Philips Semiconductors

Product data

P89C60X2/61X2

80C51 8-bit Flash microcontroller family

64KB Flash, 512B/1024B RAM

2003 Sep 11

853-2400 30250

DESCRIPTION

The Philips microcontrollers described in this data sheet are
high-performance static 80C51 designs. They are manufactured in
an advanced CMOS process and contain a non-volatile Flash
program memory that is programmable in parallel (via a parallel
programmer) or In-System Programmable (ISP) via boot loader.
They support both 12-clock and 6-clock operation.

The P89C60X2 and P89C61X2 contain 512 bytes RAM and
1024 bytes RAM respectively, 32 I/O lines, three 16-bit
counter/timers, a six-source, four-priority level nested interrupt
structure, a serial I/O port for either multi-processor
communications, I/O expansion or full duplex UART, and on-chip
oscillator and clock circuits.

In addition, the devices are static designs which offer a wide range
of operating frequencies down to zero. Two software selectable
modes of power reduction -- idle mode and power-down mode --
are available. The idle mode freezes the CPU while allowing the
RAM, timers, serial port, and interrupt system to continue
functioning. The power-down mode saves the RAM contents but
freezes the oscillator, causing all other chip functions to be
inoperative. Since the design is static, the clock can be stopped
without loss of user data. Then the execution can be resumed from
the point the clock was stopped.

SELECTION TABLE

For applications requiring more RAM, as well as more on-chip
peripherals, see the P89C66x and P89C51Rx2 data sheets.

Type

Memory

Timers

Serial Interfaces

RAM

ROM

OTP

Flash

# of

imers

PWM

PCA

UART

CAN

SPI

ADC bits/ch.

I/O Pins

Interrupts

(External)

Program

Security

Default Clock

Rate

Optional

Clock Rate

Max.
Freq.
at 6-clk
/ 12-clk
(MHz)

Freq.
Range
at 3V
(MHz)

Freq.
Range
at 5V
(MHz)

P89C60X2

512B

64K

6 (2)

12clk

6-clk

20/33

020/33

P89C61X2

1024B

64K

6 (2)

12clk

6-clk

20/33

020/33

NOTE:
1. I

C = Inter-Integrated Circuit Bus; CAN = Controller Area Network; SPI = Serial Peripheral Interface; PCA = Programmable Counter Array;

ADC = Analog-to-Digital Converter; PWM = Pulse Width Modulation

Philips Semiconductors

Product data

P89C60X2/61X2

80C51 8-bit Flash microcontroller family

64KB Flash, 512B/1024B RAM

2003 Sep 11

P89C60X2 ORDERING INFORMATION

Type number

Package

Temperature
R

(

Name

Description

Version

Range (

P89C60X2BA/00

PLCC44

plastic leaded chip carrier; 44 leads

SOT187-2

0 to +70

P89C60X2BN/00

DIP40

plastic dual in-line package; 40 leads

SOT129-1

0 to +70

P89C60X2BBD/00

LQFP44

plastic low profile quad flat package; 44 leads

SOT389-1

0 to +70

P89C61X2 ORDERING INFORMATION

Type number

Package

Temperature
R

(

Name

Description

Version

Range (

ÁÁÁÁÁÁ

P89C61X2BA/00

ÁÁÁÁÁ

PLCC44

ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ

plastic lead chip carrier; 44 leads

ÁÁÁÁÁ

SOT187-2

ÁÁÁÁÁ

0 to +70

P89C61X2BN/00

DIP40

plastic dual in-line package; 40 leads

SOT129-1

0 to +70

P89C61X2BBD/00

LQFP44

plastic low profile quad flat package; 44 leads

SOT389-1

0 to +70

PART NUMBER DERIVATION

Memory

Temperature Range

Package

P89C60X2

9 = Flash

0 = 512 bytes RAM

64 kbytes FLASH

1024 bytes RAM
64 kbytes FLASH

X2 = 6-clock

mode available

B = 0

C to +70

A = PLCC

BD = LQFP

The following table illustrates the correlation between operating mode, power supply and maximum external clock frequency:

Operating Mode

Power Supply

Maximum Clock Frequency

6-clock

5 V

10%

20 MHz

12-clock

5 V

10%

33 MHz

Philips Semiconductors

Product data

P89C60X2/61X2

80C51 8-bit Flash microcontroller family

64KB Flash, 512B/1024B RAM

2003 Sep 11

LOGIC SYMBOL

POR

ADDRESS AND

DATA BUS

ADDRESS BUS

T2EX

RxD

TxD

INT0

INT1

T0
T1

SECONDAR

FUNCTIONS

RST

EA/V

PSEN

ALE/PROG

XTAL1

XTAL2

SU01672

PLASTIC LEADED CHIP CARRIER PIN FUNCTIONS

SU01062

PLCC

Pin

Function

NIC*

P1.0/T2

P1.1/T2EX

P1.2

P1.3

P1.4

P1.5

P1.6

P1.7

RST

P3.0/RxD

NIC*

P3.1/TxD

P3.2/INT0

P3.3/INT1

Pin

Function

P3.4/T0

P3.5/T1

P3.6/WR

P3.7/RD

XTAL2

XTAL1

NIC*

P2.0/A8

P2.1/A9

P2.2/A10

P2.3/A11

P2.4/A12

P2.5/A13

P2.6/A14

Pin

Function

P2.7/A15

PSEN

ALE

NIC*

EA/V

P0.7/AD7

P0.6/AD6

P0.5/AD5

P0.4/AD4

P0.3/AD3

P0.2/AD2

P0.1/AD1

P0.0/AD0

* NO INTERNAL CONNECTION

LOW PROFILE QUAD FLAT PACK
PIN FUNCTIONS

SU01487

LQFP

Pin

Function

P1.5

P1.6

P1.7

RST

P3.0/RxD

NIC*

P3.1/TxD

P3.2/INT0

P3.3/INT1

P3.4/T0

P3.5/T1

P3.6/WR

P3.7/RD

XTAL2

XTAL1

Pin

Function

NIC*

P2.0/A8

P2.1/A9

P2.2/A10

P2.3/A11

P2.4/A12

P2.5/A13

P2.6/A14

P2.7/A15

PSEN

ALE

NIC*

EA/V

P0.7/AD7

Pin

Function

P0.6/AD6

P0.5/AD5

P0.4/AD4

P0.3/AD3

P0.2/AD2

P0.1/AD1

P0.0/AD0

NIC*

P1.0/T2

P1.1/T2EX

P1.2

P1.3

P1.4

* NO INTERNAL CONNECTION

PLASTIC DUAL IN-LINE PACKAGE PIN
FUNCTIONS

T2/P1.0

T2EX/P1.1

P1.2

P1.3

P1.4

P1.5

P1.6

RST

RxD/P3.0

TxD/P3.1

INT0/P3.2

INT1/P3.3

T0/P3.4

T1/P3.5

P1.7

WR/P3.6

RD/P3.7

XTAL2

XTAL1

P2.0/A8

P2.1/A9

P2.2/A10

P2.3/A11

P2.4/A12

P2.5/A13

P2.6/A14

P2.7/A15

PSEN

ALE/PROG

EA/V

P0.7/AD7

P0.6/AD6

P0.5/AD5

P0.4/AD4

P0.3/AD3

P0.2/AD2

P0.1/AD1

P0.0/AD0

DUAL

IN-LINE

PACKAGE

SU01780

Philips Semiconductors

Product data

P89C60X2/61X2

80C51 8-bit Flash microcontroller family

64KB Flash, 512B/1024B RAM

2003 Sep 11

PIN DESCRIPTIONS

PIN NUMBER

MNEMONIC

PLCC

DIP

LQFP

TYPE

NAME AND FUNCTION

Ground: 0 V reference.

Power Supply: This is the power supply voltage for normal, idle, and power-down
operation.

P0.0-0.7

4336

3932

3730

I/O

Port 0: Port 0 is an open-drain, bidirectional I/O port. Port 0 pins that have 1s written to
them float and can be used as high-impedance inputs. Port 0 is also the multiplexed
low-order address and data bus during accesses to external program and data memory.
In this application, it uses strong internal pull-ups when emitting 1s. Port 0 also outputs
the code bytes during program verification and received code bytes during Flash
programming. External pull-ups are required during program verification.

P1.0P1.7

4044,

I/O

Port 1: Port 1 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. Port 1 pins that have
1s written to them are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As
inputs, port 1 pins that are externally pulled low will source current because of the
internal pull-ups. (See DC Electrical Characteristics: I

). Port 1 also receives the

low-order address byte during program memory verification. Alternate functions for Port 1
include:

I/O

T2 (P1.0): Timer/Counter 2 external count input/clockout (see Programmable
Clock-Out)

T2EX (P1.1): Timer/Counter 2 Reload/Capture/Direction control

P2.0P2.7

2431

2128

1825

I/O

Port 2: Port 2 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. Port 2 pins that have
1s written to them are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As
inputs, port 2 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current because of the
internal pull-ups. (See DC Electrical Characteristics: I

). Port 2 emits the high-order

address byte during fetches from external program memory and during accesses to
external data memory that use 16-bit addresses (MOVX @DPTR). In this application, it
uses strong internal pull-ups when emitting 1s. During accesses to external data memory
that use 8-bit addresses (MOV @Ri), port 2 emits the contents of the P2 special function
register. Some Port 2 pins receive the high order address bits during Flash programming
and verification.

P3.0P3.7

11,

1319

1017

713

I/O

Port 3: Port 3 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. Port 3 pins that have
1s written to them are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As
inputs, port 3 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current because of the
pull-ups. (See DC Electrical Characteristics: I

). Port 3 also serves the special features

of the 80C51 family, as listed below:

RxD (P3.0): Serial input port

TxD (P3.1): Serial output port

INT0 (P3.2): External interrupt

INT1 (P3.3): External interrupt

T0 (P3.4): Timer 0 external input

T1 (P3.5): Timer 1 external input

WR (P3.6): External data memory write strobe

RD (P3.7): External data memory read strobe

RST

Reset: A high on this pin for two machine cycles while the oscillator is running, resets the
device. An internal diffused resistor to V

permits a power-on reset using only an

external capacitor to V

ALE/PROG

Address Latch Enable/Program Pulse: Output pulse for latching the low byte of the
address during an access to external memory. In normal operation, ALE is emitted at a
constant rate of 1/6 (12-clk) or 1/3 (6-clk Mode) the oscillator frequency, and can be used
for external timing or clocking. Note that one ALE pulse is skipped during each access to
external data memory. This pin is also the program pulse input (PROG) during Flash
programming. ALE can be disabled by setting SFR auxiliary.0. With this bit set, ALE will
be active only during a MOVX instruction.

PSEN

Program Store Enable: The read strobe to external program memory. When the device
is executing code from the external program memory, PSEN is activated twice each
machine cycle, except that two PSEN activations are skipped during each access to
external data memory. PSEN is not activated during fetches from internal program
memory.

EA/V

External Access Enable/Programming Supply Voltage: EA must be externally held low to enable the
device to fetch code from external program memory locations 0000H to FFFFH. If EA is held high, the device
executes from internal program memory. This pin also receives the 5 V / 12 V programming supply voltage
(V

) during Flash programming. If security bit 1 is programmed, EA will be internally latched on Reset.

Philips Semiconductors

Product data

P89C60X2/61X2

80C51 8-bit Flash microcontroller family

64KB Flash, 512B/1024B RAM

2003 Sep 11

SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS (see notes on next page)

SYMBOL

DESCRIPTION

DIRECT

ADDRESS

BIT ADDRESS, SYMBOL, OR ALTERNATIVE PORT FUNCTION

MSB LSB

RESET
VALUE

ACC*

Accumulator

E0H

00H

AUXR#

Auxiliary

8EH

EXTRAM

xxxxxx00B

AUXR1#

Auxiliary 1

A2H

GF2

DPS

xxx000x0B

B register

F0H

00H

CKCON

Clock Control Register

8FH

WDX2

x0xxxxx0B

DPTR:

Data Pointer (2 bytes)

DPH

Data Pointer High

83H

00H

DPL

Data Pointer Low

82H

00H

IE*

Interrupt Enable

A8H

ET2

ET1

EX1

ET0

EX0

0x000000B

IP*

Interrupt Priority

B8H

PT2

PT1

PX1

PT0

PX0

xx000000B

IPH#

Interrupt Priority High

B7H

PT2H

PSH

PT1H

PX1H

PT0H

PX0H

xx000000B

P0*

Port 0

80H

AD7

AD6

AD5

AD4

AD3

AD2

AD1

AD0

FFH

P1*

Port 1

90H

T2EX

FFH

P2*

Port 2

A0H

AD15

AD14

AD13

AD12

AD11

AD10

AD9

AD8

FFH

P3*

Port 3

B0H

INT1

INT0

TxD

RxD

FFH

PCON#

Power Control

87H

SMOD1

SMOD0

POF

GF1

GF0

IDL

00xx0000B

PSW*

Program Status Word

D0H

RS1

RS0

000000x0B

RACAP2H

Timer 2 Capture High

CBH

00H

RACAP2L

Timer 2 Capture Low

CAH

00H

SADDR#

Slave Address

A9H

00H

SADEN#

Slave Address Mask

B9H

00H

SBUF

Serial Data Buffer

99H

xxxxxxxxB

SCON*

Serial Control

98H

SM0/FE

SM1

SM2

REN

TB8

RB8

00H

Stack Pointer

81H

07H

TCON*

Timer Control

88H

TF1

TR1

TF0

TR0

IE1

IT1

IE0

IT0

00H

T2CON*

Timer 2 Control

C8H

TF2

EXF2

RCLK

TCLK

EXEN2

TR2

C/T2

CP/RL2

00H

T2MOD#

Timer 2 Mode Control

C9H

T2OE

DCEN

xxxxxx00B

TH0

Timer High 0

8CH

00H

TH1

Timer High 1

8DH

00H

TH2#

Timer High 2

CDH

00H

TL0

Timer Low 0

8AH

00H

TL1

Timer Low 1

8BH

00H

TL2#

Timer Low 2

CCH

00H

TMOD

Timer Mode

89H

GATE

C/T

GATE

C/T

00H

WDTRST

Watchdog Timer Reset

A6H

Philips Semiconductors

Product data

P89C60X2/61X2

80C51 8-bit Flash microcontroller family

64KB Flash, 512B/1024B RAM

2003 Sep 11

FLASH EPROM MEMORY

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The P89C60X2/61X2 Flash memory augments EPROM functionality
with in-circuit electrical erasure and programming. The Flash can be
read and written as bytes. The Chip Erase operation will erase the
entire program memory. The Block Erase function can erase any
Flash block. In-system programming (ISP) and standard parallel
programming are both available. On-chip erase and write timing
generation contribute to a user friendly programming interface.

