2002 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS21455B-page 1

TC7106/A/TC7107/A

Features

· Internal Reference with Low Temperature Drift

- TC7106/7: 80ppm/°C Typical

- TC7106A/7A: 20ppm/°C Typical

· Drives LCD (TC7106) or LED (TC7107)

Display Directly

· Zero Reading with Zero Input

· Low Noise for Stable Display

· Auto-Zero Cycle Eliminates Need for Zero

Adjustment

· True Polarity Indication for Precision Null

Applications

· Convenient 9V Battery Operation (TC7106A)

· High Impedance CMOS Differential Inputs: 10

· Differential Reference Inputs Simplify Ratiometric

Measurements

· Low Power Operation: 10mW

Applications

· Thermometry

· Bridge Readouts: Strain Gauges, Load Cells, Null

Detectors

· Digital Meters: Voltage/Current/Ohms/Power, pH

· Digital Scales, Process Monitors

· Portable Instrumentation

Device Selection Table

General Description

The TC7106A and TC7107A 3-1/2 digit direct display
drive analog-to-digital converters allow existing 7106/
7107 based systems to be upgraded. Each device has
a precision reference with a 20ppm/°C max tempera-
ture coefficient. This represents a 4 to 7 times improve-
ment over similar 3-1/2 digit converters. Existing 7106
and 7107 based systems may be upgraded without
changing external passive component values. The
TC7107A drives common anode light emitting diode
(LED) displays directly with 8mA per segment. A low
cost, high resolution indicating meter requires only a
display,

four

resistors,

and

four

capacitors.The

TC7106A low power drain and 9V battery operation
make it suitable for portable applications.

The TC7106A/TC7107A reduces linearity error to less
than 1 count. Rollover error the difference in readings
for equal magnitude, but opposite polarity input signals,
is below ±1 count. High impedance differential inputs
offer 1pA leakage current and a 10

input imped-

ance. The differential reference input allows ratiometric
measurements for ohms or bridge transducer mea-
surements. The 15

noise performance ensures a

"rock solid" reading. The auto-zero cycle ensures a
zero display reading with a zero volts input.

Package

Code

Package

Pin Layout

Temperature

Range

CPI

40-Pin PDIP

Normal

C to +70

IPL

40-Pin PDIP

Normal

-25

C to +85

IJL

40-Pin CERDIP

Normal

-25

C to +85

CKW

44-Pin PQFP

Formed Leads

C to +70

CLW

44-Pin PLCC

C to +70

3-1/2 Digit Analog-to-Digital Converters

TC7106/A/TC7107/A

DS21455B-page 2

2002 Microchip Technology Inc.

Package Type

TC7106ACPL

TC7107AIPL

44-Pin PLCC

44-Pin PQFP

40-Pin CERDIP

40-Pin PDIP

OSC1

TEST

REF

ANALOG
COMMON

V+

Normal Pin

Configuration

(Minus Sign)

10's

100's

1000's

(7106A/7107A)

100's

OSC2

OSC3

REF

BUFF

INT

V-

BP/GND

POL

TC7106AIJL
TC7107AIJL

100's

1000's

100's

Reverse

Configuration

1's

V+

POL

1's

10's

OSC1

TEST

REF

ANALOG

COMMON

OSC2

OSC3

REF

BUFF

INT

V-

BP/GND

(7106A/7107A)

TEST

OSC3

OSC2

OSC1

V+

REF HI

TC7106ACKW
TC7107ACKW

REF LO

REF

COM

IN HI

IN LO

A/Z

BUFF

INT

V-

BP/GND

POL

REF LO

REF

TC7106ACLW
TC7107ACLW

V+

OSC1

OSC2

OSC3

TEST

REF HI

POL

BP/GND

REF

COMMON

IN HI

IN LO

A/Z

BUFF

INT

V-

TC7106/A/TC7107/A

DS21455B-page 4

2002 Microchip Technology Inc.

1.0

ELECTRICAL
CHARACTERISTICS

Absolute Maximum Ratings*

TC7106A

Supply Voltage (V+ to V-) ....................................... 15V
Analog Input Voltage (either Input) (Note 1) ... V+ to V-
Reference Input Voltage (either Input) ............ V+ to V-
Clock Input ................................................... Test to V+
Package Power Dissipation (T

70°C) (Note 2):

40-Pin CERDIP .......................................2.29W
40-Pin PDIP ............................................1.23W
44-Pin PLCC ...........................................1.23W
44-Pin PQFP ...........................................1.00W

Operating Temperature Range:

C (Commercial) Devices .............. 0°C to +70°C
I (Industrial) Devices ................ -25°C to +85°C

Storage Temperature Range .............. -65°C to +150°C

TC7107A

Supply Voltage (V+) ...............................................+6V
Supply Voltage (V-)..................................................-9V
Analog Input Voltage (either Input) (Note 1) ... V+ to V-
Reference Input Voltage (either Input) ............ V+ to V-
Clock Input ..................................................GND to V+
Package Power Dissipation (T

70°C) (Note 2):

40-Pin CERDip ........................................2.29W
40-Pin PDIP ............................................1.23W
44-Pin PLCC ...........................................1.23W
44-Pin PQFP ...........................................1.00W

Operating Temperature Range:

C (Commercial) Devices .............. 0°C to +70°C
I (Industrial) Devices ................ -25°C to +85°C

Storage Temperature Range .............. -65°C to +150°C

*Stresses above those listed under "Absolute Maximum
Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These
are stress ratings only and functional operation of the device
at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the
operation sections of the specifications is not implied.
Exposure to Absolute Maximum Rating conditions for
extended periods may affect device reliability.

TC7106/A AND TC7107/A ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Electrical Characteristics: Unless otherwise noted, specifications apply to both the TC7106/A and TC7107/A at T

= 25°C,

CLOCK

= 48kHz. Parts are tested in the circuit of the Typical Operating Circuit.

