Low Gain (high dynamic range) Output Amplifier

Symbol Parameter Min.

Nom.

Max.

Units

Condition

Vout/Ne-

Output Sensitivity

1.7

uV/electron

Ne-sat

Sat. Signal

1400

1500

1800

ke- Note

ne-total

Total Sensor Noise

e- rms Note

Horizontal CCD Frequency:

0.5

MHz

Note 6

Dynamic Range :

Note 9

Notes:

1. Point where the output saturates when operated with nominal voltages.
2. Signal level at the onset of blooming in the vertical (parallel) CCD register
3. Maximum signal level at the output of the high dynamic range output. This signal level will only be achieved when

binning pixels containing large signals.

4. None of 256 sub arrays (128 x 128) exceed the maximum dark current specification.
5. For 2MHz data rate and T = 30�C to -40�C.
6 Using maximum CCD frequency and/or minimum CCD transfer times may compromise performance
7. Time between the rising edge of V1 and the first falling edge of H1
8. At

Tintegration = 0; data rate = 1 MHz; temperature = -30�C

9. Uses

20LOG(Ne- sat / ne- total) where Ne- sat refers to the appropriate saturation signal.

10. CTE corresponds to a signal level of 3500-5500 e

/pix at 25

�C and H1, H2 of 1MHz

KAF-4301E

Eastman Kodak Company - Image Sensor Solutions

For the most current information regarding this product:

Phone: (585) 722-4385 Fax: (585) 722-4947 Web: www.kodak.com/go/imagers E-mail: imagers@kodak.com

Revision No. 2

2.3 Cosmetic Specification

Grade

Point Defects

Cluster Defects

Column Defects Double Columns

20 0 0

4 0

100

20 0

1000

200

Dark Defect

A pixel which deviates by more than 20% from neighboring pixels when
illuminated to 70% of saturation

Bright Defect

A pixel whose dark current exceeds 4500 electrons/pixel/second at 25�C

Cluster Defect

A grouping of not more than 5 adjacent point defects.

Column Defect

1) A grouping point defects along a single column. (Dark Column)
2) A column that contains a pixel whose dark current exceeds 150,000
electrons/pixel/second at 25 C. (Bright Column)
3) A column that does not exhibit the minimum charge capacity
specification. (Low charge capacity)
4) A column that loses >500 electrons when the array is illuminated to a
signal level of 2000 electrons/pix. (Trap like defects)

Neighboring Pixels

The surrounding 128 x 128 pixels of � 64 columns/rows

Cluster defects are separated by no less than 2 pixels from other column and cluster defects.
Column defects are separated by no less than 5 pixels from other column defects.

1,2084 2084,2084

1,1 2084,1

KAF-4301E

Eastman Kodak Company - Image Sensor Solutions

For the most current information regarding this product:

Phone: (585) 722-4385 Fax: (585) 722-4947 Web: www.kodak.com/go/imagers E-mail: imagers@kodak.com

Revision No. 2

3.0 Operation

3.1 Absolute Minimum/Maximum Ratings

Min. Max.

Units

Conditions

Temperature Storage

-100 +80 C At

Device

Operating

-70

+50

All

Clocks

-16

+16

Voltage

VOG, VLG

VSUB = OV

VRD, VSS, VDD, GUARD

+20

Current

Output Bias Current (IDD)

Capacitance

Output Load Capacitance (CLOAD)

V1, V2 Pulse Width

�s

Frequency/Time

H1, H2

2.5

MHz

R Pulse Width

Warning: For maximum performance, built-in gate protection has been added only to the VOG and VLG pin. These devices require
extreme care during handling to prevent electrostatic discharge (ESD) induced damage.

3.2 DC Operating Conditions

Min. Nom. Max.

Units

Pin

Impedance

VSUB Substrate

0.0

0.0 0.0 V Common

VDD

Output Amplifier Supply

15.0

+17.0

17.5

5 pf, 2K

VSS

Output Amplifier Return

1.4

+2.0

2.1

5 pf, 2K

VRD

Reset Drain

11.5

+12

12.5

5 pf, 1M

VOG

Output Gate

4.5

5.0

5.25

5 pf, 10M

VGUARD

Guard Ring

9.0

+10.0

15.0

350 pF, 10M

VLG Load

Gate

Vss-1.0

Vss

Vss+1.0

Notes:
1. An output load sink must be applied to Vout to activate output amplifier - see Figure below.

+15V

0.1uF

Vout

Buffered Output

2N3904 or equivalent

~5ma

The value of R1 depends on the desired output current according the following formula: R1 = 0.7 / Iout
The optimal output current depends on the capacitance that needs to be driven by the amplifier and the bandwidth required. 5 mA is
recommended for capacitance of 12 pF and pixel rates up to 20 MHz.