The P89C60X2/61X2 Flash reliably stores memory contents even
after 10,000 erase and program cycles. The cell is designed to
optimize the erase and programming mechanisms. In addition, the
combination of advanced tunnel oxide processing and low internal
electric fields for erase and programming operations produces
reliable cycling. The P89C60X2/61X2 uses a +5 V V

supply to

perform the Program/Erase algorithms (12 V tolerant).

FEATURES

Flash EPROM internal program memory with Block Erase.

Internal 1-kbyte fixed BootROM, containing low-level in-system
programming routines and a default serial loader.

Loader in BootROM allows in-system programming via the serial
port.

Up to 64 kbytes external program memory if the internal program
memory is disabled (EA = 0).

Programming and erase voltage +5 V (+12 V tolerant).

Read/Programming/Erase using ISP:

Byte Programming (8

s).

Typical erase times:

Block Erase (4 kbytes) in 3 seconds.

Full-chip erase in 15 seconds.

Parallel programming with 87C51 compatible hardware interface
to programmer.

Programmable security for the code in the Flash.

10,000 minimum erase/program cycles for each byte.

10-year minimum data retention.

FLASH PROGRAMMING AND ERASURE

There are two methods of erasing or programming of the Flash
memory that may be used. First, the on-chip ISP boot loader may be
invoked. Second, the Flash may be programmed or erased using
parallel method by using a commercially available EPROM
programmer. The parallel programming method used by these
devices is similar to that used by EPROM 87C51, but it is not
identical, and the commercially available programmer will need to
have support for these devices.

FLASH MEMORY CHARACTERISTICS

Flash User Code Memory Organization

The P89C60X2/61X2 contains 64 kbytes Flash user code program
memory organized into 4-kbyte blocks (see Figure 1).

Boot ROM

When the microcontroller programs its Flash memory during ISP, all
of the low level details are handled by code that is contained in a
1 kbyte BootROM. BootROM operations include: erase block,
program byte, verify byte, program security bit, etc.

Clock Mode

The clock mode feature sets operating frequency to be 1/12 or 1/6 of

the oscillator frequency. The clock mode configuration bit, FX2, is

located in the Security Block (See Table 1). FX2, when programmed,

will override the SFR clock mode bit (X2) in the CKCON register. If
FX2 is erased, then the SFR bit (X2) may be used to select between
6-clock and 12-clock mode.

Philips Semiconductors

Product data

P89C60X2/61X2

80C51 8-bit Flash microcontroller family

64KB Flash, 512B/1024B RAM

2003 Sep 11

Table 1.

CLOCK MODE CONFIG BIT (FX2)

X2 bit in CKCON

DESCRIPTION

erased

12-clock mode (default)

erased

6-clock mode

programmed

6-clock mode

NOTE:
1. Default clock mode after ChipErase is set to 12-clock.

FFFF

C000

8000

4000

2000

0000

PROGRAM

ADDRESS

BOOT ROM

(1 kB)

SU01673

P89C60X2
P89C61X2

BLOCK 1

BLOCK 0

BLOCK 3

BLOCK 2

BLOCK 5

BLOCK 4

BLOCK 7

BLOCK 6

BLOCK 9

BLOCK 8

BLOCK 11

BLOCK 10

BLOCK 13

BLOCK 12

BLOCK 15

BLOCK 14

Each block is
4 kbytes in size

Figure 1. Flash Memory Configuration

Power-On Reset Code Execution

The P89C60X2/61X2 contains a special Flash register, the STATUS
BYTE. At the falling edge of reset, the P89C60X2/61X2 examines
the contents of the Status Byte. If the Status Byte is set to zero,
power-up execution starts at location 0000H, which is the normal
start address of the user's application code. When the Status Byte is
set to a value other than zero, the factory masked-ROM ISP boot
loader is invoked. The factory default for the Status Byte is FFh.
Once set to 00h, the Status Byte can only be changed back to FFh
by a full-chip erase operation when using ISP.

Hardware Activation of the Boot Loader

The boot loader can also be executed by holding PSEN LOW,
EA greater than V

(such as +5 V), and ALE HIGH (or not connected)

at the falling edge of RESET. This is the same effect as having a
non-zero status byte. This allows an application to be built that will
normally execute the end user's code but can be manually forced
into ISP operation.

After programming the Flash, the status byte should be programmed
to zero in order to allow execution of the user's application code
beginning at address 0000H.

Philips Semiconductors

Product data

P89C60X2/61X2

80C51 8-bit Flash microcontroller family

64KB Flash, 512B/1024B RAM

2003 Sep 11

+5 V (+12 V tolerant)

+5 V

TxD

RxD

TxD

RxD

RST

XTAL2

XTAL1

SU01674

P89C60X2
P89C61X2

Figure 2. In-System Programming with a Minimum of Pins

In-System Programming (ISP)

The In-System Programming (ISP) is performed without removing
the microcontroller from the system. The In-System Programming
(ISP) facility consists of a series of internal hardware resources
coupled with internal firmware to facilitate remote programming of
the P89C60X2/61X2 through the serial port. This firmware is
provided by Philips and embedded within each P89C60X2/61X2
device.

The Philips In-System Programming (ISP) facility has made in-circuit
programming in an embedded application possible with a minimum
of additional expense in components and circuit board area.

The ISP function uses five pins: TxD, RxD, V

, V

, and V

(see

Figure 2). Only a small connector needs to be available to interface
your application to an external circuit in order to use this feature.
The V

supply should be adequately decoupled and V

not

allowed to exceed datasheet limits.

Free ISP software is available from the Embedded Systems
Academy: "FlashMagic"

1. Direct your browser to the following page:

http://www.esacademy.com/software/flashmagic/

2. Download Flashmagic

3. Execute "flashmagic.exe" to install the software

Using the In-System Programming (ISP)

The ISP feature allows for a wide range of baud rates to be used in
your application, independent of the oscillator frequency. It is also
adaptable to a wide range of oscillator frequencies. This is
accomplished by measuring the bit-time of a single bit in a received
character. This information is then used to program the baud rate in
terms of timer counts based on the oscillator frequency. The ISP
feature requires that an initial character (an uppercase U) be sent to
the P89C60X2/61X2 to establish the baud rate. The ISP firmware
provides auto-echo of received characters.

Once baud rate initialization has been performed, the ISP firmware
will only accept Intel Hex-type records. Intel Hex records consist of
ASCII characters used to represent hexadecimal values and are
summarized below:

:NNAAAARRDD..DDCC<crlf>

In the Intel Hex record, the "NN" represents the number of data
bytes in the record. The P89C60X2/61X2 will accept up to 16 (10H)
data bytes. The "AAAA" string represents the address of the first
byte in the record. If there are zero bytes in the record, this field is
often set to 0000. The "RR" string indicates the record type. A
record type of "00" is a data record. A record type of "01" indicates
the end-of-file mark. In this application, additional record types will
be added to indicate either commands or data for the ISP facility.
The maximum number of data bytes in a record is limited to 16
(decimal). ISP commands are summarized in Table 2.

As a record is received by the P89C60X2/61X2, the information in
the record is stored internally and a checksum calculation is
performed. The operation indicated by the record type is not
performed until the entire record has been received. Should an error
occur in the checksum, the P89C60X2/61X2 will send an "X" out the
serial port indicating a checksum error. If the checksum calculation
is found to match the checksum in the record, then the command
will be executed. In most cases, successful reception of the record
will be indicated by transmitting a "." character out the serial port
(displaying the contents of the internal program memory is an
exception).

In the case of a Data Record (record type 00), an additional check is
made. A "." character will NOT be sent unless the record checksum
matched the calculated checksum and all of the bytes in the record
were successfully programmed. For a data record, an "X" indicates
that the checksum failed to match, and an "R" character indicates
that one of the bytes did not properly program. It is necessary to
send a type 02 record (specify oscillator frequency) to the
P89C60X2/61X2 before programming data.

The ISP facility was designed to that specific crystal frequencies
were not required in order to generate baud rates or time the
programming pulses. The user thus needs to provide the
P89C60X2/61X2 with information required to generate the proper
timing. Record type 02 is provided for this purpose.

Philips Semiconductors

Product data

P89C60X2/61X2

80C51 8-bit Flash microcontroller family

64KB Flash, 512B/1024B RAM

2003 Sep 11

RECORD TYPE

COMMAND/DATA FUNCTION

03 (cont.)

Subfunction Code = 07 (Full Chip Erase)

Erases all blocks, security bits, and sets status byte to default values

ff = 07
ss = don't care
dd = don't care

Example:

:0100000307F5 full chip erase

Subfunction Code = 0C (Erase 4k blocks)

ff = 0C
ss = block code as shown below:

block 0, 0k ~ 4k, 00H
block 1, 4k ~ 8k, 10H
block 2, 8k ~ 12k, 20H
block 3, 12k ~ 16k, 30H
block 4, 16k ~ 20k, 40H
block 5, 20k ~ 24k, 50H
block 6, 24k ~ 28k, 60H
block 7, 28k ~ 32k, 70H
block 8, 32k ~ 36k, 80H
block 9, 36k ~ 40k, 90H
block 10, 40k ~ 44k, A0H
block 11, 44k ~ 48k, B0H
block 12, 48k ~ 52k, C0H
block 13, 52k ~ 56k, D0H
block 14, 56k ~ 60k, E0H
block 15, 60k ~ 64k, F0H

Example:

:020000030C20CF erase 4k block 2

Display Device Data or Blank Check Record type 04 causes the contents of the entire Flash array to be sent out
the serial port in a formatted display. This display consists of an address and the contents of 16 bytes starting with that
address. No display of the device contents will occur if security bit 2 has been programmed. Data to the serial port is
initiated by the reception of any character and terminated by the reception of any character.

General Format of Function 04

:05xxxx04sssseeeeffcc

Where:

= number of bytes (hex) in record

xxxx

= required field, but value is a "don't care"

= "Display Device Data or Blank Check" function code

ssss

= starting address

eeee

= ending address

= subfunction
00 = display data
01 = blank check
02 = display data in data block (valid addresses: 0001 ~ 0FFFH)

= checksum

Example 1:

:0500000440004FFF0069

display 40004FFF

Example 2:

:0500000400000FFF02E7 display data in data block (the data at address 0000 is

invalid)

Philips Semiconductors

Product data

P89C60X2/61X2

80C51 8-bit Flash microcontroller family

64KB Flash, 512B/1024B RAM

2003 Sep 11

OSCILLATOR CHARACTERISTICS

Using the oscillator, XTAL1 and XTAL2 are the input and output,
respectively, of an inverting amplifier. The pins can be configured for
use as an on-chip oscillator, as shown in the logic symbol.

To drive the device from an external clock source, XTAL1 should be
driven while XTAL2 is left unconnected. However, minimum and
maximum high and low times specified in the data sheet must be
observed.

Clock Control Register (CKCON)

This device provides control of the 6-clock/12-clock mode by both
an SFR bit (bit X2 in register CKCON) and a Flash bit (bit FX2,
located in the Security Block). When X2 is 0, 12-clock mode is
activated. By setting this bit to 1, the system is switching to 6-clock
mode. Having this option implemented as SFR bit, it can be
accessed anytime and changed to either value. Changing X2 from 0
to 1 will result in executing user code at twice the speed, since all
system time intervals will be divided by 2. Changing back from
6-clock to 12-clock mode will slow down running code by a factor of
2.
The Flash clock control bit (FX2) activates the 6-clock mode when
programmed using a parallel programmer, superceding the X2 bit
(CKCON.0). Please also see Table 4 below.

Table 4.

FX2 clock mode bit
(can only be set by
parallel programmer)

X2 bit
(CKCON.0)

CPU clock mode

erased

12-clock mode
(default)

erased

6-clock mode

programmed

6-clock mode

Programmable Clock-Out Pin

A 50% duty cycle clock can be programmed to be output on P1.0.
This pin, besides being a regular I/O pin, has two alternate
functions. It can be programmed:

1. to input the external clock for Timer/Counter 2, or

2. to output a 50% duty cycle clock ranging from 61 Hz to 4 MHz at

a 16 MHz operating frequency in 12-clock mode (122 Hz to
8 MHz in 6-clock mode).

To configure the Timer/Counter 2 as a clock generator, bit C/T2 (in
T2CON) must be cleared and bit T20E in T2MOD must be set. Bit
TR2 (T2CON.2) also must be set to start the timer.

The Clock-Out frequency depends on the oscillator frequency and
the reload value of Timer 2 capture registers (RCAP2H, RCAP2L)
as shown in this equation:

Oscillator Frequency

(65536RCAP2H, RCAP2L)

Where:

n = 2 in 6-clock mode, 4 in 12-clock mode.