Symbol

Parameter

Min

Typ

Max

Unit

Test Conditions

Zero Input Reading

-000.0

±000.0

+000.0

Digital

Reading

= 0.0V

Full Scale = 200.0mV

Ratiometric Reading

999

999/1000

1000

Digital

Reading

= V

REF

= 100mV

R/O

Rollover Error (Difference in Reading for
Equal Positive and Negative
Reading Near Full Scale)

-1

±0.2

Counts

- = + V

200mV

Linearity (Max. Deviation from Best
Straight Line Fit)

-1

±0.2

Counts

Full Scale = 200mV or
Full Scale = 2.000V

Note

Input voltages may exceed the supply voltages, provided the input current is limited to ±100

Dissipation rating assumes device is mounted with all leads soldered to printed circuit board.

Refer to "Differential Input" discussion.

Backplane drive is in phase with segment drive for "OFF" segment, 180° out of phase for "ON" segment.
Frequency is 20 times conversion rate. Average DC component is less than 50mV.

2002 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS21455B-page 5

TC7106/A/TC7107/A

CMRR

Common Mode Rejection Ratio (Note 3)

V/V

= ±1V, V

= 0V,

Full Scale = 200.0mV

Noise (Peak to Peak Value not Exceeded
95% of Time)

= 0V

Full Scale - 200.0mV

Leakage Current at Input

= 0V

Zero Reading Drift

0.2

V/°C

= 0V

"C" Device = 0°C to +70°C

1.0

V/°C

= 0V

"I" Device = -25°C to +85°C

Scale Factor Temperature Coefficient

ppm/°C

= 199.0mV,

"C" Device = 0°C to +70°C
(Ext. Ref = 0ppm°C)

ppm/°C

= 199.0mV

"I" Device = -25°C to +85°C

Supply Current (Does not include LED
Current For TC7107/A)

0.8

1.8

= 0.8

Analog Common Voltage
(with Respect to Positive Supply)

2.7

3.05

3.35

25k

Between Common and

Positive Supply

CTC

Temperature Coefficient of Analog
Common (with Respect to Positive Supply)

25k

Between Common and

Positive Supply

7106/7/A

7106/7

20
80

50
--

ppm/°C
ppm/°C

0°C

+70°C

("C" Commercial Temperature
Range Devices)

CTC

Temperature Coefficient of Analog
Common (with Respect to Positive Supply)

ppm/°C

0°C

+70°C

("I" Industrial Temperature
Range Devices)

TC7106A ONLY Peak to Peak
Segment Drive Voltage

V+ to V- = 9V
(Note 4)

TC7106A ONLY Peak to Peak
Backplane Drive Voltage

V+ to V- = 9V
(Note 4)

TC7107A ONLY
Segment Sinking Current (Except Pin 19)

8.0

V+ = 5.0V
Segment Voltage = 3V

TC7107A ONLY
Segment Sinking Current (Pin 19)

V+ = 5.0V
Segment Voltage = 3V

TC7106/A AND TC7107/A ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS (CONTINUED)

Electrical Characteristics: Unless otherwise noted, specifications apply to both the TC7106/A and TC7107/A at T

= 25°C,

CLOCK

= 48kHz. Parts are tested in the circuit of the Typical Operating Circuit.

Symbol

Parameter

Min

Typ

Max

Unit

Test Conditions

Note

Input voltages may exceed the supply voltages, provided the input current is limited to ±100

Dissipation rating assumes device is mounted with all leads soldered to printed circuit board.

Refer to "Differential Input" discussion.

Backplane drive is in phase with segment drive for "OFF" segment, 180° out of phase for "ON" segment.
Frequency is 20 times conversion rate. Average DC component is less than 50mV.

TC7106/A/TC7107/A

DS21455B-page 6

2002 Microchip Technology Inc.

2.0

PIN DESCRIPTIONS

The descriptions of the pins are listed in Table 2-1.

TABLE 2-1:

PIN FUNCTION TABLE

Pin Number

(40-Pin PDIP)

Normal

Pin No.

(40-Pin PDIP)

(Reversed

Symbol

Description

(40)

V+

Positive supply voltage.

(39)

Activates the D section of the units display.

(38)

Activates the C section of the units display.

(37)

Activates the B section of the units display.

(36)

Activates the A section of the units display.

(35)

Activates the F section of the units display.

(34)

Activates the G section of the units display.

(33)

Activates the E section of the units display.

(32)

Activates the D section of the tens display.

(31)

Activates the C section of the tens display.

(30)

Activates the B section of the tens display.

(29)

Activates the A section of the tens display.

(28)

Activates the F section of the tens display.

(27)

Activates the E section of the tens display.

(26)

Activates the D section of the hundreds display.

(25)

Activates the B section of the hundreds display.

(24)

Activates the F section of the hundreds display.

(23)

Activates the E section of the hundreds display.

(22)

Activates both halves of the 1 in the thousands display.

(21)

POL

Activates the negative polarity display.

(20)

BP/GND

LCD Backplane drive output (TC7106A). Digital Ground (TC7107A).

(19)

Activates the G section of the hundreds display.

(18)

Activates the A section of the hundreds display.

(17)

Activates the C section of the hundreds display.

(16)

Activates the G section of the tens display.

(15)

V-

Negative power supply voltage.

(14)

INT

Integrator output. Connection point for integration capacitor. See INTEGRATING
CAPACITOR section for more details.

(13)

BUFF

Integration resistor connection. Use a 47k

resistor for a 200mV full scale range and

a 47k

resistor for 2V full scale range.

(12)

The size of the auto-zero capacitor influences system noise. Use a 0.47

F capacitor

for 200mV full scale, and a 0.047

F capacitor for 2V full scale. See Section 7.1 on

Auto-Zero Capacitor for more details.

(11)

The analog LOW input is connected to this pin.

(10)

The analog HIGH input signal is connected to this pin.

(9)

ANALOG

COMMON

This pin is primarily used to set the Analog Common mode voltage for battery opera-
tion or in systems where the input signal is referenced to the power supply. It also
acts as a reference voltage source. See Section 8.3 on ANALOG COMMON for more
details.

(8)

REF

See Pin 34.

(7)

REF

A 0.1

F capacitor is used in most applications. If a large Common mode voltage

exists (for example, the V

- pin is not at analog common), and a 200mV scale is

used, a 1

F capacitor is recommended and will hold the rollover error to 0.5 count.

