DEVICES INCORPORATED
LF43881
8 x 8-bit Digital Filter
Video Imaging Products
08/16/2000LDS.43881-J
1
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u 25 MHz Maximum Sampling Rate
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u 320 MHz Multiply-Accumulate Rate
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u 8 Filter Cells
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u 8-bit Unsigned or Two's Complement
Data
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u 8-bit Unsigned or Two's Complement
Coefficients
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u 26-bit Data Outputs
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u Shift-and-Add Output Stage for
Combining Filter Outputs
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u Expandable Data Size, Coefficient
Size, and Filter Length
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u User-Selectable 2:1, 3:1, or 4:1
Decimation
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u Replaces Harris HSP43881
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u 84-pin PLCC, J-Lead
FEATURES
DESCRIPTION
LF43881
8 x 8-bit Digital Filter
DEVICES INCORPORATED
The LF43881 is a video-speed digital
filter that contains eight filter cells
(taps) cascaded internally and a shift-
and-add output stage. An 8 x 8
multiplier, three decimation registers,
and a 26-bit accumulator are con-
tained in each filter cell. The output
stage of the LF43881 contains a 26-bit
accumulator which can add the
contents of any filter stage to the
output stage accumulator shifted right
by 8 bits. 8-bit unsigned or two's
complement format for data and
coefficients can be independently
selected.
Expanded coefficients and word sizes
can be processed by cascading mul-
tiple LF43881s to implement larger
filter lengths without affecting the
sample rate. By reducing the sample
rate, a single LF43881 can process
larger filter lengths by using multiple
passes. The sampling rate can range
from 0 to 40 MHz. Over 1000 taps
may be processed without overflows
due to the architecture of the device.
The output sample rate can be re-
duced to one-half, one-third, or one-
fourth the input sample rate by using
the three decimation registers con-
tained in every filter cell. Matrix
multiplication, N x N spatial correla-
tions/convolutions, and other 2-D
operations for image processing can
also be achieved using these registers.
LF43881 B
LOCK
D
IAGRAM
FILTER
CELL 0
FILTER
CELL 1
8
FILTER
CELL 2
8
8
FILTER
CELL 3
8
FILTER
CELL 4
8
FILTER
CELL 5
8
FILTER
CELL 6
8
FILTER
CELL 7
8
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
8
MUX
5
DIN
7-0
TCS
DIENB, CIENB,
ERASE, DCM
1-0
TCCI
CIN
7-0
ADR
2-0
3
OUTPUT
STAGE
26
26
SHADD
SENBL
SENBH
SUM
25-0
8
TCCO
COUT
7-0
COENB
TO ALL REGISTERS
CLK
TO ALL CELLS
RESET
DEVICES INCORPORATED
LF43881
8 x 8-bit Digital Filter
Video Imaging Products
08/16/2000LDS.43881-J
2
F
IGURE
1.
F
ILTER
C
ELL
D
IAGRAM
C REG
LD
D1 REG
LD
D2 REG
LD
D3 REG
LD
DCM
0
.D
DCM
1
.D
CIENB.D
TCCI
CIN
7-0
CIN
7
TCCO
COUT
7-0
COENB
TRI-STATE BUFFERS
ON FILTER CELL 7 ONLY
C
7-0
B
C.TCCI
D
7-0
D.TCCI
MUX
1
0
MUX
1
0
M REG0
M REG1
C
8-0
X REG
LD
TCS
DIN
7-0
DIN
7
X
8-0
DIENB.D
SIGN EXTENSION
25-18
17-0
ACCUMULATOR
T REG
D
Q
RESET.D
ERASE.D
CELL n
ACC
25-0
ACC.D
25-0
CELL n
DCM
1
DCM
0
RESET
DIENB
CIENB
ADR
0
ADR
1
ADR
2
ERASE
DCM
1
.D
DCM
0
.D
RESET.D
DIENB.D
CIENB.D
ADR
0
.D
ADR
1
.D
ADR
2
.D
ERASE.D
LATCHES
DECODER
ADR
0
ADR
1
ADR
2
CELL 0
CELL 1
CELL 6
CELL 2
CELL 3
CELL 4
CELL 5
CELL 7
AOUT
25-0
CLK
TO ALL REGISTERS
RESET.D
TO ALL REGISTERS (EXCEPT ACCUMULATOR AND T-REGISTER)
LD
DEVICES INCORPORATED
LF43881
8 x 8-bit Digital Filter
Video Imaging Products
08/16/2000LDS.43881-J
3
FILTER CELL DESCRIPTION
8-bit coefficients are loaded into the
C register (CIN
7-0
) and are output as
COUT
7-0
(the COENB signal enables
the COUT
7-0
outputs). The path
taken by the coefficients varies
according to the decimation mode
chosen. With no decimation, the
coefficients move directly from the
C register, bypassing all decimation
registers, and are available at the
output on the following clock cycle.