(RCAP2H,RCAP2L) = the content of RCAP2H and RCAP2L
taken as a 16-bit unsigned integer.

In the Clock-Out mode Timer 2 roll-overs will not generate an
interrupt. This is similar to when it is used as a baud-rate generator.
It is possible to use Timer 2 as a baud-rate generator and a clock
generator simultaneously. Note, however, that the baud-rate and the
Clock-Out frequency will be the same.

RESET

A reset is accomplished by holding the RST pin HIGH for at least
two machine cycles (24 oscillator periods in 12-clock and 12
oscillator periods in 6-clock mode), while the oscillator is running. To
insure a reliable power-up reset, the RST pin must be high long
enough to allow the oscillator time to start up (normally a few
milliseconds) plus two machine cycles, unless it has been set to
6-clock operation using a parallel programmer.

LOW POWER MODES

Stop Clock Mode

The static design enables the clock speed to be reduced down to
0 MHz (stopped). When the oscillator is stopped, the RAM and
Special Function Registers retain their values. This mode allows
step-by-step utilization and permits reduced system power
consumption by lowering the clock frequency down to any value. For
lowest power consumption the Power Down mode is suggested.

Idle Mode

In idle mode (see Table 5), the CPU puts itself to sleep while all of
the on-chip peripherals stay active. The instruction to invoke the idle
mode is the last instruction executed in the normal operating mode
before the idle mode is activated. The CPU contents, the on-chip
RAM, and all of the special function registers remain intact during
this mode. The idle mode can be terminated either by any enabled
interrupt (at which time the process is picked up at the interrupt
service routine and continued), or by a hardware reset which starts
the processor in the same manner as a power-on reset.

Philips Semiconductors

Product data

P89C60X2/61X2

80C51 8-bit Flash microcontroller family

64KB Flash, 512B/1024B RAM

2003 Sep 11

Power-Down Mode

To save even more power, a Power Down mode (see Table 5) can
be invoked by software. In this mode, the oscillator is stopped and
the instruction that invoked Power Down is the last instruction
executed. The on-chip RAM and Special Function Registers retain
their values down to 2.0 V and care must be taken to return V

the minimum specified operating voltages before the Power Down
Mode is terminated.

Either a hardware reset or external interrupt can be used to exit from
Power Down. Reset redefines all the SFRs but does not change the
on-chip RAM. An external interrupt allows both the SFRs and the
on-chip RAM to retain their values.

To properly terminate Power Down, the reset or external interrupt
should not be executed before V

is restored to its normal

operating level and must be held active long enough for the
oscillator to restart and stabilize (normally less than 10 ms).

To terminate Power Down with an external interrupt, INT0 or INT1
must be enabled and configured as level-sensitive. Holding the pin
low restarts the oscillator but bringing the pin back high completes
the exit. Once the interrupt is serviced, the next instruction to be
executed after RETI will be the one following the instruction that put
the device into Power Down.

Design Consideration

When the idle mode is terminated by a hardware reset, the device
normally resumes program execution from where it left off, up to two

machine cycles before the internal reset algorithm takes control.
On-chip hardware inhibits access to internal RAM in this event, but
access to the port pins is not inhibited. To eliminate the possibility of
an unexpected write when Idle is terminated by reset, the instruction
following the one that invokes Idle should not be one that writes to a
port pin or to external memory.

ONCE

Mode

The ONCE ("On-Circuit Emulation") Mode facilitates testing and
debugging of systems without the device having to be removed from
the circuit. The ONCE Mode is invoked in the following way:

1. Pull ALE low while the device is in reset and PSEN is high;

2. Hold ALE low as RST is deactivated.

While the device is in ONCE Mode, the Port 0 pins go into a float
state, and the other port pins and ALE and PSEN are weakly pulled
high. The oscillator circuit remains active. While the device is in this
mode, an emulator or test CPU can be used to drive the circuit.
Normal operation is restored when a normal reset is applied.

POWER-ON FLAG

The Power-On Flag (POF) is set by on-chip circuitry when the V

level on the P89C60X2/61X2 rises from 0 to 5 V. The POF bit can
be set or cleared by software allowing a user to determine if the
reset is the result of a power-on or a warm start after powerdown.
The V

level must remain above 3 V for the POF to remain

unaffected by the V

level.

Table 5. External Pin Status During Idle and Power-Down Modes

MODE

PROGRAM MEMORY

ALE

PSEN

PORT 0

PORT 1

PORT 2

PORT 3

Idle

Internal

Data

Idle

External

Float

Data

Address

Data

Power-down

Internal

Data

Power-down

External

Float

Data

TIMER 0 AND TIMER 1 OPERATION

Timer 0 and Timer 1

The "Timer" or "Counter" function is selected by control bits C/T in
the Special Function Register TMOD. These two Timer/Counters
have four operating modes, which are selected by bit-pairs (M1, M0)
in TMOD. Modes 0, 1, and 2 are the same for both Timers/Counters.
Mode 3 is different. The four operating modes are described in the
following text.

Mode 0
Putting either Timer into Mode 0 makes it look like an 8048 Timer,
which is an 8-bit Counter with a divide-by-32 prescaler. Figure 4
shows the Mode 0 operation.

In this mode, the Timer register is configured as a 13-bit register. As
the count rolls over from all 1s to all 0s, it sets the Timer interrupt
flag TFn. The counted input is enabled to the Timer when TRn = 1
and either GATE = 0 or INTn = 1. (Setting GATE = 1 allows the
Timer to be controlled by external input INTn, to facilitate pulse width
measurements). TRn is a control bit in the Special Function Register
TCON (Figure 5).

The 13-bit register consists of all 8 bits of THn and the lower 5 bits
of TLn. The upper 3 bits of TLn are indeterminate and should be
ignored. Setting the run flag (TRn) does not clear the registers.

Mode 0 operation is the same for Timer 0 as for Timer 1. There are

two different GATE bits, one for Timer 1 (TMOD.7) and one for Timer

0 (TMOD.3).

Mode 1
Mode 1 is the same as Mode 0, except that the Timer register is
being run with all 16 bits.

Mode 2
Mode 2 configures the Timer register as an 8-bit Counter (TLn) with
automatic reload, as shown in Figure 6. Overflow from TLn not only
sets TFn, but also reloads TLn with the contents of THn, which is
preset by software. The reload leaves THn unchanged.

Mode 2 operation is the same for Timer 0 as for Timer 1.

Mode 3
Timer 1 in Mode 3 simply holds its count. The effect is the same as
setting TR1 = 0.

Timer 0 in Mode 3 establishes TL0 and TH0 as two separate
counters. The logic for Mode 3 on Timer 0 is shown in Figure 7. TL0
uses the Timer 0 control bits: C/T, GATE, TR0, and TF0 as well as
pin INT0. TH0 is locked into a timer function (counting machine
cycles) and takes over the use of TR1 and TF1 from Timer 1. Thus,
TH0 now controls the "Timer 1" interrupt.

Philips Semiconductors

Product data

P89C60X2/61X2

80C51 8-bit Flash microcontroller family

64KB Flash, 512B/1024B RAM

2003 Sep 11

Mode 3 is provided for applications requiring an extra 8-bit timer on
the counter. With Timer 0 in Mode 3, an 80C51 can look like it has
three Timer/Counters. When Timer 0 is in Mode 3, Timer 1 can be

turned on and off by switching it out of and into its own Mode 3, or
can still be used by the serial port as a baud rate generator, or in
fact, in any application not requiring an interrupt.

GATE

C/T

GATE

C/T

BIT

SYMBOL

FUNCTION

TMOD.3/

GATE

Gating control when set. Timer/Counter "n" is enabled only while "INTn" pin is high and

TMOD.7

"TRn" control pin is set. when cleared Timer "n" is enabled whenever "TRn" control bit is set.

TMOD.2/

C/T

Timer or Counter Selector cleared for Timer operation (input from internal system clock.)

TMOD.6

Set for Counter operation (input from "Tn" input pin).

OPERATING

8048 Timer: "TLn" serves as 5-bit prescaler.

16-bit Timer/Counter: "THn" and "TLn" are cascaded; there is no prescaler.

8-bit auto-reload Timer/Counter: "THn" holds a value which is to be reloaded
into "TLn" each time it overflows.

(Timer 0) TL0 is an 8-bit Timer/Counter controlled by the standard Timer 0 control bits.
TH0 is an 8-bit timer only controlled by Timer 1 control bits.

(Timer 1) Timer/Counter 1 stopped.

SU01580

TIMER 1

TIMER 0

Not Bit Addressable

TMOD

Address = 89H

Reset Value = 00H

Figure 3. Timer/Counter 0/1 Mode Control (TMOD) Register

INTn Pin

Timer n
Gate bit

TRn

TLn

(5 Bits)

THn

(8 Bits)

TFn

Interrupt

Control

C/T = 0

C/T = 1

SU01618

OSC

Tn Pin

*d = 6 in 6-clock mode; d = 12 in 12-clock mode.

Figure 4. Timer/Counter 0/1 Mode 0: 13-Bit Timer/Counter

Philips Semiconductors

Product data

P89C60X2/61X2

80C51 8-bit Flash microcontroller family

64KB Flash, 512B/1024B RAM

2003 Sep 11

IT0

BIT

SYMBOL

FUNCTION

TCON.7

TF1

Timer 1 overflow flag. Set by hardware on Timer/Counter overflow.
Cleared by hardware when processor vectors to interrupt routine, or clearing the bit in software.

TCON.6

TR1

Timer 1 Run control bit. Set/cleared by software to turn Timer/Counter on/off.

TCON.5

TF0

Timer 0 overflow flag. Set by hardware on Timer/Counter overflow.
Cleared by hardware when processor vectors to interrupt routine, or by clearing the bit in software.

TCON.4

TR0

Timer 0 Run control bit. Set/cleared by software to turn Timer/Counter on/off.

TCON.3

IE1

Interrupt 1 Edge flag. Set by hardware when external interrupt edge detected.
Cleared when interrupt processed.

TCON.2

IT1

Interrupt 1 type control bit. Set/cleared by software to specify falling edge/low level triggered
external interrupts.

TCON.1

IE0

Interrupt 0 Edge flag. Set by hardware when external interrupt edge detected.
Cleared when interrupt processed.

TCON.0

IT0

Interrupt 0 Type control bit. Set/cleared by software to specify falling edge/low level
triggered external interrupts.

SU01516

IE0

IT1

IE1

TR0

TF0

TR1

TF1

Bit Addressable

TCON

Address = 88H

Reset Value = 00H

Figure 5. Timer/Counter 0/1 Control (TCON) Register

TLn

(8 Bits)

TFn

Interrupt

Control

C/T = 0

C/T = 1

THn

(8 Bits)

Reload

INTn Pin

Timer n
Gate bit

TRn

SU01619

OSC

Tn Pin

*d = 6 in 6-clock mode; d = 12 in 12-clock mode.

Figure 6. Timer/Counter 0/1 Mode 2: 8-Bit Auto-Reload

Philips Semiconductors

Product data

P89C60X2/61X2

80C51 8-bit Flash microcontroller family

64KB Flash, 512B/1024B RAM

2003 Sep 11

TL0

(8 Bits)

TF0

Interrupt

Control

TH0

(8 Bits)

TF1

Interrupt

Control

TR1

INT0 Pin

Timer 0
Gate bit

TR0

SU01620

C/T = 0

C/T = 1

*d = 6 in 6-clock mode; d = 12 in 12-clock mode.

OSC

T0 Pin

Figure 7. Timer/Counter 0 Mode 3: Two 8-Bit Counters

TIMER 2 OPERATION

Timer 2

Timer 2 is a 16-bit Timer/Counter which can operate as either an
event timer or an event counter, as selected by C/T2 in the special
function register T2CON (see Figure 8). Timer 2 has three operating
modes: Capture, Auto-reload (up or down counting), and Baud Rate
Generator, which are selected by bits in the T2CON as shown in
Table 6.

Capture Mode

In the capture mode there are two options which are selected by bit
EXEN2 in T2CON. If EXEN2=0, then timer 2 is a 16-bit timer or
counter (as selected by C/T2 in T2CON) which, upon overflowing,
sets bit TF2, the timer 2 overflow bit. This bit can be used to
generate an interrupt (by enabling the Timer 2 interrupt bit in the
IE register). If EXEN2=1, Timer 2 operates as described above, but
with the added feature that a 1-to-0 transition at external input T2EX
causes the current value in the Timer 2 registers, TL2 and TH2, to
be captured into registers RCAP2L and RCAP2H, respectively. In
addition, the transition at T2EX causes bit EXF2 in T2CON to be
set, and EXF2 (like TF2) can generate an interrupt (which vectors to
the same location as Timer 2 overflow interrupt. The Timer 2
interrupt service routine can interrogate TF2 and EXF2 to determine
which event caused the interrupt). The capture mode is illustrated in
Figure 9 (There is no reload value for TL2 and TH2 in this mode.
Even when a capture event occurs from T2EX, the counter keeps on
counting T2EX pin transitions or osc/12 (12-clock Mode) or osc/6
(6-clock Mode) pulses).

Auto-Reload Mode (Up or Down Counter)

In the 16-bit auto-reload mode, Timer 2 can be configured as either
a timer or counter (C/T2 in T2CON), then programmed to count up
or down. The counting direction is determined by bit DCEN (Down

Counter Enable) which is located in the T2MOD register (see
Figure 10). After reset, DCEN=0 which means Timer 2 will default to
counting up. If DCEN is set, Timer 2 can count up or down
depending on the value of the T2EX pin.