(6)

REF

See Pin 36.

2002 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS21455B-page 7

TC7106/A/TC7107/A

(5)

REF

The analog input required to generate a full scale output (1999 counts). Place 100mV
between Pins 35 and 36 for 199.9mV full scale. Place 1V between Pins 35 and 36 for
2V full scale. See paragraph on Reference Voltage.

(4)

TEST

Lamp test. When pulled HIGH (to V+) all segments will be turned on and the display
should read -1888. It may also be used as a negative supply for externally generated
decimal points. See paragraph under TEST for additional information.

(3)

OSC3

See Pin 40.

(2)

OSC2

See Pin 40.

(1)

OSC1

Pins 40, 39, 38 make up the oscillator section. For a 48kHz clock (3 readings per
section), connect Pin 40 to the junction of a 100k

resistor and a 100pF capacitor.

The 100k

resistor is tied to Pin 39 and the 100pF capacitor is tied to Pin 38.

TABLE 2-1:

PIN FUNCTION TABLE (CONTINUED)

Pin Number

(40-Pin PDIP)

Normal

Pin No.

(40-Pin PDIP)

(Reversed

Symbol

Description

TC7106/A/TC7107/A

DS21455B-page 8

2002 Microchip Technology Inc.

3.0

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(All Pin designations refer to 40-Pin PDIP.)

3.1

Dual Slope Conversion Principles

The TC7106A and TC7107A are dual slope, integrating
analog-to-digital converters. An understanding of the
dual slope conversion technique will aid in following the
detailed operation theory.

The conventional dual slope converter measurement
cycle has two distinct phases:

· Input Signal Integration

· Reference Voltage Integration (De-integration)

The input signal being converted is integrated for a
fixed time period (T

). Time is measured by counting

clock pulses. An opposite polarity constant reference
voltage is then integrated until the integrator output
voltage returns to zero. The reference integration time
is directly proportional to the input signal (T

). See

Figure 3-1.

FIGURE 3-1:

BASIC DUAL SLOPE
CONVERTER

In a simple dual slope converter, a complete conver-
sion requires the integrator output to "ramp-up" and
"ramp-down." A simple mathematical equation relates
the input signal, reference voltage and integration time

EQUATION 3-1:

For a constant V

EQUATION 3-2:

The dual slope converter accuracy is unrelated to the
integrating resistor and capacitor values as long as
they are stable during a measurement cycle. An inher-
ent benefit is noise immunity. Noise spikes are inte-
grated or averaged to zero during the integration
periods. Integrating ADCs are immune to the large con-
version errors that plague successive approximation
converters in high noise environments. Interfering sig-
nals with frequency components at multiples of the
averaging period will be attenuated. Integrating ADCs
commonly operate with the signal integration period set
to a multiple of the 50/60Hz power line period (see
Figure 3-2).

FIGURE 3-2:

NORMAL MODE
REJECTION OF DUAL
SLOPE CONVERTER

REF

Voltage

Analog

Input

Signal

DISPLAY

Switch

Driver

Control

Logic

Integrator

Output

Clock

Counter

Polarity Control

Phase

Control

REF

1/2 V

REF

Variable
Reference
Integrate
Time

Fixed

Signal

Integrate

Time

Integrator

Comparator

(t)dt =

Where:

= Reference voltage

= Signal integration time (fixed)

= Reference voltage integration time (variable).

= V

Normal Mode Rejection (dB)

0.1/T

1/T

10/T

Input Frequency

T = Measured Period

2002 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS21455B-page 9

TC7106/A/TC7107/A

4.0

ANALOG SECTION

In addition to the basic signal integrate and de-
integrate cycles discussed, the circuit incorporates an
auto-zero cycle. This cycle removes buffer amplifier,
integrator, and comparator offset voltage error terms
from the conversion. A true digital zero reading results
without adjusting external potentiometers. A complete
conversion consists of three cycles: an auto-zero,
signal integrate and reference integrate cycle.

4.1

Auto-Zero Cycle

During the auto-zero cycle, the differential input signal
is disconnected from the circuit by opening internal
analog gates. The internal nodes are shorted to analog
common (ground) to establish a zero input condition.
Additional analog gates close a feedback loop around
the integrator and comparator. This loop permits com-
parator offset voltage error compensation. The voltage
level established on C

compensates for device offset

voltages. The offset error referred to the input is less
than 10

The auto-zero cycle length is 1000 to 3000 counts.

4.2

Signal Integrate Cycle

The auto-zero loop is entered and the internal differen-
tial inputs connect to V

+ and V

-. The differential

input signal is integrated for a fixed time period. The
TC7136/A signal integration period is 1000 clock peri-
ods or counts. The externally set clock frequency is
divided by four before clocking the internal counters.

The integration time period is:

EQUATION 4-1:

The differential input voltage must be within the device
Common mode range when the converter and mea-
sured system share the same power supply common
(ground). If the converter and measured system do not
share the same power supply common, V

- should be

tied to analog common.

Polarity is determined at the end of signal integrate
phase. The sign bit is a true polarity indication, in that
signals less than 1LSB are correctly determined. This
allows precision null detection limited only by device
noise and auto-zero residual offsets.

4.3

Reference Integrate Phase

The third phase is reference integrate or de-integrate.
V

- is internally connected to analog common and

+ is connected across the previously charged refer-

ence capacitor. Circuitry within the chip ensures that
the capacitor will be connected with the correct polarity
to cause the integrator output to return to zero.

The time required for the output to return to zero is pro-
portional to the input signal and is between 0 and 2000
counts.

The digital reading displayed is:

EQUATION 4-2:

5.0

DIGITAL SECTION (TC7106A)

The TC7106A (Figure 5-2) contains all the segment
drivers necessary to directly drive a 3-1/2 digit liquid
crystal display (LCD). An LCD backplane driver is
included. The backplane frequency is the external
clock frequency divided by 800. For three conversions/
second, the backplane frequency is 60Hz with a 5V
nominal amplitude. When a segment driver is in phase
with the backplane signal, the segment is "OFF." An
out of phase segment drive signal causes the segment
to be "ON" or visible. This AC drive configuration
results in negligible DC voltage across each LCD seg-
ment. This insures long LCD display life. The polarity
segment driver is "ON" for negative analog inputs. If
V

+ and V

- are reversed, this indicator will reverse.