Figure 6 - Typical Output Structure Load Diagram

(For operation of up to 10 MHz)

KAF-4301E

Eastman Kodak Company - Image Sensor Solutions

For the most current information regarding this product:

Phone: (585) 722-4385 Fax: (585) 722-4947 Web: www.kodak.com/go/imagers E-mail: imagers@kodak.com

Revision No. 2

3.3 AC Clock Level Conditions

Min. Nom. Max. Units Pin

Impedance

V1 Vertical Clock - Phase 1

Low

-8.5

-8.0

-7.8

700 nf, 10M

High

1.0

2.0 V

V2 Vertical Clock - Phase 2

Low

-8.5

-8.0

-7.8

800 nf, 10M

High

1.0

2.0 V

H1 Horizontal Clock - Phase 1

Low

-2.2

-2.0

-1.8

1200 pf, 10M

High

7.8

+8.0

8.2 V

H2 Horizontal Clock - Phase 2

Low

-2.2

-2.0

-1.8

1200 pf, 10M

High

7.8

+8.0

8.2 V

Reset Clock

Low

2.0

3.0

3.5

10 pF, 10M

High

9.5

10.0

11.0

Using the High Gain

Output (Vout 2)

Using the High

Dynamic Range Output

(Vout1)

Min. Nom. Max. Min. Nom. Max. Units Pin

Impedance

H21

Horizontal Clock -
Phase 1

Low -4

H2
low

low

10 pF, 10M

High

-4

low

H2 V

H22

Horizontal Clock -
Phase 2

Low

H2 -4

low

10 pF, 10M

High

H2 -4

low

Note: When using Vout1

H21 is clocked identically with H2 while H22 is held at a static level. When using Vout2 H21 and H22 are

exchanged so that

H22 is identical to H2 and H21 is held at a static level. The static level should be the same voltage as H2 low.

Note: The AC and DC operating levels are for room temperature operation. Operation at other temperatures may require adjustments of
these voltages. Pins shown with impedances greater than 1 MOhm are expected resistances. These pins are only verified to 1 MOhm.

Note:

V1,2 and H 1,2 capacitances are accumulated gate oxide capacitance, and so are an over-estimate of the capacitance.

Note: This device is suitable for a wide range of applications requiring a variety of different operating conditions. Consult Eastman Kodak
in those situations in which operating conditions meet or exceed minimum or maximum levels.

KAF-4301E

Eastman Kodak Company - Image Sensor Solutions

For the most current information regarding this product:

Phone: (585) 722-4385 Fax: (585) 722-4947 Web: www.kodak.com/go/imagers E-mail: imagers@kodak.com

Revision No. 2

3.4 AC Timing Chart

Description Symbol

Min.

Nom.

Max.

Units

Notes

fH1, fH2 Clock Frequency

2.5

MHz

1, 2, 3

Pixel Period

pix

400

1000

fH1, fH2 Setup Time

0.5 1

�s

fV1 Clock Pulse Width

100

�s 2

fV2 Clock Pulse Width

150

�s 2

fV2, V1 Clock Pulse Overlap

150

�s 2

Reset Clock Pulse Width

20 60 ns 4

Readout Time

readout

1751

5320

Notes:
1. 50% duty cycle values.

CTE may degrade above the nominal frequency.

Rise and fall times (10/90% levels) should be limited to 5-10% of clock period. Crossover of register clocks should be
between 40-60% of amplitude.

R should be clocked continuously

readout

= (2092 * t

line

)

Integration time (t

int

) is user specified. Longer integration times will degrade noise performance due to dark signal fixed

pattern and shot noise

line

= (3 * t

) + t

+ 2102 * t

pix

+ t

pix

KAF-4301E

Eastman Kodak Company - Image Sensor Solutions

For the most current information regarding this product:

Phone: (585) 722-4385 Fax: (585) 722-4947 Web: www.kodak.com/go/imagers E-mail: imagers@kodak.com

Revision No. 2

5.0 Quality Assurance and Reliability

5.1

Quality Strategy: All image sensors will conform to the specifications stated in this document. This will be
accomplished through a combination of statistical process control and inspection at key points of the production
process. Typical specification limits are not guaranteed but provided as a design target. For further information refer
to ISS Application Note MTD/PS-0292, Quality and Reliability.

5.2

Replacement: All devices are warranted against failure in accordance with the terms of Terms of Sale. This does not
include failure due to mechanical and electrical causes defined as the liability of the customer below.

5.3

Liability of the Supplier: A reject is defined as an image sensor that does not meet all of the specifications in this
document upon receipt by the customer

5.4

Liability of the Customer: Damage from mechanical (scratches or breakage), electrical (ESD), or other electrical
misuse of the device beyond the stated absolute maximum ratings, which occurred after receipt of the sensor by the
customer, shall be the responsibility of the customer.

5.5

Cleanliness: Devices are shipped free of mobile contamination inside the package cavity. Immovable particles and
scratches that are within the imager pixel area and the corresponding cover glass region directly above the pixel sites
are also not allowed. The cover glass is highly susceptible to particles and other contamination. Touching the cover
glass must be avoided. See ISS Application Note DS 00-009, Cover Glass Cleaning, for further information.

5.6

ESD Precautions: Devices are shipped in static-safe containers and should only be handled at static-safe
workstations. See ISS Application Note MTD/PS-0224 for handling recommendations.

5.7

Reliability: Information concerning the quality assurance and reliability testing procedures and results are available
from the Image Sensor Solutions and can be supplied upon request. For further information refer to ISS Application
Note MTD/PS-0292, Quality and Reliability.

5.8

Test Data Retention: Image sensors shall have an identifying number traceable to a test data file. Test data shall be
kept for a period of 2 years after date of delivery.

5.9

Mechanical: The device assembly drawing is provided as a reference. The device will conform to the published
package tolerances.

Электронный компонент: KAF-4301E