Figure 11 shows Timer 2 which will count up automatically since
DCEN=0. In this mode there are two options selected by bit EXEN2
in T2CON register. If EXEN2=0, then Timer 2 counts up to 0FFFFH
and sets the TF2 (Overflow Flag) bit upon overflow. This causes the
Timer 2 registers to be reloaded with the 16-bit value in RCAP2L
and RCAP2H. The values in RCAP2L and RCAP2H are preset by
software.

If EXEN2=1, then a 16-bit reload can be triggered either by an
overflow or by a 1-to-0 transition at input T2EX. This transition also
sets the EXF2 bit. The Timer 2 interrupt, if enabled, can be
generated when either TF2 or EXF2 are 1.

In Figure 12 DCEN=1 which enables Timer 2 to count up or down.
This mode allows pin T2EX to control the direction of count. When a
logic 1 is applied at pin T2EX, Timer 2 will count up. Timer 2 will
overflow at 0FFFFH and set the TF2 flag, which can then generate
an interrupt, if the interrupt is enabled. This timer overflow also
causes the 16-bit value in RCAP2L and RCAP2H to be reloaded
into the timer registers TL2 and TH2.

A logic 0 applied to pin T2EX causes Timer 2 to count down. The
timer will underflow when TL2 and TH2 become equal to the value
stored in RCAP2L and RCAP2H. A Timer 2 underflow sets the TF2
flag and causes 0FFFFH to be reloaded into the timer registers TL2
and TH2.

The external flag EXF2 toggles when Timer 2 underflows or
overflows. This EXF2 bit can be used as a 17th bit of resolution if
needed. The EXF2 flag does not generate an interrupt in this mode
of operation.

Philips Semiconductors

Product data

P89C60X2/61X2

80C51 8-bit Flash microcontroller family

64KB Flash, 512B/1024B RAM

2003 Sep 11

Table 6. Timer 2 Operating Modes

RCLK + TCLK

CP/RL2

TR2

MODE

16-bit Auto-reload

16-bit Capture

Baud rate generator

(off)

Symbol

Position

Name and Significance

TF2

T2CON.7

Timer 2 overflow flag set by a Timer 2 overflow and must be cleared by software. TF2 will not be set
when either RCLK or TCLK = 1.

EXF2

T2CON.6

Timer 2 external flag set when either a capture or reload is caused by a negative transition on T2EX and
EXEN2 = 1. When Timer 2 interrupt is enabled, EXF2 = 1 will cause the CPU to vector to the Timer 2
interrupt routine. EXF2 must be cleared by software. EXF2 does not cause an interrupt in up/down
counter mode (DCEN = 1).

RCLK

T2CON.5

Receive clock flag. When set, causes the serial port to use Timer 2 overflow pulses for its receive clock
in modes 1 and 3. RCLK = 0 causes Timer 1 overflow to be used for the receive clock.

TCLK

T2CON.4

Transmit clock flag. When set, causes the serial port to use Timer 2 overflow pulses for its transmit clock
in modes 1 and 3. TCLK = 0 causes Timer 1 overflows to be used for the transmit clock.

EXEN2

T2CON.3

Timer 2 external enable flag. When set, allows a capture or reload to occur as a result of a negative
transition on T2EX if Timer 2 is not being used to clock the serial port. EXEN2 = 0 causes Timer 2 to
ignore events at T2EX.

TR2

T2CON.2

Start/stop control for Timer 2. A logic 1 starts the timer.

C/T2

T2CON.1

Timer or counter select. (Timer 2)

0 = Internal timer (OSC/12 in 12-clock mode or OSC/6 in 6-clock mode)
1 = External event counter (falling edge triggered).

CP/RL2

T2CON.0

Capture/Reload flag. When set, captures will occur on negative transitions at T2EX if EXEN2 = 1. When
cleared, auto-reloads will occur either with Timer 2 overflows or negative transitions at T2EX when
EXEN2 = 1. When either RCLK = 1 or TCLK = 1, this bit is ignored and the timer is forced to auto-reload
on Timer 2 overflow.

TF2

EXF2

RCLK

TCLK

EXEN2

TR2

C/T2

CP/RL2

SU01621

Bit Addressable

T2CON

Address = C8H

Reset Value = 00H

Figure 8. Timer/Counter 2 (T2CON) Control Register

Philips Semiconductors

Product data

P89C60X2/61X2

80C51 8-bit Flash microcontroller family

64KB Flash, 512B/1024B RAM

2003 Sep 11

OSC

C/T2 = 0

C/T2 = 1

TR2

Control

TL2

(8 bits)

TH2

(8 bits)

RCAP2L

RCAP2H

EXEN2

Control

EXF2

Timer 2

Interrupt

T2EX Pin

Transition

Detector

T2 Pin

Reload

"0"

"1"

RX Clock

TX Clock

"0"

"1"

"0"

"1"

Timer 1

Overflow

Note availability of additional external interrupt.

SMOD

RCLK

TCLK

SU01625

n = 1 in 6-clock mode
n = 2 in 12-clock mode.

Figure 13. Timer 2 in Baud Rate Generator Mode

Baud Rate Generator Mode

Bits TCLK and/or RCLK in T2CON (Table 6) allow the serial port
transmit and receive baud rates to be derived from either Timer 1 or
Timer 2. When TCLK= 0, Timer 1 is used as the serial port transmit
baud rate generator. When TCLK= 1, Timer 2 is used as the serial
port transmit baud rate generator. RCLK has the same effect for the
serial port receive baud rate. With these two bits, the serial port can
have different receive and transmit baud rates one generated by
Timer 1, the other by Timer 2.

Figure 13 shows the Timer 2 in baud rate generation mode. The
baud rate generation mode is like the auto-reload mode, in that a
rollover in TH2 causes the Timer 2 registers to be reloaded with the
16-bit value in registers RCAP2H and RCAP2L, which are preset by
software.

The baud rates in modes 1 and 3 are determined by Timer 2's
overflow rate given below:

Modes 1 and 3 Baud Rates

Timer 2 Overflow Rate

The timer can be configured for either "timer" or "counter" operation.
In many applications, it is configured for "timer" operation (C/T2=0).
Timer operation is different for Timer 2 when it is being used as a
baud rate generator.

Usually, as a timer it would increment every machine cycle (i.e., 1/6
the oscillator frequency in 6-clock mode or 1/12 the oscillator
frequency in 12-clock mode). As a baud rate generator, it
increments at the oscillator frequency in 6-clock mode or at 1/2 the
oscillator frequency in 12-clock mode. Thus the baud rate formula is
as follows:

Oscillator Frequency

[65536

(RCAP2H, RCAP2L)]]

Modes 1 and 3 Baud Rates =

Where:

n = 16 in 6-clock mode, 32 in 12-clock mode.

(RCAP2H, RCAP2L)= The content of RCAP2H and RCAP2L
taken as a 16-bit unsigned integer.

The Timer 2 as a baud rate generator mode shown in Figure 13 is
valid only if RCLK and/or TCLK = 1 in T2CON register. Note that a
rollover in TH2 does not set TF2, and will not generate an interrupt.
Thus, the Timer 2 interrupt does not have to be disabled when
Timer 2 is in the baud rate generator mode. Also if the EXEN2
(T2 external enable flag) is set, a 1-to-0 transition in T2EX
(Timer/counter 2 trigger input) will set EXF2 (T2 external flag) but
will not cause a reload from (RCAP2H, RCAP2L) to (TH2,TL2).
Therefore when Timer 2 is in use as a baud rate generator, T2EX
can be used as an additional external interrupt, if needed.

When Timer 2 is in the baud rate generator mode, one should not try
to read or write TH2 and TL2. As a baud rate generator, Timer 2 is
incremented every state time (osc/2) or asynchronously from pin T2;
under these conditions, a read or write of TH2 or TL2 may not be
accurate. The RCAP2 registers may be read, but should not be
written to, because a write might overlap a reload and cause write
and/or reload errors. The timer should be turned off (clear TR2)
before accessing the Timer 2 or RCAP2 registers.

Table 7 shows commonly used baud rates and how they can be
obtained from Timer 2.

Philips Semiconductors

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P89C60X2/61X2

80C51 8-bit Flash microcontroller family

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2003 Sep 11

Table 7. Timer 2 Generated Commonly Used

Baud Rates

Baud Rate

Timer 2

12-clk

mode

6-clk

mode

Osc Freq

RCAP2H

RCAP2L

375 K

750 K

12 MHz

9.6 K

19.2 K

12 MHz

4.8 K

9.6 K

12 MHz

2.4 K

4.8 K

12 MHz

1.2 K

2.4 K

12 MHz

300

600

12 MHz

110

220

12 MHz

300

600

6 MHz

110

220

6 MHz

Summary Of Baud Rate Equations

Timer 2 is in baud rate generating mode. If Timer 2 is being clocked
through pin T2(P1.0) the baud rate is:

Baud Rate

Timer 2 Overflow Rate

If Timer 2 is being clocked internally, the baud rate is:

Baud Rate

OSC

[65536

(RCAP2H, RCAP2L)]]

Where:

n = 16 in 6-clock mode, 32 in 12-clock mode.

OSC

= Oscillator Frequency

To obtain the reload value for RCAP2H and RCAP2L, the above
equation can be rewritten as:

RCAP2H, RCAP2L

65536

OSC

Baud Rate

Timer/Counter 2 Set-up

Except for the baud rate generator mode, the values given for
T2CON do not include the setting of the TR2 bit. Therefore, bit TR2
must be set, separately, to turn the timer on. See Table 8 for set-up
of Timer 2 as a timer. Also see Table 9 for set-up of Timer 2 as a
counter.

Table 8. Timer 2 as a Timer

T2CON

MODE

INTERNAL
CONTROL
(Note 1)

EXTERNAL
CONTROL
(Note 2)

16-bit Auto-Reload

00H

08H

16-bit Capture

01H

09H

Baud rate generator receive
and transmit same baud rate

34H

36H

Receive only

24H

26H

Transmit only

14H

16H

Table 9. Timer 2 as a Counter

TMOD

MODE

INTERNAL
CONTROL
(Note 1)

EXTERNAL
CONTROL
(Note 2)

16-bit

02H

0AH

Auto-Reload

03H

0BH

NOTES:
1. Capture/reload occurs only on timer/counter overflow.
2. Capture/reload occurs on timer/counter overflow and a 1-to-0

transition on T2EX (P1.1) pin except when Timer 2 is used in the
baud rate generator mode.

Philips Semiconductors

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P89C60X2/61X2

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2003 Sep 11

FULL-DUPLEX ENHANCED UART

Standard UART operation

The serial port is full duplex, meaning it can transmit and receive
simultaneously. It is also receive-buffered, meaning it can
commence reception of a second byte before a previously received
byte has been read from the register. (However, if the first byte still
hasn't been read by the time reception of the second byte is
complete, one of the bytes will be lost.) The serial port receive and
transmit registers are both accessed at Special Function Register
SBUF. Writing to SBUF loads the transmit register, and reading
SBUF accesses a physically separate receive register.

The serial port can operate in 4 modes:

Mode 0:

Serial data enters and exits through RxD. TxD outputs
the shift clock. 8 bits are transmitted/received (LSB first).
The baud rate is fixed at 1/12 the oscillator frequency (in
12-clock mode) or 1/6 the oscillator frequency (in 6-clock
mode).

Mode 1:

10 bits are transmitted (through TxD) or received
(through RxD): a start bit (0), 8 data bits (LSB first), and
a stop bit (1). On receive, the stop bit goes into RB8 in
Special Function Register SCON. The baud rate is
variable.

Mode 2:

11 bits are transmitted (through TxD) or received
(through RxD): start bit (0), 8 data bits (LSB first), a
programmable 9th data bit, and a stop bit (1). On
Transmit, the 9th data bit (TB8 in SCON) can be
assigned the value of 0 or 1. Or, for example, the parity
bit (P, in the PSW) could be moved into TB8. On receive,
the 9th data bit goes into RB8 in Special Function
Register SCON, while the stop bit is ignored. The baud
rate is programmable to either 1/32 or 1/64 the oscillator
frequency (in 12-clock mode) or 1/16 or 1/32 the
oscillator frequency (in 6-clock mode).

Mode 3:

11 bits are transmitted (through TxD) or received
(through RxD): a start bit (0), 8 data bits (LSB first), a
programmable 9th data bit, and a stop bit (1). In fact,
Mode 3 is the same as Mode 2 in all respects except
baud rate. The baud rate in Mode 3 is variable.

In all four modes, transmission is initiated by any instruction that

uses SBUF as a destination register. Reception is initiated in Mode 0

by the condition RI = 0 and REN = 1. Reception is initiated in the
other modes by the incoming start bit if REN = 1.

Multiprocessor Communications
Modes 2 and 3 have a special provision for multiprocessor
communications. In these modes, 9 data bits are received. The 9th
one goes into RB8. Then comes a stop bit. The port can be
programmed such that when the stop bit is received, the serial port
interrupt will be activated only if RB8 = 1. This feature is enabled by
setting bit SM2 in SCON. A way to use this feature in multiprocessor
systems is as follows:

When the master processor wants to transmit a block of data to one
of several slaves, it first sends out an address byte which identifies
the target slave. An address byte differs from a data byte in that the
9th bit is 1 in an address byte and 0 in a data byte. With SM2 = 1, no
slave will be interrupted by a data byte. An address byte, however,
will interrupt all slaves, so that each slave can examine the received
byte and see if it is being addressed. The addressed slave will clear
its SM2 bit and prepare to receive the data bytes that will be coming.

The slaves that weren't being addressed leave their SM2s set and
go on about their business, ignoring the coming data bytes.