When the TEST pin on the TC7106A is pulled to V+, all
segments are turned "ON." The display reads -1888.
During this mode, the LCD segments have a constant
DC voltage impressed. DO NOT LEAVE THE DIS-
PLAY IN THIS MODE FOR MORE THAN SEVERAL
MINUTES! LCD displays may be destroyed if operated
with DC levels for extended periods.

The display font and the segment drive assignment are
shown in Figure 5-1.

FIGURE 5-1:

DISPLAY FONT AND
SEGMENT ASSIGNMENT

In the TC7106A, an internal digital ground is generated
from a 6-volt zener diode and a large P channel source
follower. This supply is made stiff to absorb the large
capacitive currents when the backplane voltage is
switched.

OSC

x 1000

Where: F

OSC

= external clock frequency.

1000 =

REF

Display Font

1000's

100's

10's

1's

TC7106/A/TC7107/A

DS21455B-page 10

2002 Microchip Technology Inc.

FIGURE 5-2:

TC7106A BLOCK DIAGRAM

TC7106A

Thousands

Hundreds

Tens

Units

OSC2

V+

TES

To Switch Drivers

From Comparator Output

Clock

OSC3

OSC1

Control Logic

500

Data Latch

REF

INT

V+

INT

A/Z

INT

AZ & DE (±)

INT

Integrator

Digital

Section

DE (+)

DE (

)

DE (+)

DE (

)

ANALOG

COMMON

REF

BUFF

INT

REF

A/Z

REF

LCD Segment Drivers

200

Backplane

OSC

V-

= 1V

V-

Internal Digital Ground

Low

Tempco

REF

Comparator

A/Z

V+

3.0V

OSC

7 Segment

Decode

7 Segment

Decode

7 Segment

Decode

Typical Segment Output

Segment

Output

V+

0.5mA

2mA

6.2V

LCD Display

A/Z

Internal Digital Ground

2002 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS21455B-page 11

TC7106/A/TC7107/A

6.0

DIGITAL SECTION (TC7107A)

Figure 6-2 shows a TC7107A block diagram.

It is

designed to drive common anode LEDs. It is identical
to the TC7106A, except that the regulated supply and
backplane drive have been eliminated and the segment
drive is typically 8mA. The 1000's output (Pin 19) sinks
current from two LED segments, and has a 16mA drive
capability.

In both devices, the polarity indication is "ON" for neg-
ative analog inputs. If V

- and V

+ are reversed, this

indication can be reversed also, if desired.

The display font is the same as the TC7106A.

6.1

System Timing

The oscillator frequency is divided by 4 prior to clocking
the internal decade counters. The four-phase mea-
surement cycle takes a total of 4000 counts, or 16,000
clock pulses. The 4000-count cycle is independent of
input signal magnitude.

Each phase of the measurement cycle has the follow-
ing length:

Auto-zero phase: 1000 to 3000 counts (4000 to
12000 clock pulses).

For signals less than full scale, the auto-zero phase is
assigned the unused reference integrate time period:

Signal integrate: 1000 counts (4000 clock
pulses).

This time period is fixed. The integration period is:

EQUATION 6-1:

Reference Integrate: 0 to 2000 counts (0 to 8000
clock pulses).

The TC7106A/7107A are drop-in replacements for the
7106/7107 parts. External component value changes
are not required to benefit from the low drift internal
reference.

6.2

Clock Circuit

Three clocking methods may be used (see Figure 6-1):

An external oscillator connected to Pin 40.

A crystal between Pins 39 and 40.

An RC oscillator using all three pins.

FIGURE 6-1:

CLOCK CIRCUITS

= 4000

OSC

Where: F

OSC

is the externally set clock frequency.

TC7106A
TC7107A

Crystal

RC Network

EXT
OSC

To TEST Pin on TSC7106A
To GND Pin on TSC7107A

To
Counter

2002 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS21455B-page 13

TC7106/A/TC7107/A

7.0

COMPONENT VALUE
SELECTION

7.1

Auto-Zero Capacitor (C

)

The C

capacitor size has some influence on system

noise. A 0.47

F capacitor is recommended for 200mV

full scale applications where 1LSB is 100

V. A 0.047

capacitor is adequate for 2.0V full scale applications. A
mylar type dielectric capacitor is adequate.

7.2

Reference Voltage Capacitor
(C

REF

)

The reference voltage used to ramp the integrator out-
put voltage back to zero during the reference integrate
cycle is stored on C

REF

. A 0.1

F capacitor is acceptable

when V

- is tied to analog common. If a large Common

mode voltage exists (V

REF

- analog common) and the

application requires 200mV full scale, increase C

REF

1.0

F. Rollover error will be held to less than 1/2 count.

A mylar dielectric capacitor is adequate.

7.3

Integrating Capacitor (C

INT

)

INT

should be selected to maximize the integrator out-

put voltage swing without causing output saturation.
Due to the TC7106A/7107A superior temperature coef-
ficient specification, analog common will normally sup-
ply the differential voltage reference. For this case, a
±2V full scale integrator output swing is satisfactory.
For 3 readings/second (F

OSC

= 48kHz), a 0.22

F value

is suggested. If a different oscillator frequency is used,
C

INT

must be changed in inverse proportion to maintain

the nominal ±2V integrator swing.

An exact expression for C

INT

is:

EQUATION 7-1:

INT

must have low dielectric absorption to minimize

rollover error. A polypropylene capacitor is recom-
mended.

7.4

Integrating Resistor (R

INT

)

The input buffer amplifier and integrator are designed
with class A output stages. The output stage idling cur-
rent is 100

A. The integrator and buffer can supply

A drive currents with negligible linearity errors.

INT

is chosen to remain in the output stage linear drive

region, but not so large that printed circuit board leak-
age currents induce errors. For a 200mV full scale,
R

INT

is 47k

. 2.0V full scale requires 470k

Note:

OSC

= 48kHz (3 readings per sec).