When decimation is chosen, the
coefficient output is delayed by 1, 2,
or 3 clock cycles depending on how
many decimation registers the
coefficients pass through (D1, D2, or
D3). The number of decimation
registers the coefficients pass
through is determined by DCM
1-0
.
Refer to Table 1 for choosing a
decimation mode.
CIENB enables the C and D registers
for coefficient loading. The registers
are loaded on the rising edge of CLK
when CIENB is LOW. CIENB is
latched and delayed internally which
enables the registers for loading one
clock cycle after CIENB goes active
(loading takes place on the second
rising edge of CLK after CIENB goes
LOW). Therefore, CIENB must be
LOW one clock cycle before the
coefficients are placed on the CIN
7-0
inputs. The coefficients are held when
CIENB is HIGH.
DIENB enables the X register for the
loading of data. The X register is
loaded on the rising edge of CLK
when DIENB is LOW. DIENB is
latched and delayed internally (load-
ing takes place on the second rising
edge of CLK after DIENB goes LOW).
Therefore, DIENB must be LOW one
clock cycle before the data is placed on
the DIN
7-0
inputs. The X register is
loaded with all zeros when DIENB is
HIGH.
The output of the C register (C
8-0
) and
X register (X
8-0
) provide the inputs of
the 8 x 8 multiplier. The multiplier is
followed by two pipeline registers,
registers in the device to be cleared
together. RESET and ERASE are
latched and delayed internally caus-
ing the clearing to occur on the second
clock cycle after RESET and ERASE go
active.
The second method, when only
ERASE is LOW, clears a single accu-
mulator of a selected cell. The cell is
selected using the ADR
2-0
inputs
(decoded to Cell n). ERASE is latched
and delayed internally causing the
clearing to occur on the second clock
cycle after ERASE goes active. Refer
to Table 2 for clearing registers and
accumulators.
F
IGURE
2.
O
UTPUT
S
TAGE
D
IAGRAM
M REG0 and M REG1. The output of
the multiplier is sign extended and is
used as one of the inputs to the 26-bit
adder. The output of the 26-bit
accumulator provides the second
input to the adder. Both the accumu-
lator and T register are loaded simul-
taneously with the output of the
adder.
The accumulator is loaded with the
output of the adder on every clock
cycle unless cleared. Clearing the
accumulator can be achieved using
two methods. The first method, when
both RESET and ERASE are LOW,
causes all accumulators and all
CELL RESULT
MUX
26
26
26
26
26
OUTPUT
BUFFER
17-0
SIGN
EXTENSION
25-18
26
ZERO
MUX
D
Q
0
18
17-0
SHADD
0
1
OUTPUT
MUX
0
1
D
Q
25-8
TRI-STATE
BUFFER
26
26
SENBL
SENBH
2
CLK
RESET.D
TO ALL REGISTERS
TO ALL REGISTERS
ADR
2-0
.D
26
26
26
26
26
DEVICES INCORPORATED
LF43881
8 x 8-bit Digital Filter
Video Imaging Products
08/16/2000LDS.43881-J
4
OUTPUT STAGE DESCRIPTION
The 26-bit adder contained in the
output stage can add the contents of
any filter cell accumulator (selected by
ADR
2-0
) with the 18 most significant
bits of the output buffer. The result is
stored back into the output buffer.