SM2 has no effect in Mode 0, and in Mode 1 can be used to check
the validity of the stop bit. In a Mode 1 reception, if SM2 = 1, the
receive interrupt will not be activated unless a valid stop bit is
received.

Serial Port Control Register
The serial port control and status register is the Special Function
Register SCON, shown in Figure 14. This register contains not only
the mode selection bits, but also the 9th data bit for transmit and
receive (TB8 and RB8), and the serial port interrupt bits (TI and RI).

Baud Rates
The baud rate in Mode 0 is fixed: Mode 0 Baud Rate = Oscillator
Frequency / 12 (in 12-clock mode) or / 6 (in 6-clock mode). The
baud rate in Mode 2 depends on the value of bit SMOD in Special
Function Register PCON. If SMOD = 0 (which is the value on reset),
and the port pins in 12-clock mode, the baud rate is 1/64 the
oscillator frequency. If SMOD = 1, the baud rate is 1/32 the oscillator
frequency. In 6-clock mode, the baud rate is 1/32 or 1/16 the
oscillator frequency, respectively.

Mode 2 Baud Rate =

SMOD

(Oscillator Frequency)

Where:

n = 64 in 12-clock mode, 32 in 6-clock mode

The baud rates in Modes 1 and 3 are determined by the Timer 1 or
Timer 2 overflow rate.

Using Timer 1 to Generate Baud Rates
When Timer 1 is used as the baud rate generator (T2CON.RCLK
= 0, T2CON.TCLK = 0), the baud rates in Modes 1 and 3 are
determined by the Timer 1 overflow rate and the value of SMOD as
follows:

Mode 1, 3 Baud Rate =

SMOD

(Timer 1 Overflow Rate)

Where:

n = 32 in 12-clock mode, 16 in 6-clock mode

The Timer 1 interrupt should be disabled in this application. The
Timer itself can be configured for either "timer" or "counter"
operation, and in any of its 3 running modes. In the most typical
applications, it is configured for "timer" operation, in the auto-reload
mode (high nibble of TMOD = 0010B). In that case the baud rate is
given by the formula:

Mode 1, 3 Baud Rate =

SMOD

Oscillator Frequency

[256(TH1)]

Where:

n = 32 in 12-clock mode, 16 in 6-clock mode

One can achieve very low baud rates with Timer 1 by leaving the
Timer 1 interrupt enabled, and configuring the Timer to run as a
16-bit timer (high nibble of TMOD = 0001B), and using the Timer 1
interrupt to do a 16-bit software reload. Figure 15 lists various
commonly used baud rates and how they can be obtained from
Timer 1.

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SM2

Enables the multiprocessor communication feature in Modes 2 and 3. In Mode 2 or 3, if SM2 is set to 1, then Rl will not be
activated if the received 9th data bit (RB8) is 0. In Mode 1, if SM2=1 then RI will not be activated if a valid stop bit was not
received. In Mode 0, SM2 should be 0.

REN

Enables serial reception. Set by software to enable reception. Clear by software to disable reception.

TB8

The 9th data bit that will be transmitted in Modes 2 and 3. Set or clear by software as desired.

RB8

In Modes 2 and 3, is the 9th data bit that was received. In Mode 1, it SM2=0, RB8 is the stop bit that was received. In Mode 0,
RB8 is not used.

Transmit interrupt flag. Set by hardware at the end of the 8th bit time in Mode 0, or at the beginning of the stop bit in the other
modes, in any serial transmission. Must be cleared by software.

Receive interrupt flag. Set by hardware at the end of the 8th bit time in Mode 0, or halfway through the stop bit time in the other
modes, in any serial reception (except see SM2). Must be cleared by software.

SM0

SM1

SM2

REN

TB8

RB8

Where SM0, SM1 specify the serial port mode, as follows:

SM0

SM1

Mode

Description

Baud Rate

shift register

OSC

/12 (12-clock mode) or f

OSC

/6 (6-clock mode)

8-bit UART

variable

9-bit UART

OSC

/64 or f

OSC

/32 (12-clock mode) or f

OSC

/32 or f

OSC

/16 (6-clock mode)

3 9-bit

UART

variable

SU01626

Bit Addressable

SCON

Address = 98H

Reset Value = 00H

Figure 14. Serial Port Control (SCON) Register

Baud Rate

SMOD

Timer 1

Mode

12-clock mode

6-clock mode

OSC

SMOD

C/T

Mode

Reload Value

Mode 0 Max

1.67 MHz

3.34 MHz

20 MHz

Mode 2 Max

625 k

1250 k

20 MHz

Mode 1, 3 Max

104.2 k

208.4 k

20 MHz

FFH

Mode 1, 3

19.2 k

38.4 k

11.059 MHz

FDH

9.6 k

19.2 k

11.059 MHz

FDH

4.8 k

9.6 k

11.059 MHz

FAH

2.4 k

4.8 k

11.059 MHz

F4H

1.2 k

2.4 k

11.059 MHz

E8H

137.5

275

11.986 MHz

1DH

110

220

6 MHz

72H

110

220

12 MHz

FEEBH

Figure 15. Timer 1 Generated Commonly Used Baud Rates

More About Mode 0
Serial data enters and exits through RxD. TxD outputs the shift
clock. 8 bits are transmitted/received: 8 data bits (LSB first). The
baud rate is fixed at 1/12 the oscillator frequency (12-clock mode) or
1/6 the oscillator frequency (6-clock mode).

Figure 16 shows a simplified functional diagram of the serial port in
Mode 0, and associated timing.

Transmission is initiated by any instruction that uses SBUF as a
destination register. The "write to SBUF" signal at S6P2 also loads a
1 into the 9th position of the transmit shift register and tells the TX
Control block to commence a transmission. The internal timing is
such that one full machine cycle will elapse between "write to SBUF"
and activation of SEND.

SEND enables the output of the shift register to the alternate output
function line of P3.0 and also enable SHIFT CLOCK to the alternate

output function line of P3.1. SHIFT CLOCK is low during S3, S4, and

S5 of every machine cycle, and high during S6, S1, and S2. At

S6P2 of every machine cycle in which SEND is active, the contents
of the transmit shift are shifted to the right one position.

As data bits shift out to the right, zeros come in from the left. When
the MSB of the data byte is at the output position of the shift register,
then the 1 that was initially loaded into the 9th position, is just to the
left of the MSB, and all positions to the left of that contain zeros.
This condition flags the TX Control block to do one last shift and
then deactivate SEND and set T1. Both of these actions occur at
S1P1 of the 10th machine cycle after "write to SBUF."

Reception is initiated by the condition REN = 1 and R1 = 0. At S6P2
of the next machine cycle, the RX Control unit writes the bits
11111110 to the receive shift register, and in the next clock phase
activates RECEIVE.

RECEIVE enable SHIFT CLOCK to the alternate output function line
of P3.1. SHIFT CLOCK makes transitions at S3P1 and S6P1 of
every machine cycle. At S6P2 of every machine cycle in which
RECEIVE is active, the contents of the receive shift register are

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shifted to the left one position. The value that comes in from the right

is the value that was sampled at the P3.0 pin at S5P2 of the same
machine cycle.

As data bits come in from the right, 1s shift out to the left. When the
0 that was initially loaded into the rightmost position arrives at the
leftmost position in the shift register, it flags the RX Control block to
do one last shift and load SBUF. At S1P1 of the 10th machine cycle
after the write to SCON that cleared RI, RECEIVE is cleared as RI is
set.

More About Mode 1
Ten bits are transmitted (through TxD), or received (through RxD): a
start bit (0), 8 data bits (LSB first), and a stop bit (1). On receive, the
stop bit goes into RB8 in SCON. In the 80C51 the baud rate is
determined by the Timer 1 or Timer 2 overflow rate.

Figure 17 shows a simplified functional diagram of the serial port in
Mode 1, and associated timings for transmit receive.

Transmission is initiated by any instruction that uses SBUF as a
destination register. The "write to SBUF" signal also loads a 1 into
the 9th bit position of the transmit shift register and flags the TX
Control unit that a transmission is requested. Transmission actually
commences at S1P1 of the machine cycle following the next rollover
in the divide-by-16 counter. (Thus, the bit times are synchronized to
the divide-by-16 counter, not to the "write to SBUF" signal.)

The transmission begins with activation of SEND which puts the
start bit at TxD. One bit time later, DATA is activated, which enables
the output bit of the transmit shift register to TxD. The first shift pulse
occurs one bit time after that.

As data bits shift out to the right, zeros are clocked in from the left.
When the MSB of the data byte is at the output position of the shift
register, then the 1 that was initially loaded into the 9th position is
just to the left of the MSB, and all positions to the left of that contain
zeros. This condition flags the TX Control unit to do one last shift
and then deactivate SEND and set TI. This occurs at the 10th
divide-by-16 rollover after "write to SBUF."

Reception is initiated by a detected 1-to-0 transition at RxD. For this
purpose RxD is sampled at a rate of 16 times whatever baud rate
has been established. When a transition is detected, the
divide-by-16 counter is immediately reset, and 1FFH is written into
the input shift register. Resetting the divide-by-16 counter aligns its
rollovers with the boundaries of the incoming bit times.

The 16 states of the counter divide each bit time into 16ths. At the
7th, 8th, and 9th counter states of each bit time, the bit detector
samples the value of RxD. The value accepted is the value that was
seen in at least 2 of the 3 samples. This is done for noise rejection.
If the value accepted during the first bit time is not 0, the receive
circuits are reset and the unit goes back to looking for another 1-to-0
transition. This is to provide rejection of false start bits. If the start bit
proves valid, it is shifted into the input shift register, and reception of
the rest of the frame will proceed.

As data bits come in from the right, 1s shift out to the left. When the
start bit arrives at the leftmost position in the shift register (which in
mode 1 is a 9-bit register), it flags the RX Control block to do one
last shift, load SBUF and RB8, and set RI. The signal to load SBUF
and RB8, and to set RI, will be generated if, and only if, the following
conditions are met at the time the final shift pulse is generated.:
1. R1 = 0, and
2. Either SM2 = 0, or the received stop bit = 1.

If either of these two conditions is not met, the received frame is
irretrievably lost. If both conditions are met, the stop bit goes into
RB8, the 8 data bits go into SBUF, and RI is activated. At this time,

whether the above conditions are met or not, the unit goes back to
looking for a 1-to-0 transition in RxD.

More About Modes 2 and 3
Eleven bits are transmitted (through TxD), or received (through
RxD): a start bit (0), 8 data bits (LSB first), a programmable 9th data
bit, and a stop bit (1). On transmit, the 9th data bit (TB8) can be
assigned the value of 0 or 1. On receive, the 9the data bit goes into
RB8 in SCON. The baud rate is programmable to either 1/32 or 1/64
(12-clock mode) or 1/16 or 1/32 the oscillator frequency (6-clock
mode) the oscillator frequency in Mode 2. Mode 3 may have a
variable baud rate generated from Timer 1 or Timer 2.

Figures 18 and 19 show a functional diagram of the serial port in
Modes 2 and 3. The receive portion is exactly the same as in Mode
1. The transmit portion differs from Mode 1 only in the 9th bit of the
transmit shift register.

Transmission is initiated by any instruction that uses SBUF as a
destination register. The "write to SBUF" signal also loads TB8 into
the 9th bit position of the transmit shift register and flags the TX
Control unit that a transmission is requested. Transmission
commences at S1P1 of the machine cycle following the next rollover
in the divide-by-16 counter. (Thus, the bit times are synchronized to
the divide-by-16 counter, not to the "write to SBUF" signal.)

The transmission begins with activation of SEND, which puts the
start bit at TxD. One bit time later, DATA is activated, which enables
the output bit of the transmit shift register to TxD. The first shift pulse
occurs one bit time after that. The first shift clocks a 1 (the stop bit)
into the 9th bit position of the shift register. Thereafter, only zeros
are clocked in. Thus, as data bits shift out to the right, zeros are
clocked in from the left. When TB8 is at the output position of the
shift register, then the stop bit is just to the left of TB8, and all
positions to the left of that contain zeros. This condition flags the TX
Control unit to do one last shift and then deactivate SEND and set

TI. This occurs at the 11th divide-by-16 rollover after "write to SUBF."

At the 7th, 8th, and 9th counter states of each bit time, the bit
detector samples the value of R-D. The value accepted is the value
that was seen in at least 2 of the 3 samples. If the value accepted
during the first bit time is not 0, the receive circuits are reset and the
unit goes back to looking for another 1-to-0 transition. If the start bit
proves valid, it is shifted into the input shift register, and reception of
the rest of the frame will proceed.

As data bits come in from the right, 1s shift out to the left. When the
start bit arrives at the leftmost position in the shift register (which in
Modes 2 and 3 is a 9-bit register), it flags the RX Control block to do
one last shift, load SBUF and RB8, and set RI.

The signal to load SBUF and RB8, and to set RI, will be generated
if, and only if, the following conditions are met at the time the final
shift pulse is generated.
1. RI = 0, and
2. Either SM2 = 0, or the received 9th data bit = 1.

If either of these conditions is not met, the received frame is
irretrievably lost, and RI is not set. If both conditions are met, the
received 9th data bit goes into RB8, and the first 8 data bits go into
SBUF. One bit time later, whether the above conditions were met or
not, the unit goes back to looking for a 1-to-0 transition at the RxD
input.

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Enhanced UART operation

In addition to the standard operation modes, the UART can perform
framing error detect by looking for missing stop bits, and automatic
address recognition. The UART also fully supports multiprocessor
communication.