7.5

Oscillator Components

OSC

(Pin 40 to Pin 39) should be 100k

. C

OSC

selected using the equation:

EQUATION 7-2:

For F

OSC

of 48kHz, C

OSC

is 100pF nominally.

Note that F

OSC

is divided by four to generate the

TC7106A internal control clock. The backplane drive
signal is derived by dividing F

OSC

by 800.

To achieve maximum rejection of 60Hz noise pickup,
the signal integrate period should be a multiple of
60Hz. Oscillator frequencies of 240kHz, 120kHz,
80kHz, 60kHz, 48kHz, 40kHz, etc. should be selected.
For 50Hz rejection, oscillator frequencies of 200kHz,
100kHz, 66-2/3kHz, 50kHz, 40kHz, etc. would be suit-
able. Note that 40kHz (2.5 readings/second) will reject
both 50Hz and 60Hz.

7.6

Reference Voltage Selection

A full scale reading (2000 counts) requires the input
signal be twice the reference voltage.

* V

= 2V

REF.

In some applications, a scale factor other than unity
may exist between a transducer output voltage and the
required digital reading. Assume, for example, a pres-
sure transducer output is 400mV for 2000 lb/in

Rather than dividing the input voltage by two, the refer-
ence voltage should be set to 200mV. This permits the
transducer input to be used directly.

INT

(4000)

INT

OSC

INT

Where:

OSC

= Clock Frequency at Pin 38

= Full Scale Input Voltage

INT

= Integrating Resistor

INT

= Desired Full Scale Integrator Output Swing

Component

Value

Nominal Full Scale Voltage

200.0mV

2.000V

0.47

0.047

INT

47k

470k

INT

0.22

Required Full Scale Voltage*

REF

200.0mV

100.0mV

2.000V

1.000V

OSC

0.45

TC7106/A/TC7107/A

DS21455B-page 14

2002 Microchip Technology Inc.

The differential reference can also be used when a dig-
ital zero reading is required when V

is not equal to

zero. This is common in temperature measuring instru-
mentation. A compensating offset voltage can be
applied between analog common and V

-. The trans-

ducer output is connected between V

+ and analog

common.

The internal voltage reference potential available at
analog common will normally be used to supply the
converter's reference. This potential is stable when-
ever the supply potential is greater than approximately
7V. In applications where an externally generated ref-
erence voltage is desired, refer to Figure 7-1.

FIGURE 7-1:

EXTERNAL REFERENCE

8.0

DEVICE PIN FUNCTIONAL
DESCRIPTION

8.1

Differential Signal Inputs
V

+ (Pin 31), V

- (Pin 30)

The TC7106A/7017A is designed with true differential
inputs and accepts input signals within the input stage
common mode voltage range (V

). The typical range

is V+ 1.0 to V+ + 1V. Common mode voltages are
removed from the system when the TC7106A/
TC7107A operates from a battery or floating power
source (isolated from measured system) and V

- is

connected to analog common (V

COM

) (see Figure 8-2).

In systems where Common mode voltages exist, the
86dB Common mode rejection ratio minimizes error.
Common mode voltages do, however, affect the inte-
grator output level. Integrator output saturation must be
prevented. A worst case condition exists if a large pos-
itive V

exists in conjunction with a full scale negative

differential signal. The negative signal drives the inte-
grator output positive along with V

(see Figure 8-1).

For such applications the integrator output swing can
be reduced below the recommended 2.0V full scale
swing. The integrator output will swing within 0.3V of
V+ or V- without increasing linearity errors.

FIGURE 8-1:

COMMON MODE
VOLTAGE REDUCES
AVAILABLE INTEGRATOR
SWING (V

COM

)

8.2

Differential Reference
V

REF

+ (Pin 36), V

REF

- (Pin 35)

The reference voltage can be generated anywhere
within the V+ to V- power supply range.

To prevent rollover type errors being induced by large
Common mode voltages, C

REF

should be large com-

pared to stray node capacitance.

The TC7106A/TC7107A circuits have a significantly
lower analog common temperature coefficient. This
gives a very stable voltage suitable for use as a refer-
ence. The temperature coefficient of analog common is
20ppm/°C typically.

8.3

Analog Common (Pin 32)

The analog common pin is set at a voltage potential
approximately 3.0V below V+. The potential is between
2.7V and 3.35V below V+. Analog common is tied inter-
nally to the N channel FET capable of sinking 20mA.
This FET will hold the common line at 3.0V should an
external load attempt to pull the common line toward
V+. Analog common source current is limited to 10

Analog common is, therefore, easily pulled to a more
negative voltage (i.e., below V+ 3.0V).

The TC7106A connects the internal V

+ and V

inputs to analog common during the auto-zero cycle.
During the reference integrate phase, V

- is con-

nected to analog common. If V

- is not externally con-

nected to analog common, a Common mode voltage
exists. This is rejected by the converter's 86dB Com-
mon mode rejection ratio. In battery operation, analog
common and V

- are usually connected, removing

Common mode voltage concerns. In systems where V-
is connected to the power supply ground, or to a given
voltage, analog common should be connected to V

TC7106A
TC7107A

6.8V
Zener

V+

1.2V
Ref

Common

TC7106A
TC7107A

6.8k

20k

REF

(a)

(b)

V+

Integrator

[

Input Buffer

= Integration Capacitor

= Integration Resistor

4000
F

OSC

= Integration Time =

Where:

2002 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS21455B-page 15

TC7106/A/TC7107/A

FIGURE 8-2:

COMMON MODE VOLTAGE REMOVED IN BATTERY OPERATION WITH

= ANALOG COMMON

The analog common pin serves to set the analog section
reference or common point. The TC7106A is specifically
designed to operate from a battery, or in any measure-
ment system where input signals are not referenced
(float), with respect to the TC7106A power source. The
analog common potential of V+ 3.0V gives a 6V end of
battery life voltage. The common potential has a 0.001%
voltage coefficient and a 15

output impedance.