The complete operation takes only one
clock cycle. The eight least significant
bits of the output buffer are lost.
The Zero multiplexer is controlled by
the SHADD input signal. This allows
selection of either the 18 most signifi-
cant bits of the output buffer or all
zeros for the adder input. When
SHADD is LOW, all zeros will be
selected. When SHADD is HIGH, the
18 most significant bits of the output
buffer are selected enabling the shift-
and-add operation. SHADD is
latched and delayed internally by one
clock cycle.
The output multiplexer is also con-
trolled by the SHADD input signal.
This allows selection of either a filter
cell accumulator, selected by ADR
2-0
,
or the output buffer to be output to
the SUM
25-0
bus. Only the 26 least
significant bits from either a filter cell
accumulator or the output buffer are
output on SUM
25-0
. If SHADD is
LOW during two consecutive clock
cycles (low during the current and
previous clock cycle), the output
multiplexer selects the contents of a
filter cell accumulator addressed by
ADR
2-0
. Otherwise, the output
multiplexer selects the contents of the
output buffer.
If the same address remains on the
ADR
2-0
inputs for more than one clock
cycle, SUM
25-0
will not change to
reflect any updates to the addressed
cell accumulator. Only the result from
the first selection of the cell (first clock
cycle) will be output. This allows the
interface of slow memory devices
where the output needs to be active
for more than one clock cycle. Normal
FIR operation is not affected because
ADR
2-0
is changed sequentially.
NUMBER SYSTEMS
Data and coefficients can be repre-
sented as either unsigned or two's
complement numbers. The TCS and
TCCI inputs determine which of the
two formats is to be used. All values
are represented as 9-bit two's comple-
ment numbers internally. The value
of the ninth bit is determined by the
number system selected. The ninth bit
is a sign extended bit when the two's
complement mode is chosen. When
the unsigned mode is chosen, the
ninth bit is zero.
SIGNAL DEFINITIONS
Power
V
CC
and GND
+5 V power supply. All pins must be
connected.
Clock
CLK -- Master Clock
The rising edge of CLK strobes all
registers. All timing specifications are
referenced to the rising edge of CLK.
Inputs
DIN
7-0
-- Data Input
8-bit data is latched into the X register
of each filter cell simultaneously. The
TCS signal selects the appropriate
data format type. The DIENB signal
enables loading of the data.
CIN
7-0
-- Coefficient Input
8-bit coefficients are latched into the C
register of Filter Cell 0. The TCCI
signal selects the appropriate coeffi-
cient format type. The CIENB signal
enables loading of the coefficients.
Outputs
SUM
25-0
-- Data Output
The 26-bit result from an individual
filter cell will appear when ADR
2-0
is
used to select the filter cell result.
SHADD in conjunction with ADR
2-0
is
used to select the output from the
shift-and-add output stage.
COUT
7-0
-- Coefficient Output
The 8-bit coefficient output from
Filter Cell 7 can be connected to the
CIN
7-0
coefficient input of the same
LF43881 to recirculate the coefficients.
COUT
7-0
can also be connected to the
CIN
7-0
of another LF43881 to cascade
the devices. The COENB signal
enables the output of the coefficients.
DCM1
DCM0
Decimation Function
0
0
Decimation registers not used
0
1
One decimation register used (decimation by one-half)
1
0
Two decimation registers used (decimation by one-third)
1
1
Three decimation registers used (decimation by one-fourth)
T
ABLE
1.
D
ECIMATION
M
ODE
S
ELECTION
ERASE
RESET
Clearing Effect
0
0
All accumulators and all registers are cleared
0
1
Only the accumulator addressed by ADR2-0 is cleared
1
0
All registers are cleared (accumulators are not cleared)
1
1
No clearing occurs, internal state remains the same
T
ABLE
2.