When used for framing error detect the UART looks for missing stop
bits in the communication. A missing bit will set the FE bit in the
SCON register. The FE bit shares the SCON.7 bit with SM0 and the
function of SCON.7 is determined by PCON.6 (SMOD0) (see
Figure 20). If SMOD0 is set then SCON.7 functions as FE. SCON.7
functions as SM0 when SMOD0 is cleared. When used as FE
SCON.7 can only be cleared by software. Refer to Figure 21.

Automatic Address Recognition
Automatic Address Recognition is a feature which allows the UART
to recognize certain addresses in the serial bit stream by using
hardware to make the comparisons. This feature saves a great deal
of software overhead by eliminating the need for the software to
examine every serial address which passes by the serial port. This
feature is enabled by setting the SM2 bit in SCON. In the 9 bit UART
modes, mode 2 and mode 3, the Receive Interrupt flag (RI) will be
automatically set when the received byte contains either the "Given"
address or the "Broadcast" address. The 9 bit mode requires that
the 9th information bit is a 1 to indicate that the received information
is an address and not data. Automatic address recognition is shown
in Figure 22.

The 8 bit mode is called Mode 1. In this mode the RI flag will be set
if SM2 is enabled and the information received has a valid stop bit
following the 8 address bits and the information is either a Given or
Broadcast address.

Mode 0 is the Shift Register mode and SM2 is ignored.

Using the Automatic Address Recognition feature allows a master to
selectively communicate with one or more slaves by invoking the
Given slave address or addresses. All of the slaves may be
contacted by using the Broadcast address. Two special Function
Registers are used to define the slave's address, SADDR, and the
address mask, SADEN. SADEN is used to define which bits in the
SADDR are to be used and which bits are "don't care". The SADEN
mask can be logically ANDed with the SADDR to create the "Given"
address which the master will use for addressing each of the slaves.
Use of the Given address allows multiple slaves to be recognized
while excluding others. The following examples will help to show the
versatility of this scheme:

Slave 0

SADDR

1100 0000

SADEN

1111 1101

Given

1100 00X0

Slave 1

SADDR

1100 0000

SADEN

1111 1110

Given

1100 000X

In the above example SADDR is the same and the SADEN data is
used to differentiate between the two slaves. Slave 0 requires a 0 in
bit 0 and it ignores bit 1. Slave 1 requires a 0 in bit 1 and bit 0 is
ignored. A unique address for Slave 0 would be 1100 0010 since
slave 1 requires a 0 in bit 1. A unique address for slave 1 would be
1100 0001 since a 1 in bit 0 will exclude slave 0. Both slaves can be
selected at the same time by an address which has bit 0 = 0 (for
slave 0) and bit 1 = 0 (for slave 1). Thus, both could be addressed
with 1100 0000.

In a more complex system the following could be used to select
slaves 1 and 2 while excluding slave 0:

Slave 0

SADDR

1100 0000

SADEN

1111 1001

Given

1100 0XX0

Slave 1

SADDR

1110 0000

SADEN

1111 1010

Given

1110 0X0X

Slave 2

SADDR

1110 0000

SADEN

1111 1100

Given

1110 00XX

In the above example the differentiation among the 3 slaves is in the
lower 3 address bits. Slave 0 requires that bit 0 = 0 and it can be

uniquely addressed by 1110 0110. Slave 1 requires that bit 1 = 0 and

it can be uniquely addressed by 1110 and 0101. Slave 2 requires
that bit 2 = 0 and its unique address is 1110 0011. To select Slaves 0
and 1 and exclude Slave 2 use address 1110 0100, since it is
necessary to make bit 2 = 1 to exclude slave 2.

The Broadcast Address for each slave is created by taking the
logical OR of SADDR and SADEN. Zeros in this result are trended
as don't-cares. In most cases, interpreting the don't-cares as ones,
the broadcast address will be FF hexadecimal.

Upon reset SADDR (SFR address 0A9H) and SADEN (SFR
address 0B9H) are leaded with 0s. This produces a given address
of all "don't cares" as well as a Broadcast address of all "don't
cares". This effectively disables the Automatic Addressing mode and
allows the microcontroller to use standard 80C51 type UART drivers
which do not make use of this feature.

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SCON Address = 98H

Reset Value = 0000 0000B

SM0/FE

SM1

SM2

REN

TB8

RB8

Bit Addressable

(SMOD0 = 0/1)*

Symbol

Position

Function

SCON.7

Framing Error bit. This bit is set by the receiver when an invalid stop bit is detected. The FE bit is not
cleared by valid frames but should be cleared by software. The SMOD0 bit must be set to enable
access to the FE bit.*

SM0

SCON.7

Serial Port Mode Bit 0, (SMOD0 must = 0 to access bit SM0)

SM1

SCON.6

Serial Port Mode Bit 1

SM2

SCON.5

Enables the Automatic Address Recognition feature in Modes 2 or 3. If SM2 = 1 then Rl will not be set
unless the received 9th data bit (RB8) is 1, indicating an address, and the received byte is a Given or
Broadcast Address. In Mode 1, if SM2 = 1 then Rl will not be activated unless a valid stop bit was
received, and the received byte is a Given or Broadcast Address. In Mode 0, SM2 should be 0.

REN

SCON.4

Enables serial reception. Set by software to enable reception. Clear by software to disable reception.

TB8

SCON.3

The 9th data bit that will be transmitted in Modes 2 and 3. Set or clear by software as desired.

RB8

SCON.2

In modes 2 and 3, the 9th data bit that was received. In Mode 1, if SM2 = 0, RB8 is the stop bit that
was received.
In Mode 0, RB8 is not used.

SCON.1

Transmit interrupt flag. Set by hardware at the end of the 8th bit time in Mode 0, or at the beginning of
the stop bit in the other modes, in any serial transmission. Must be cleared by software.

SCON.0

Receive interrupt flag. Set by hardware at the end of the 8th bit time in Mode 0, or halfway through the
stop bit time in the other modes, in any serial reception (except see SM2). Must be cleared by
software.

NOTES:
*SMOD0 is located at PCON.6.
**f

OSC

= oscillator frequency

SU01628

SM0

SM1

Mode

Description

Baud Rate**

shift register

OSC

/12 (12-clk mode) or f

OSC

/6 (6-clk mode)

8-bit UART

variable

9-bit UART

OSC

/64 or f

OSC

/32 or f

OSC

/16 (6-clock mode) or

OSC

/32 (12-clock mode)

9-bit UART

variable

Figure 20. SCON: Serial Port Control Register

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80C51 8-bit Flash microcontroller family

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2003 Sep 11

Interrupt Priority Structure

IE0

IE1

INT0

IT0

TF0

INT1

IT1

TF1

Interrupt
Sources

SU01521

TF2, EXF2

Figure 23. Interrupt Sources

Interrupts

The devices described in this data sheet provide six interrupt
sources. These are shown in Figure 23. The External Interrupts
INT0 and INT1 can each be either level-activated or
transition-activated, depending on bits IT0 and IT1 in Register
TCON. The flags that actually generate these interrupts are bits IE0
and IE1 in TCON. When an external interrupt is generated, the flag

that generated it is cleared by the hardware when the service routine

is vectored to only if the interrupt was transition-activated. If the
interrupt was level-activated, then the external requesting source is
what controls the request flag, rather than the on-chip hardware.

The Timer 0 and Timer 1 Interrupts are generated by TF0 and TF1,
which are set by a rollover in their respective Timer/Counter
registers (except see Timer 0 in Mode 3). When a timer interrupt is
generated, the flag that generated it is cleared by the on-chip
hardware when the service routine is vectored to.

The Serial Port Interrupt is generated by the logical OR of RI and TI.
Neither of these flags is cleared by hardware when the service
routine is vectored to. In fact, the service routine will normally have
to determine whether it was RI or TI that generated the interrupt,
and the bit will have to be cleared in software.

All of the bits that generate interrupts can be set or cleared by
software, with the same result as though it had been set or cleared
by hardware. That is, interrupts can be generated or pending
interrupts can be canceled in software.

Each of these interrupt sources can be individually enabled or
disabled by setting or clearing a bit in Special Function Register IE
(Figure 24). IE also contains a global disable bit, EA, which disables
all interrupts at once.

Priority Level Structure
Each interrupt source can also be individually programmed to one of
four priority levels by setting or clearing bits in Special Function
Registers IP (Figure 25) and IPH (Figure 26). A lower-priority
interrupt can itself be interrupted by a higher-priority interrupt, but
not by another interrupt of the same level. A high-priority level 3
interrupt can't be interrupted by any other interrupt source.

If two request of different priority levels are received simultaneously,
the request of higher priority level is serviced. If requests of the
same priority level are received simultaneously, an internal polling
sequence determines which request is serviced. Thus within each
priority level there is a second priority structure determined by the
polling sequence as follows:

Source

Priority Within Level

1. IE0 (External Int 0)

(highest)

2. TF0 (Timer 0)
3. IE1 (External Int 1)
4. TF1 (Timer 1)
5. RI+TI (UART)
6. TF2, EXF2 (Timer 2)

(lowest)

Note that the "priority within level" structure is only used to resolve
simultaneous requests of the same priority level.

The IP and IPH registers contain a number of unimplemented bits.
User software should not write 1s to these positions, since they may
be used in other 80C51 Family products.

How Interrupts Are Handled
The interrupt flags are sampled at S5P2 of every machine cycle.
The samples are polled during the following machine cycle. If one of
the flags was in a set condition at S5P2 of the preceding cycle, the
polling cycle will find it and the interrupt system will generate an
LCALL to the appropriate service routine, provided this
hardware-generated LCALL is not blocked by any of the following
conditions:
1. An interrupt of equal or higher priority level is already in

progress.

2. The current (polling) cycle is not the final cycle in the execution

of the instruction in progress.

3. The instruction in progress is RETI or any write to the IE or IP

registers.

Any of these three conditions will block the generation of the LCALL
to the interrupt service routine. Condition 2 ensures that the
instruction in progress will be completed before vectoring to any
service routine. Condition 3 ensures that if the instruction in
progress is RETI or any access to IE or IP, then at least one more
instruction will be executed before any interrupt is vectored to.

The polling cycle is repeated with each machine cycle, and the
values polled are the values that were present at S5P2 of the
previous machine cycle. Note that if an interrupt flag is active but not
being responded to for one of the above conditions, if the flag is not
still active when the blocking condition is removed, the denied
interrupt will not be serviced. In other words, the fact that the
interrupt flag was once active but not serviced is not remembered.
Every polling cycle is new.

Philips Semiconductors

Product data

P89C60X2/61X2

80C51 8-bit Flash microcontroller family

64KB Flash, 512B/1024B RAM

2003 Sep 11

EX0

Enable Bit = 1 enables the interrupt.
Enable Bit = 0 disables it.

BIT

SYMBOL

FUNCTION

IE.7

Global disable bit. If EA = 0, all interrupts are disabled. If EA = 1, each interrupt can be individually
enabled or disabled by setting or clearing its enable bit.

IE.6

Not implemented. Reserved for future use.

IE.5

ET2

Timer 2 interrupt enable bit.

IE.4

Serial Port interrupt enable bit.

IE.3

ET1

Timer 1 interrupt enable bit.

IE.2

EX1

External interrupt 1 enable bit.

IE.1

ET0

Timer 0 interrupt enable bit.

IE.0

EX0

External interrupt 0 enable bit.

SU01522

ET0

EX1

ET1

ET2

Address = 0A8H

Bit Addressable

Reset Value = 0X000000B

Figure 24. Interrupt Enable (IE) Register

PX0

Priority Bit = 1 assigns higher priority
Priority Bit = 0 assigns lower priority

BIT

SYMBOL

FUNCTION

IP.7

Not implemented, reserved for future use.

IP.6

Not implemented, reserved for future use.

IP.5

PT2

Timer 2 interrupt priority bit.

IP.4

Serial Port interrupt priority bit.

IP.3

PT1

Timer 1 interrupt priority bit.

IP.2

PX1

External interrupt 1 priority bit.

IP.1

PT0

Timer 0 interrupt priority bit.

IP.0

PX0

External interrupt 0 priority bit.

SU01523

PT0

PX1

PT1

PT2

Address = 0B8H

Bit Addressable

Reset Value = xx000000B

Figure 25. Interrupt Priority (IP) Register

PX0H

Priority Bit = 1 assigns higher priority
Priority Bit = 0 assigns lower priority

BIT

SYMBOL

FUNCTION

IPH.7

Not implemented, reserved for future use.

IPH.6

Not implemented, reserved for future use.

IPH.5

PT2H

Timer 2 interrupt priority bit high.

IPH.4

PSH

Serial Port interrupt priority bit high.

IPH.3

PT1H

Timer 1 interrupt priority bit high.

IPH.2

PX1H

External interrupt 1 priority bit high.

IPH.1

PT0H

Timer 0 interrupt priority bit high.

IPH.0

PX0H

External interrupt 0 priority bit high.

SU01524

PT0H

PX1H

PT1H

PSH

PT2H

IPH

Address = B7H

Bit Addressable

Reset Value = xx000000B

Figure 26. Interrupt Priority HIGH (IPH) Register

Philips Semiconductors

Product data

P89C60X2/61X2

80C51 8-bit Flash microcontroller family

64KB Flash, 512B/1024B RAM

2003 Sep 11

. . . .

Interrupts

Are Polled

Long Call to

Interrupt

Vector Address

Interrupt Routine

Interrupt

Goes

Active

. . . . . . . . .

Interrupt

Latched

This is the fastest possible response when C2 is the final cycle of an instruction other than RETI or an access to IE or IP.

S5P2

. . . . . . . . .

SU00546

Figure 27. Interrupt Response Timing Diagram

The polling cycle/LCALL sequence is illustrated in Figure 27.