With sufficiently high total supply voltage (V+ V- >
7.0V), analog common is a very stable potential with
excellent temperature stability, typically 20ppm/°C.
This potential can be used to generate the reference
voltage. An external voltage reference will be unneces-
sary in most cases because of the 50ppm/°C maximum
temperature coefficient. See Internal Voltage Refer-
ence discussion.

8.4

TEST (Pin 37)

The TEST pin potential is 5V less than V+. TEST may
be used as the negative power supply connection for
external CMOS logic. The TEST pin is tied to the inter-
nally generated negative logic supply (Internal Logic
Ground) through a 500

resistor in the TC7106A. The

TEST pin load should be no more than 1mA.

If TEST is pulled to V+ all segments plus the minus sign
will be activated. Do not operate in this mode for more
than

several

minutes

with

the

TC7106A.

With

TEST = V+, the LCD segments are impressed with a
DC voltage which will destroy the LCD.

The TEST pin will sink about 10mA when pulled to V+.

8.5

Internal Voltage Reference

The analog common voltage temperature stability has
been significantly improved (Figure 8-3). The "A" ver-
sion of the industry standard circuits allow users to
upgrade old systems and design new systems without
external voltage references. External R and C values
do not need to be changed. Figure 8-4 shows analog
common supplying the necessary voltage reference for
the TC7106A/TC7107A.

FIGURE 8-3:

ANALOG COMMON
TEMPERATURE
COEFFICIENT

FIGURE 8-4:

INTERNAL VOLTAGE
REFERENCE
CONNECTION

BUF

INT

POL

Segment

Drive

OSC1

OSC3

OSC2

V-

V+

REF

Analog
Common

V-

V+

V-

V+

GND

Measured

System

Power

Source

LCD Display

TC7106A

Typical

No Maximum Specified

Maximum

Specified

Maximum

Specified

Typical

200

180

160

140

120

100

Temperature Coefficient (ppm/

°
C)

ICL7136

7106A

ICL7106

Maximum

Limit

V-

Analog

Common

TC7106A
TC7107A

REF

24k

REF

Set V

REF

= 1/2 V

FULL SCALE

V+

TC7106/A/TC7107/A

DS21455B-page 16

2002 Microchip Technology Inc.

9.0

POWER SUPPLIES

The TC7107A is designed to work from ±5V supplies.
However, if a negative supply is not available, it can be
generated from the clock output with two diodes, two
capacitors, and an inexpensive IC (Figure 9-1).

FIGURE 9-1:

GENERATING NEGATIVE
SUPPLY FROM +5V

In selected applications a negative supply is not
required. The conditions to use a single +5V supply
are:

· The input signal can be referenced to the center

of the Common mode range of the converter.

· The signal is less than ±1.5V.

· An external reference is used.

The TSC7660 DC to DC converter may be used to gen-
erate -5V from +5V (Figure 9-2).

FIGURE 9-2:

NEGATIVE POWER
SUPPLY GENERATION
WITH TC7660

9.1

TC7107 Power Dissipation
Reduction

The TC7107A sinks the LED display current and this
causes heat to build up in the IC package. If the inter-
nal voltage reference is used, the changing chip tem-
perature can cause the display to change reading. By
reducing the LED common

anode voltage, the

TC7107A package power dissipation is reduced.

Figure 9-3 is a curve tracer display showing the rela-
tionship between output current and output voltage for
a typical TC7107CPL. Since a typical LED has 1.8 volts
across it at 7mA, and its common anode is connected
to +5V, the TC7107A output is at 3.2V (point A on
Figure 9-3). Maximum power dissipation is 8.1mA x
3.2V x 24 segments = 622mW.

FIGURE 9-3:

TC7107 OUTPUT
CURRENT VS. OUTPUT
VOLTAGE

Notice, however, that once the TC7107A output voltage
is above two volts, the LED current is essentially con-
stant as output voltage increases. Reducing the output
voltage by 0.7V (point B in Figure 9-3) results in 7.7mA
of LED current, only a 5 percent reduction. Maximum
power dissipation is only 7.7mA x 2.5V x 24 = 462mW,
a reduction of 26%. An output voltage reduction of 1
volt (point C) reduces LED current by 10% (7.3mA) but
power dissipation by 38% (7.3mA x 2.2V x 24 =
385mW).

Reduced power dissipation is very easy to obtain.
Figure 9-4 shows two ways: either a 5.1 ohm, 1/4 watt
resistor or a 1 Amp diode placed in series with the dis-
play (but not in series with the TC7107A). The resistor
will reduce the TC7107A output voltage, when all 24
segments are "ON," to point "C" of Figure 9-4. When
segments turn off, the output voltage will increase. The
diode, on the other hand, will result in a relatively
steady output voltage, around point "B."

In addition to limiting maximum power dissipation, the
resistor reduces the change in power dissipation as the
display changes. This effect is caused by the fact that,
as fewer segments are "ON," each "ON" output drops
more voltage and current. For the best case of six seg-

TC7107A

V+

OSC1

OSC2

OSC3

GND

V-

V+

CD4009

0.047

µF

1N914

µF

V- = -3.3V

GND

REF

COM

+5V

LED

DRIVE

V+

V-

TC7660

µF

(-5V)

TC7107A

6.000

7.000

8.000

9.000

10.000

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

Output Voltage (V)

tput

r
r
ent

(
m

)

2002 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS21455B-page 17

TC7106/A/TC7107/A

ments (a "111" display) to worst case (a "1888" display),
the resistor will change about 230mW, while a circuit
without the resistor will change about 470mW. There-
fore, the resistor will reduce the effect of display dissi-
pation on reference voltage drift by about 50%.

The change in LED brightness caused by the resistor is
almost unnoticeable as more segments turn off. If dis-
play brightness remaining steady is very important to
the designer, a diode may be used instead of the
resistor.

FIGURE 9-4:

DIODE OR RESISTOR
LIMITS PACKAGE POWER
DISSIPATION

10.0

TYPICAL APPLICATIONS

10.1

Liquid Crystal Display Sources

Several manufacturers supply standard LCDs to inter-
face with the TC7106A 3-1/2 digit analog-to-digital
converter.