R
EGISTER
AND
A
CCUMULATOR
C
LEARING
DEVICES INCORPORATED
LF43881
8 x 8-bit Digital Filter
Video Imaging Products
08/16/2000LDS.43881-J
5
Controls
TCS -- Data Format Control
The TCS input determines the inter-
pretation of the input data. When
TCS is HIGH, two's complement
arithmetic is used. When TCS is
LOW, unsigned arithmetic is used.
TCCI -- Coefficient Input Format Control
The TCCI input determines the
interpretation of the coefficients.
When TCCI is HIGH, two's comple-
ment arithmetic is used. When TCCI
is LOW, unsigned arithmetic is used.
TCCO -- Coefficient Output Format
The TCCO output shows the format of
the COUT
7-0
coefficient output.
TCCO follows the TCCI input. When
cascading multiple LF43881s, the
TCCO output of one device should be
connected to the TCCI input of
another device. The COENB signal
enables TCCO.
DIENB -- Data Input Enable
The DIENB input enables the X
register of every filter cell. While
DIENB is LOW, the X registers are
loaded with the data present at the
DIN
7-0
inputs on the rising edge of
CLK. While DIENB is HIGH, all bits
of DIN
7-0
are forced to zero and a
rising edge of CLK will load the X
register of every filter cell with all
zeros. DIENB must be low one clock
cycle prior to presenting the input
data on the DIN
7-0
input since it is
latched and delayed internally.
CIENB -- Coefficient Input Enable
The CIENB input enables the C and D
registers of every filter cell. While
CIENB is LOW, the C and appropriate
D registers are loaded with the
coefficient data on the rising edge of
CLK. While CIENB is HIGH, the
contents of the C and D registers are
held and the CLK signal is ignored.
By using CIENB in its active state,
coefficient data can be shifted from
cell to cell. CIENB must be low one
clock cycle prior to presenting the
coefficient data on the CIN
7-0
input
since it is latched and delayed inter-
nally.
COENB -- Coefficient Output Enable
The COENB input enables the
COUT
7-0
and TCCO outputs. When
COENB is LOW, the outputs are
enabled. When COENB is HIGH, the
outputs are placed in a high-imped-
ance state.
DCM
1-0
-- Decimation Control
The DCM
1-0
inputs select the num-
ber of decimation registers to use
(Table 1). Coefficients are passed
from one cell to another at a rate
determined by DCM
1-0
. When no
decimation registers are selected,
the coefficients are passed from cell
to cell on every rising edge of CLK
(no decimation). When one decima-
tion register is selected, the coeffi-
cients are passed from cell to cell on
every other rising edge of CLK (2:1
decimation). When two decimation
registers are selected, the coeffi-
cients are passed from cell to cell on
every third rising edge of CLK (3:1
decimation) and so on. DCM
1-0
is
latched and delayed internally.
ADR
2-0
-- Cell Accumulator Select
The ADR
2-0
inputs select which cell's
accumulator will available at the
SUM
25-0
output or added to the
output stage accumulator. In both
cases, ADR
2-0
is latched and delayed
by one clock cycle. If the same
address remains on the ADR
2-0
inputs
for more than one clock cycle,
SUM
25-0
will not change if the con-
tents of the accumulator changes.
Only the result from the first selection
of the cell (first clock cycle) by ADR
2-0
will be available. ADR
2-0
is also used
to select which accumulator to clear
when ERASE is LOW.
SENBH -- MSB Output Enable
When SENBH is LOW, SUM
25-16
is
enabled. When SENBH is HIGH,
SUM
25-16
is placed in a high-imped-
ance state.
SENBL -- LSB Output Enable
When SENBL is LOW, SUM
15-0
is
enabled. When SENBL is HIGH,
SUM
15-0
is placed in a high-imped-
ance state.
RESET -- Register Reset Control
When RESET is LOW, all registers are
cleared simultaneously except the cell
accumulators. RESET can be used
with ERASE to clear all cell accumula-
tors. RESET is latched and delayed
internally. Refer to Table 2.
ERASE -- Accumulator Erase Control
When ERASE is LOW, the cell accu-
mulator specified by ADR
2-0
is
cleared. When RESET is LOW in
conjunction with ERASE, all cell
accumulators are cleared. Refer to
Table 2.
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