Note that if an interrupt of higher priority level goes active prior to
S5P2 of the machine cycle labeled C3 in Figure 27, then in
accordance with the above rules it will be vectored to during C5 and
C6, without any instruction of the lower priority routine having been
executed.

Thus the processor acknowledges an interrupt request by executing
a hardware-generated LCALL to the appropriate servicing routine. In

some cases it also clears the flag that generated the interrupt, and in

other cases it doesn't. It never clears the Serial Port flag. This has to
be done in the user's software. It clears an external interrupt flag
(IE0 or IE1) only if it was transition-activated. The
hardware-generated LCALL pushes the contents of the Program
Counter on to the stack (but it does not save the PSW) and reloads
the PC with an address that depends on the source of the interrupt
being vectored to, as shown in Table 10.

Execution proceeds from that location until the RETI instruction is
encountered. The RETI instruction informs the processor that this
interrupt routine is no longer in progress, then pops the top two
bytes from the stack and reloads the Program Counter. Execution of
the interrupted program continues from where it left off.

Note that a simple RET instruction would also have returned
execution to the interrupted program, but it would have left the
interrupt control system thinking an interrupt was still in progress,
making future interrupts impossible.

External Interrupts
The external sources can be programmed to be level-activated or
transition-activated by setting or clearing bit IT1 or IT0 in Register
TCON. If ITx = 0, external interrupt x is triggered by a detected low
at the INTx pin. If ITx = 1, external interrupt x is edge triggered. In
this mode if successive samples of the INTx pin show a high in one
cycle and a low in the next cycle, interrupt request flag IEx in TCON
is set. Flag bit IEx then requests the interrupt.

Since the external interrupt pins are sampled once each machine
cycle, an input high or low should hold for at least 12 oscillator
periods to ensure sampling. If the external interrupt is
transition-activated, the external source has to hold the request pin
high for at least one cycle, and then hold it low for at least one cycle.
This is done to ensure that the transition is seen so that interrupt
request flag IEx will be set. IEx will be automatically cleared by the
CPU when the service routine is called.

If the external interrupt is level-activated, the external source has to
hold the request active until the requested interrupt is actually
generated. Then it has to deactivate the request before the interrupt

service routine is completed, or else another interrupt will be
generated.

Response Time
The INT0 and INT1 levels are inverted and latched into IE0 and IE1
at S5P2 of every machine cycle. The values are not actually polled
by the circuitry until the next machine cycle. If a request is active
and conditions are right for it to be acknowledged, a hardware
subroutine call to the requested service routine will be the next
instruction to be executed. The call itself takes two cycles. Thus, a
minimum of three complete machine cycles elapse between
activation of an external interrupt request and the beginning of
execution of the first instruction of the service routine. Figure 27
shows interrupt response timings.

A longer response time would result if the request is blocked by one
of the 3 previously listed conditions. If an interrupt of equal or higher
priority level is already in progress, the additional wait time obviously
depends on the nature of the other interrupt's service routine. If the
instruction in progress is not in its final cycle, the additional wait time
cannot be more the 3 cycles, since the longest instructions (MUL
and DIV) are only 4 cycles long, and if the instruction in progress is
RETI or an access to IE or IP, the additional wait time cannot be
more than 5 cycles (a maximum of one more cycle to complete the
instruction in progress, plus 4 cycles to complete the next instruction
if the instruction is MUL or DIV).

Thus, in a single-interrupt system, the response time is always more
than 3 cycles and less than 9 cycles.

As previously mentioned, the derivatives described in this data
sheet have a four-level interrupt structure. The corresponding
registers are IE, IP and IPH. (See Figures 24, 25, and 26.) The IPH
(Interrupt Priority High) register makes the four-level interrupt
structure possible.

The function of the IPH SFR is simple and when combined with the
IP SFR determines the priority of each interrupt. The priority of each
interrupt is determined as shown in the following table:

PRIORITY BITS

INTERRUPT PRIORITY LEVEL

IPH.x

IP.x

INTERRUPT PRIORITY LEVEL

Level 0 (lowest priority)

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3 (highest priority)

Philips Semiconductors

Product data

P89C60X2/61X2

80C51 8-bit Flash microcontroller family

64KB Flash, 512B/1024B RAM

2003 Sep 11

An interrupt will be serviced as long as an interrupt of equal or
higher priority is not already being serviced. If an interrupt of equal
or higher level priority is being serviced, the new interrupt will wait
until it is finished before being serviced. If a lower priority level

interrupt is being serviced, it will be stopped and the new interrupt
serviced. When the new interrupt is finished, the lower priority level
interrupt that was stopped will be completed.

Table 10. Interrupt Table

SOURCE

POLLING PRIORITY

REQUEST BITS

HARDWARE CLEAR?

VECTOR ADDRESS

External interrupt 0

IE0

N (L)

Y (T)

03H

Timer 0

TF0

0BH

External interrupt 1

IE1

N (L)

Y (T)

13H

Timer 1

TF1

1BH

UART

RI, TI

23H

Timer 2

TF2, EXF2

2BH

NOTES:
1. L = Level activated
2. T = Transition activated

Reduced EMI Mode

The AO bit (AUXR.0) in the AUXR register when set disables the
ALE output, unless the CPU needs to perform an off-chip memory
access.

AUXR (8EH)

EXTRAM

AUXR.0

Turns off ALE output.

AUXR.1

EXTRAM

Controls external data memory
access.

Dual DPTR

The dual DPTR structure (see Figure 28) enables a way to specify
the address of an external data memory location. There are two
16-bit DPTR registers that address the external memory, and a
single bit called DPS = AUXR1/bit0 that allows the program code to
switch between them.

New Register Name: AUXR1#

SFR Address: A2H

Reset Value: xxx000x0B

AUXR1 (A2H)

GF2

DPS

Where:

DPS = AUXR1/bit0 = Switches between DPTR0 and DPTR1.

Select Reg

DPS

DPTR0

DPTR1

The DPS bit status should be saved by software when switching
between DPTR0 and DPTR1.

The GF2 bit is a general purpose user-defined flag.

Note that bit 2 is not writable and is always read as a zero. This
allows the DPS bit to be quickly toggled simply by executing an INC
AUXR1 instruction without affecting the GF2 bit.

DPS

DPTR1

DPTR0

DPH

(83H)

DPL

(82H)

EXTERNAL

DATA

MEMORY

SU00745A

BIT0

AUXR1

Figure 28.

DPTR Instructions
The instructions that refer to DPTR refer to the data pointer that is
currently selected using the AUXR1/bit 0 register. The six
instructions that use the DPTR are as follows:

INC DPTR

Increments the data pointer by 1

MOV DPTR, #data16

Loads the DPTR with a 16-bit constant

MOV A, @ A+DPTR

Move code byte relative to DPTR to ACC

MOVX A, @ DPTR

Move external RAM (16-bit address) to
ACC

MOVX @ DPTR , A

Move ACC to external RAM (16-bit
address)

JMP @ A + DPTR

Jump indirect relative to DPTR

The data pointer can be accessed on a byte-by-byte basis by
specifying the low or high byte in an instruction which accesses the
SFRs. See application note AN458 for more details.

Philips Semiconductors

Product data

P89C60X2/61X2

80C51 8-bit Flash microcontroller family

64KB Flash, 512B/1024B RAM

2003 Sep 11

Expanded Data RAM Addressing

The P89C60X2 has internal data memory that is mapped into four
separate segments: the lower 128 bytes of RAM, upper 128 bytes of
RAM, 128 bytes Special Function Register (SFR), and 256 bytes
expanded RAM (ERAM) (768 bytes for the P89C61X2).

The four segments are:
1. The Lower 128 bytes of RAM (addresses 00H to 7FH) are

directly and indirectly addressable.

2. The Upper 128 bytes of RAM (addresses 80H to FFH) are

indirectly addressable only.

3. The Special Function Registers, SFRs, (addresses 80H to FFH)

are directly addressable only.

4. The 256/768-bytes expanded RAM (ERAM, 00H 1FFH/2FFH)

are indirectly accessed by move external instruction, MOVX, and
with the EXTRAM bit cleared, see Figure 29.

The Lower 128 bytes can be accessed by either direct or indirect
addressing. The Upper 128 bytes can be accessed by indirect
addressing only. The Upper 128 bytes occupy the same address
space as the SFR. That means they have the same address, but are
physically separate from SFR space.

When an instruction accesses an internal location above address
7FH, the CPU knows whether the access is to the upper 128 bytes
of data RAM or to SFR space by the addressing mode used in the
instruction. Instructions that use direct addressing access SFR
space. For example:

MOV 0A0H,#data

accesses the SFR at location 0A0H (which is P2). Instructions that
use indirect addressing access the Upper 128 bytes of data RAM.

For example:

MOV @R0,acc

where R0 contains 0A0H, accesses the data byte at address 0A0H,
rather than P2 (whose address is 0A0H).

The ERAM can be accessed by indirect addressing, with EXTRAM
bit cleared and MOVX instructions. This part of memory is physically
located on-chip, logically occupies the first 256/768 bytes of external
data memory in the P89C60X2/61X2.

With EXTRAM = 0, the ERAM is indirectly addressed, using the
MOVX instruction in combination with any of the registers R0, R1 of
the selected bank or DPTR. An access to ERAM will not affect ports
P0, P3.6 (WR#) and P3.7 (RD#). P2 SFR is output during external
addressing. For example, with EXTRAM = 0,

MOVX @R0,acc

where R0 contains 0A0H, accesses the ERAM at address 0A0H
rather than external memory. An access to external data memory
locations higher than the ERAM will be performed with the MOVX
DPTR instructions in the same way as in the standard 80C51, so
with P0 and P2 as data/address bus, and P3.6 and P3.7 as write
and read timing signals. Refer to Figure 30.

With EXTRAM = 1, MOVX @Ri and MOVX @DPTR will be similar
to the standard 80C51. MOVX @ Ri will provide an 8-bit address
multiplexed with data on Port 0 and any output port pins can be
used to output higher order address bits. This is to provide the
external paging capability. MOVX @DPTR will generate a 16-bit
address. Port 2 outputs the high-order eight address bits (the
contents of DPH) while Port 0 multiplexes the low-order eight
address bits (DPL) with data. MOVX @Ri and MOVX @DPTR will
generate either read or write signals on P3.6 (WR) and P3.7 (RD).

The stack pointer (SP) may be located anywhere in the 256 bytes
RAM (lower and upper RAM) internal data memory. The stack may
not be located in the ERAM.

AUXR

Reset Value = xxxx xx00B

EXTRAM

Not Bit Addressable

Bit:

Symbol

Function

Disable/Enable ALE

Operating Mode

ALE is emitted at a constant rate of

the oscillator frequency (12-clock mode;

OSC

in 6-clock mode).

ALE is active only during off-chip memory access.

EXTRAM

Internal/External RAM access using MOVX @Ri/@DPTR

EXTRAM

Operating Mode

Internal ERAM access using MOVX @Ri/@DPTR

External data memory access.

Not implemented, reserved for future use*.

NOTE:
*User software should not write 1s to reserved bits. These bits may be used in future 8051 family products to invoke new features. In that case, the reset or inactive value
of the new bit will be 0, and its active value will be 1. The value read from a reserved bit is indeterminate.

SU01613

Address = 8EH

Figure 29. AUXR: Auxiliary Register

Philips Semiconductors

Product data

P89C60X2/61X2

80C51 8-bit Flash microcontroller family

64KB Flash, 512B/1024B RAM

2003 Sep 11

ERAM

256 or 768 BYTES

UPPER

128 BYTES

INTERNAL RAM

LOWER

128 BYTES

INTERNAL RAM

SPECIAL

FUNCTION
REGISTER

100

EXTERNAL

DATA

MEMORY

FFFF

0000

SU01293

Figure 30. Internal and External Data Memory Address Space with EXTRAM = 0

HARDWARE WATCHDOG TIMER (ONE-TIME
ENABLED WITH RESET-OUT FOR
P89C51RA2/RB2/RC2/RD2xx)

The WDT is intended as a recovery method in situations where the
CPU may be subjected to software upset. The WDT consists of a
14-bit counter and the Watchdog Timer reset (WDTRST) SFR. The
WDT is disabled at reset. To enable the WDT, the user must write
01EH and 0E1H in sequence to the WDTRST, SFR location 0A6H.
When the WDT is enabled, it will increment every machine cycle
while the oscillator is running and there is no way to disable the
WDT except through reset (either hardware reset or WDT overflow
reset). When the WDT overflows, it will drive an output reset HIGH
pulse at the RST-pin (see the note below).

Using the WDT

To enable the WDT, the user must write 01EH and 0E1H in
sequence to the WDTRST, SFR location 0A6H. When the WDT is

enabled, the user needs to service it by writing 01EH and 0E1H to
WDTRST to avoid a WDT overflow. The 14-bit counter overflows
when it reaches 16383 (3FFFH) and this will reset the device. When
the WDT is enabled, it will increment every machine cycle while the
oscillator is running. This means the user must reset the WDT at
least every 16383 machine cycles. To reset the WDT, the user must
write 01EH and 0E1h to WDTRST. WDTRST is a write only register.
the WDT counter cannot be read or written. When the WDT
overflows, it will generate an output RESET pulse at the reset pin
(see note below). The RESET pulse duration is 98

OSC

(6-clock

mode; 196 in 12-clock mode), where T

OSC

= 1/f

OSC

. To make the

best use of the WDT, it should be serviced in those sections of code
that will periodically be executed within the time required to prevent
a WDT reset.