Note:

Contact LCD manufacturer for full product listing and
specifications.

10.2

Light Emitting Diode Display
Sources

Several LED manufacturers supply seven segment
digits with and without decimal point annunciators for
the TC7107A.

10.3

Decimal Point and Annunciator
Drive

The TEST pin is connected to the internally generated
digital logic supply ground through a 500

resistor. The

TEST pin may be used as the negative supply for exter-
nal CMOS gate segment drivers. LCD display annunci-
ators for decimal points, low battery indication, or
function indication may be added without adding an
additional supply. No more than 1mA should be sup-
plied by the TEST pin; its potential is approximately 5V
below V+ (see Figure 10-1

FIGURE 10-1:

DECIMAL POINT DRIVE
USING TEST AS LOGIC
GROUND

Manufacturer

Address/Phone

Representative

Part Numbers*

Crystaloid
Electronics

5282 Hudson Dr.
Hudson, OH 44236
216-655-2429

C5335, H5535,
T5135, SX440

AND

720 Palomar Ave.
Sunnyvale, CA 94086
408-523-8200

FE 0201, 0701
FE 0203, 0701
FE 0501

Epson

3415 Kashikawa st.
Torrance, CA 90505
213-534-0360

LD-B709BZ
LD-H7992AZ

Hamlin, Inc.

612 E. Lake St.
Lake Mills, WI 53551
414-648-2361

3902, 3933, 3903

TP2

TP5

100

TP1

24k

0.1

µF

TP3

0.01

µF

0.22

µF

Display

100

+5V

-5V

150

0.47

µF

TC7107A

47
k

1N4001

5.1

1/4W

Manufacturer

Address/Phone

Display

Hewlett-Packard
Components

640 Page Mill Rd.
Palo Alto, CA 94304

LED

AND

720 Palomar Ave.
Sunnyvale, CA 94086
408-523-8200

LED

TC7106A

TEST

V+

GND

To LCD
Decimal
Point

To LCD
Backplane

4049

TC7106A

Decimal

Point

Select

V+

TEST

GND

4030

TC7106/A/TC7107/A

DS21455B-page 18

2002 Microchip Technology Inc.

10.4

Ratiometric Resistance
Measurements

The true differential input and differential reference
make ratiometric reading possible. Typically in a ratio-
metric operation, an unknown resistance is measured,
with respect to a known standard resistance. No accu-
rately defined reference voltage is needed.

The unknown resistance is put in series with a known
standard and a current passed through the pair. The
voltage developed across the unknown is applied to the
input and the voltage across the known resistor is
applied to the reference input. If the unknown equals
the standard, the display will read 1000.

The displayed reading can be determined from the
following expression:

The display will over range for:

UNKNOWN

2 x R

STANDARD

FIGURE 10-2:

LOW PARTS COUNT
RATIOMETRIC
RESISTANCE
MEASUREMENT

FIGURE 10-3:

TEMPERATURE SENSOR

FIGURE 10-4:

POSITIVE TEMPERATURE
COEFFICIENT RESISTOR
TEMPERATURE SENSOR

FIGURE 10-5:

TC7106A, USING THE
INTERNAL REFERENCE:
200mV FULL SCALE, 3
READINGS-PER-SECOND
(RPS)

Displayed Reading

(

)

RUnknown
RS

dard

tan

-------------------------------x1000

REF

Analog
Common

TC7106A

LCD Display

STANDARD

UNKNOWN

V+

V-

REF

Common

50k

160k

300k

50k

1N4148
Sensor

TC7106A

= 2V

TC7106A

V+

V-

REF

Common

5.6k

160k

20k

1N914

20k

0.7%/

°C

PTC

100k

100pF

0.47

µF

47k

0.22

µF

To Display

To Backplane

0.1

µF

22k

Set V

REF

= 100mV

TC7106A

0.01

µF

To Pin 1

2002 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS21455B-page 19

TC7106/A/TC7107/A

FIGURE 10-6:

TC7107 INTERNAL
REFERENCE: 200mV
FULL SCALE, 3RPS,

- TIED TO GND FOR

SINGLE ENDED INPUTS

FIGURE 10-7:

CIRCUIT FOR
DEVELOPING UNDER
RANGE AND OVER
RANGE SIGNALS FROM
TC7106A OUTPUTS

FIGURE 10-8:

TC7106/TC7107:
RECOMMENDED
COMPONENT VALUES
FOR 2.00V FULL SCALE

FIGURE 10-9:

TC7107 OPERATED FROM
SINGLE +5V SUPPLY

100k

100pF

0.47

µF

47k

0.22

µF

To Display

0.1

µF

22k

Set V

REF

= 100mV

0.01

µF

To Pin 1

-5V

+5V

TC7107A

To Logic

V-

To Logic

V+

CD4077

U/R

O/R

CD4023
OR 74C10

TC7106A

O/R = Over Range
U/R = Under Range

100k

100pF

0.047

µF

470k

0.22

µF

To Display

0.1

µF

25k

24k

V+

Set V

REF

= 1V

0.01

µF

V-

To Pin 1

TC7106A
TC7107A

100pF

0.47

µF

47k

To Display

0.1

µF

V+

Set V

REF

= 100mV

10k

1.2V

0.01

µF

100k

0.22

µF

TC7107A

To PIn 1

Note: An external reference must be used in this application.

TC7106/A/TC7107/A

DS21455B-page 20

2002 Microchip Technology Inc.

FIGURE 10-10:

3-1/2 DIGIT TRUE RMS AC DMM

FIGURE 10-11:

INTEGRATED CIRCUIT TEMPERATURE SENSOR

SEG
DRIVE

47k

10%

AD636

6.8

µF

0.02

µF

20k

10%

10k

IN4148

µF

900k

90k

10k

200mV

20V

200V

COM

TC7106A

LCD Display

24k

2.2

µF

0.01

µF

10%

V+

Analog Common

V-

C1 = 3 - 10pF Variable
C2 = 132pF Variable

REF

V-

TC7106A

REF

Common

V+

Temperature
Dependent
Output

1.3k

50k

Constant 5V

50k

51k

5.1k

OUT

1.86V @
25

°C

= 2.00V

GND

V-

OUT

ADJ

TEMP

REF02

TC911

REF

2002 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS21455B-page 21

TC7106/A/TC7107/A

11.0

PACKAGING INFORMATION

11.1

Package Marking Information

Package marking data not available at this time.

11.2

Taping Form

PIN 1

Component Taping Orientation for 44-Pin PLCC Devices

User Direction of Feed

Standard Reel Component Orientation
for TR Suffix Device

Note: Drawing does not represent total number of pins.

Package

Carrier Width (W)

Pitch (P)

Part Per Full Reel

Reel Size

44-Pin PLCC

32 mm

24 mm

500

13 in

Carrier Tape, Number of Components Per Reel and Reel Size

Component Taping Orientation for 44-Pin PQFP Devices

User Direction of Feed

PIN 1

Standard Reel Component Orientation
for TR Suffix Device

Package

Carrier Width (W)

Pitch (P)

Part Per Full Reel

Reel Size

44-Pin PQFP

24 mm

16 mm

500

13 in

Carrier Tape, Number of Components Per Reel and Reel Size

Note: Drawing does not represent total number of pins.

TC7106/A/TC7107/A

DS21455B-page 24

2002 Microchip Technology Inc.

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM

To order or obtain information, e.g., on pricing or delivery, refer to the factory or the listed sales office.

SALES AND SUPPORT

Data Sheets
Products supported by a preliminary Data Sheet may have an errata sheet describing minor operational differences and recom-
mended workarounds. To determine if an errata sheet exists for a particular device, please contact one of the following:

Your local Microchip sales office

The Microchip Corporate Literature Center U.S. FAX: (480) 792-7277

The Microchip Worldwide Site (www.microchip.com)

Please specify which device, revision of silicon and Data Sheet (include Literature #) you are using.

New Customer Notification System
Register on our web site (www.microchip.com/cn) to receive the most current information on our products.

PART CODE

TC711X X X XXX

6 = LCD
7 = LED

A or blank*

R (reversed pins) or blank (CPL pkg only)

* "A" parts have an improved reference TC

Package Code (see below):

}

2002 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS21455B-page 25

TC7106/A/TC7107/A

Information contained in this publication regarding device
applications and the like is intended through suggestion only
and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to
ensure that your application meets with your specifications.
No representation or warranty is given and no liability is
assumed by Microchip Technology Incorporated with respect
to the accuracy or use of such information, or infringement of
patents or other intellectual property rights arising from such
use or otherwise. Use of Microchip's products as critical com-
ponents in life support systems is not authorized except with
express written approval by Microchip. No licenses are con-
veyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any intellectual property
rights.

Trademarks

The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, FilterLab,
K

, microID,

MPLAB, PIC, PICmicro, PICMASTER,

PICSTART, PRO MATE, SEEVAL and The Embedded Control
Solutions Company are registered trademarks of Microchip Tech-
nology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries.

dsPIC, ECONOMONITOR, FanSense, FlexROM, fuzzyLAB,
In-Circuit Serial Programming, ICSP, ICEPIC, microPort,
Migratable Memory, MPASM, MPLIB, MPLINK, MPSIM,
MXDEV, PICC, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, rfPIC, Select Mode
and Total Endurance are trademarks of Microchip Technology
Incorporated in the U.S.A.

Serialized Quick Turn Programming (SQTP) is a service mark
of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A.

All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their
respective companies.

Printed on recycled paper.

Microchip received QS-9000 quality system
certification for its worldwide headquarters,
design and wafer fabrication facilities in
Chandler and Tempe, Arizona in July 1999
and Mountain View, California in March 2002.
The Company's quality system processes and
procedures are QS-9000 compliant for its
PICmicro

8-bit MCUs, K

code hopping

devices, Serial EEPROMs, microperipherals,
non-volatile memory and analog products. In
addition, Microchip's quality system for the
design and manufacture of development
systems is ISO 9001 certified.

DS21455B-page 26

2002 Microchip Technology Inc.

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Japan

Microchip Technology Japan K.K.
Benex S-1 6F
3-18-20, Shinyokohama
Kohoku-Ku, Yokohama-shi
Kanagawa, 222-0033, Japan
Tel: 81-45-471- 6166 Fax: 81-45-471-6122

Korea

Microchip Technology Korea
168-1, Youngbo Bldg. 3 Floor
Samsung-Dong, Kangnam-Ku
Seoul, Korea 135-882
Tel: 82-2-554-7200 Fax: 82-2-558-5934

Singapore

Microchip Technology Singapore Pte Ltd.
200 Middle Road
#07-02 Prime Centre
Singapore, 188980
Tel: 65-6334-8870 Fax: 65-6334-8850

Taiwan

Microchip Technology Taiwan
11F-3, No. 207
Tung Hua North Road
Taipei, 105, Taiwan
Tel: 886-2-2717-7175 Fax: 886-2-2545-0139

EUROPE

Denmark

Microchip Technology Nordic ApS
Regus Business Centre
Lautrup hoj 1-3
Ballerup DK-2750 Denmark
Tel: 45 4420 9895 Fax: 45 4420 9910

France

Microchip Technology SARL
Parc d'Activite du Moulin de Massy
43 Rue du Saule Trapu
Batiment A - ler Etage
91300 Massy, France
Tel: 33-1-69-53-63-20 Fax: 33-1-69-30-90-79

Germany

Microchip Technology GmbH
Gustav-Heinemann Ring 125
D-81739 Munich, Germany
Tel: 49-89-627-144 0 Fax: 49-89-627-144-44

Italy

Microchip Technology SRL
Centro Direzionale Colleoni
Palazzo Taurus 1 V. Le Colleoni 1
20041 Agrate Brianza
Milan, Italy
Tel: 39-039-65791-1 Fax: 39-039-6899883

United Kingdom

Arizona Microchip Technology Ltd.
505 Eskdale Road
Winnersh Triangle
Wokingham
Berkshire, England RG41 5TU
Tel: 44 118 921 5869 Fax: 44-118 921-5820

03/01/02

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