Philips Semiconductors

Product data

P89C60X2/61X2

80C51 8-bit Flash microcontroller family

64KB Flash, 512B/1024B RAM

2003 Sep 11

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

1, 2, 3

PARAMETER

RATING

UNIT

Operating temperature under bias

0 to +70

Storage temperature range

65 to +150

Voltage on EA/V

pin to V

0 to +13.0

Voltage on any other pin to V

0.5 to +6.5

Maximum I

per I/O pin

Power dissipation (based on package heat transfer limitations, not device power consumption)

1.5

NOTES:
1. Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and

functional operation of the device at these or any conditions other than those described in the AC and DC Electrical Characteristics section
of this specification is not implied.

2. This product includes circuitry specifically designed for the protection of its internal devices from the damaging effects of excessive static

charge. Nonetheless, it is suggested that conventional precautions be taken to avoid applying greater than the rated maximum.

3. Parameters are valid over operating temperature range unless otherwise specified. All voltages are with respect to V

unless otherwise

noted.

AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

amb

= 0

C to +70

CLOCK FREQUENCY

RANGE

SYMBOL

FIGURE

PARAMETER

OPERATING MODE

POWER SUPPLY

VOLTAGE

MIN

MAX

UNIT

1/t

CLCL

Oscillator frequency

6-clock

5 V

10%

MHz

12-clock

5 V

10%

MHz

Philips Semiconductors

Product data

P89C60X2/61X2

80C51 8-bit Flash microcontroller family

64KB Flash, 512B/1024B RAM

2003 Sep 11

DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

amb

= 0

C to +70

C; V

= 5 V

10%; V

= 0 V (20/33 MHz max. CPU clock)

SYMBOL

PARAMETER

TEST
CONDITIONS

LIMITS

UNIT

MIN

TYP

MAX

Input low voltage

4.5 V < V

< 5.5 V

0.5

0.2 V

0.1

Input high voltage (ports 0, 1, 2, 3, EA)

0.2 V

+0.9

+0.5

IH1

Input high voltage, XTAL1, RST

0.7 V

+0.5

Output low voltage, ports 1, 2, 3

= 4.5 V; I

= 1.6 mA

0.4

OL1

Output low voltage, port 0, ALE, PSEN

7, 8

= 4.5 V; I

= 3.2 mA

0.45

Output high voltage, ports 1, 2, 3

= 4.5 V; I

= 30

0.7

OH1

Output high voltage (port 0 in external bus
mode), ALE

, PSEN

= 4.5 V; I

= 3.2 mA

0.7

Logical 0 input current, ports 1, 2, 3

= 0.4 V

Logical 1-to-0 transition current, ports 1, 2, 3

= 2.0 V; See note 4

650

Input leakage current, port 0

0.45 < V

< V

0.3

Power supply current (see Figure 38):

See note 5

Active mode (see Note 5)

Idle mode (see Note 5)

Power-down mode or clock stopped

amb

= 0

C to 70

<30

100

(see Figure 42 for conditions)

Programming and erase mode

OSC

= 20MHz

RST

Internal reset pull-down resistor

225

Pin capacitance

(except EA)

NOTES:
1. Typical ratings are not guaranteed. The values listed are at room temperature, 5 V.
2. Capacitive loading on ports 0 and 2 may cause spurious noise to be superimposed on the V

s of ALE and ports 1 and 3. The noise is due

to external bus capacitance discharging into the port 0 and port 2 pins when these pins make 1-to-0 transitions during bus operations. In the
worst cases (capacitive loading > 100 pF), the noise pulse on the ALE pin may exceed 0.8 V. In such cases, it may be desirable to qualify
ALE with a Schmitt Trigger, or use an address latch with a Schmitt Trigger STROBE input. I

can exceed these conditions provided that no

single output sinks more than 5 mA and no more than two outputs exceed the test conditions.

3. Capacitive loading on ports 0 and 2 may cause the V

on ALE and PSEN to momentarily fall below the V

0.7 specification when the

address bits are stabilizing.

4. Pins of ports 1, 2 and 3 source a transition current when they are being externally driven from 1 to 0. The transition current reaches its

maximum value when V

is approximately 2 V.

5. See Figures 39 through 42 for I

test conditions and Figure 38 for I

vs. Frequency.

12-clock mode characteristics:

Active mode:

(MAX) = (8.5 + 0.62

FREQ. [MHz])mA

Idle mode:

(MAX) = (3.5 + 0.18

FREQ. [MHz])mA

6. This value applies to T

amb

= 0

C to +70

7. Load capacitance for port 0, ALE, and PSEN = 100 pF, load capacitance for all other outputs = 80 pF.
8. Under steady state (non-transient) conditions, I

must be externally limited as follows:

Maximum I

per port pin:

15 mA

Maximum I

per 8-bit port:

26 mA

Maximum total I

for all outputs:

71 mA

If I

exceeds the test condition, V

may exceed the related specification. Pins are not guaranteed to sink current greater than the listed

test conditions.

9. ALE is tested to V

OH1

, except when ALE is off then V

is the voltage specification.

10. Pin capacitance is characterized but not tested. Pin capacitance is less than 25 pF. Pin capacitance of ceramic package is less than 15 pF

(except EA is 25 pF).

11. To improve noise rejection a nominal 100 ns glitch rejection circuitry has been added to the RST pin, and a nominal 15 ns glitch rejection

circuitry has been added to the INT0 and INT1 pins. Previous devices provided only an inherent 5 ns of glitch rejection.

Philips Semiconductors

Product data

P89C60X2/61X2

80C51 8-bit Flash microcontroller family

64KB Flash, 512B/1024B RAM

2003 Sep 11

AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (12-CLOCK MODE)

amb

= 0

C to +70

C; V

= 5 V

10%, V

= 0 V

1, 2, 3

SYMBOL

FIGURE

PARAMETER

VARIABLE CLOCK

33 MHz CLOCK

MIN

MAX

MIN

MAX

UNIT

1/t

CLCL

Oscillator frequency

MHz

LHLL

ALE pulse width

CLCL

AVLL

Address valid to ALE low

CLCL

LLAX

Address hold after ALE low

CLCL

LLIV

ALE low to valid instruction in

CLCL

LLPL

ALE low to PSEN low

CLCL

PLPH

PSEN pulse width

CLCL

PLIV

PSEN low to valid instruction in

CLCL

PXIX

Input instruction hold after PSEN

PXIZ

Input instruction float after PSEN

CLCL

AVIV

Address to valid instruction in

CLCL

PLAZ

PSEN low to address float

Data Memory

RLRH

RD pulse width

CLCL

100

WLWH

WR pulse width

CLCL

100

RLDV

RD low to valid data in

CLCL

RHDX

Data hold after RD

RHDZ

Data float after RD

CLCL

LLDV

ALE low to valid data in

CLCL

150

AVDV

Address to valid data in

CLCL

165

105

LLWL

32, 33

ALE low to RD or WR low

CLCL

+50

140

AVWL

32, 33

Address valid to WR low or RD low

CLCL

QVWX

Data valid to WR transition

CLCL

WHQX

Data hold after WR

CLCL

QVWH

Data valid to WR high

CLCL

130

RLAZ

RD low to address float

WHLH

32, 33

RD or WR high to ALE high

CLCL

+25

External Clock

CHCX

High time

CLCL

CLCX

Low time

CLCL

CHCX

CLCH

Rise time

CHCL

Fall time

Shift Register

XLXL

Serial port clock cycle time

12t

CLCL

360

QVXH

Output data setup to clock rising edge

10t

CLCL

133

167

XHQX

Output data hold after clock rising edge

CLCL

XHDX

Input data hold after clock rising edge

XHDV

Clock rising edge to input data valid

10t

CLCL

133

167

NOTES:
1. Parameters are valid over operating temperature range unless otherwise specified.
2. Load capacitance for port 0, ALE, and PSEN = 100 pF, load capacitance for all other outputs = 80 pF.
3. Interfacing the microcontroller to devices with float times up to 45 ns is permitted. This limited bus contention will not cause damage to

Port 0 drivers.

4. Parts are tested to 3.5 MHz, but guaranteed to operate down to 0 Hz.

Philips Semiconductors

Product data

P89C60X2/61X2

80C51 8-bit Flash microcontroller family

64KB Flash, 512B/1024B RAM

2003 Sep 11

AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (6-CLOCK MODE)

amb

= 0

C to +70

C; V

= 5 V

10%, V

= 0 V

1, 2, 3

SYMBOL

FIGURE

PARAMETER

VARIABLE CLOCK

20 MHz CLOCK

MIN

MAX

MIN

MAX

UNIT

1/t

CLCL

Oscillator frequency

MHz

LHLL

ALE pulse width

CLCL

AVLL

Address valid to ALE low

0.5t

CLCL

LLAX

Address hold after ALE low

0.5t

CLCL

LLIV

ALE low to valid instruction in

CLCL

LLPL

ALE low to PSEN low

0.5t

CLCL

PLPH

PSEN pulse width

1.5t

CLCL

PLIV

PSEN low to valid instruction in

1.5t

CLCL

PXIX

Input instruction hold after PSEN

PXIZ

Input instruction float after PSEN

0.5t

CLCL

AVIV

Address to valid instruction in

2.5t

CLCL

PLAZ

PSEN low to address float

Data Memory

RLRH

RD pulse width

CLCL

100

WLWH

WR pulse width

CLCL

100

RLDV

RD low to valid data in

2.5t

CLCL

RHDX

Data hold after RD

RHDZ

Data float after RD

CLCL

LLDV

ALE low to valid data in

CLCL

150

AVDV

Address to valid data in

4.5t

CLCL

165

LLWL

32, 33

ALE low to RD or WR low

1.5t

CLCL

1.5t

CLCL

+50

125

AVWL

32, 33

Address valid to WR low or RD low

CLCL

QVWX

Data valid to WR transition

0.5t

CLCL

WHQX

Data hold after WR

0.5t

CLCL

QVWH

Data valid to WR high

3.5t

CLCL

130

RLAZ

RD low to address float

WHLH

32, 33

RD or WR high to ALE high

0.5t

CLCL

0.5t

CLCL

+20

External Clock

CHCX

High time

CLCL

CLCX

Low time

CLCL

CHCX

CLCH

Rise time

CHCL

Fall time

Shift Register

XLXL

Serial port clock cycle time

CLCL

300

QVXH

Output data setup to clock rising edge

CLCL

133

117

XHQX

Output data hold after clock rising edge

CLCL

XHDX

Input data hold after clock rising edge

XHDV

Clock rising edge to input data valid

CLCL

133

117

Port 0 drivers.

4. Parts are tested to 2 MHz, but are guaranteed to operate down to 0 Hz.

Philips Semiconductors

Product data

P89C60X2/61X2

80C51 8-bit Flash microcontroller family

64KB Flash, 512B/1024B RAM

2003 Sep 11

REVISION HISTORY

Rev

Date

Description

20030911

Preliminary data (9397 750 11927); ECN 853-2400 30250 of 25 August 2003

Modifications:

Added Watchdog Timer feature

Added DIP40 package

20020723

Preliminary data (9397 750 10131)

Definitions

Short-form specification -- The data in a short-form specification is extracted from a full data sheet with the same type number and title. For detailed information see
the relevant data sheet or data handbook.

Limiting values definition -- Limiting values given are in accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 60134). Stress above one or more of the limiting
values may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and operation of the device at these or at any other conditions above those given
in the Characteristics sections of the specification is not implied. Exposure to limiting values for extended periods may affect device reliability.

Application information -- Applications that are described herein for any of these products are for illustrative purposes only. Philips Semiconductors make no
representation or warranty that such applications will be suitable for the specified use without further testing or modification.

Disclaimers

Life support -- These products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices, or systems where malfunction of these products can reasonably be
expected to result in personal injury. Philips Semiconductors customers using or selling these products for use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree
to fully indemnify Philips Semiconductors for any damages resulting from such application.

Right to make changes -- Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to make changes in the products--including circuits, standard cells, and/or software--described
or contained herein in order to improve design and/or performance. When the product is in full production (status `Production'), relevant changes will be communicated
via a Customer Product/Process Change Notification (CPCN). Philips Semiconductors assumes no responsibility or liability for the use of any of these products, conveys
no license or title under any patent, copyright, or mask work right to these products, and makes no representations or warranties that these products are free from patent,
copyright, or mask work right infringement, unless otherwise specified.

Contact information

For additional information please visit
http://www.semiconductors.philips.com.

Fax: +31 40 27 24825

For sales offices addresses send e-mail to:
sales.addresses@www.semiconductors.philips.com.

Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2003

Date of release: 09-03

Document order number:

9397 750 11927

Philips

Semiconductors

Data sheet status

[1]

Objective data

Preliminary data

Product data

Product
status

[2] [3]

Development

Qualification

Production

Definitions

This data sheet contains data from the objective specification for product development.
Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to change the specification in any manner without notice.

This data sheet contains data from the preliminary specification. Supplementary data will be published

at a later date. Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to change the specification without notice, in

order to improve the design and supply the best possible product.

This data sheet contains data from the product specification. Philips Semiconductors reserves the

right to make changes at any time in order to improve the design, manufacturing and supply. Relevant

changes will be communicated via a Customer Product/Process Change Notification (CPCN).

Data sheet status

[1] Please consult the most recently issued data sheet before initiating or completing a design.

[2] The product status of the device(s) described in this data sheet may have changed since this data sheet was published. The latest information is available on the Internet at URL

http://www.semiconductors.philips.com.

[3] For data sheets describing multiple type numbers, the highest-level product status determines the data sheet status.

Level

III

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Document Outline

Ð­Ð»ÐµÐºÑ‚Ñ€Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ñ‹Ð¹ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÐµÐ½Ñ‚: 89C61X2

Document Outline

ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑ‚Ñ€Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ñ‹Ð¹ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÐµÐ½Ñ‚: 89C61X2