1998 Apr 21

Philips Semiconductors

Product specification

32 kHz watch circuits with adaptive motor
pulse

PCA146x series

FEATURES

32 kHz oscillator, amplitude regulated with excellent
frequency stability

High immunity of the oscillator to leakage currents

Time calibration electrically programmable and
reprogrammable (via EEPROM)

A quartz crystal is the only external component required

Very low current consumption; typically 170 nA

Output for bipolar stepping motors of different types

Up to 50% reduction in motor current compared with
conventional circuits, by self adaption of the motor pulse
width to match the required torque of the motor

No loss of motor steps possible because of on-chip
detection of the induced motor voltage

Detector for lithium or silver-oxide battery voltage levels

Indication for battery end-of-life

Stop function for accurate timing

Power-on reset for fast testing

Various test modes for testing the mechanical parts of
the watch and the IC.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The PCA146x series devices are CMOS integrated circuits
specially suited for battery-operated,
quartz-crystal-controlled wrist-watches, with a bipolar
stepping motor.

ORDERING INFORMATION

Note

1. Figure 1 and Chapter "Package outline" show details of standard package, available for large orders only.

Chapter "Chip dimensions and bonding pad locations" shows exact pad locations for other delivery formats.

TYPE

NUMBER

PACKAGE

(1)

NAME

DESCRIPTION

VERSION

PCA1461U

chip in tray

PCA1461U/10

chip on foil

PCA1462U

chip in tray

PCA1462U/7

chip with bumps on tape

PCA1462U/10

chip on foil

PCA1463U

chip in tray

PCA1463U/10

chip on foil

PCA1465U/10

chip on foil

PCA1465U/7

chip with bumps on tape

PCA1467U/10

chip on foil

1998 Apr 21

Philips Semiconductors

Product specification

32 kHz watch circuits with adaptive motor
pulse

PCA146x series

PINNING

SYMBOL

PIN

DESCRIPTION

ground (0 V)

TEST

test output

OSC IN

oscillator input

OSC OUT

oscillator output

supply voltage

motor 1 output

motor 2 output

RESET

reset input

Fig.1 Pin configuration, PCA146xT, (PMFP8).

PCA146xT

VSS

TEST

OSC IN

OSC OUT

RESET

VDD

MSA937

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION AND TESTING

The motor output delivers pulses of six different stages
depending on the torque required to turn the motor
(Figs. 3 and 4). Every motor pulse is followed by a
detection phase which monitors the waveform of the
induced motor voltage. When a step is missed a correction
sequence will be started (Fig.2).

Motor pulses

The circuit produces motor pulses of six different stages
(stage 1 to 5, stage 8). Each stage has two independent
modes: silver-oxide and lithium. The voltage level of V

determines which mode is selected (see Section "Voltage
level detector").

Stages 1 to 5 (both modes) are used in normal operation,
stage 8 occurs under the following conditions:

Correction pulse after a missing step (both modes)

End-of-life mode

If stage 5 is not enough to turn the motor (both modes).

In the silver-oxide mode, the ON state of the motor pulse
varies between 56.25% and 100% of the duty factor
t

= 977

s depending on the stage (Fig.3). It increases

in steps of 6.25% per stage.

In the lithium mode, the ON state of the motor pulse is
reduced by 18.75% of the duty factor t

(Fig.4) to

compensate for the increase in the voltage level.

After a RESET the circuit always starts and continues with
stage 1, when all motor pulses have been executed.
A failure to execute all motor pulses results in the circuit
going into stage 2, this sequence will be repeated through
to stage 8.

When the motor pulses at stage 5 are not large enough to
turn the motor, stage 8 is implemented for a maximum of
8 minutes with no attempt to keep current consumption
low. After stage 8 has been executed the procedure is
repeated from RESET.

The circuit operates for 8 minutes at a fixed stage, if every
motor pulse is executed. The next 480 motor pulses are
then produced at the next lower stage unless a missing
step is detected. If a step is missed a correction sequence
is produced and for a maximum of 8 minutes the motor
pulses are increased by one stage.

1998 Apr 21

Philips Semiconductors

Product specification

32 kHz watch circuits with adaptive motor
pulse

PCA146x series

Voltage level detector

The supply voltage is compared with the internal voltage
reference V

LIT

and V

EOL

every minute. The first voltage

level detection is carried out 30 ms after RESET.

When a lithium voltage level is detected (V

LIT

), the

circuit starts operating in the lithium mode (Fig.4).

When the detected V

voltage level is between V

LIT

and

EOL

, the circuit operates in the silver-oxide mode (Fig.3).

If the battery end-of-life is detected (V

< V

EOL

), the

detection and stage control is switched OFF and the
waveform produced is an unchopped version of the
stage 8 waveform. To indicate this condition the waveform
is produced in bursts of 4 pulses every 4 s.

Detection of motor movement

After a motor pulse, the motor is short-circuited to V

for

1 ms. Afterwards the energy in the motor inductor will be
dissipated to measure only the current generated by the
induced motor voltage. During the time t

(dissipation of

energy time) all switches shown in Fig.5 are open to
reduce the current as fast as possible. The current will now
flow through the diodes D3 and D2, or D4 and D1. Then
the first of 52 possible measurement cycles (t

) starts to

measure the induced current.

Fig.5 Motor driving and detecting circuit.

MSA941

VDD

VSS

MOTOR

1998 Apr 21

Philips Semiconductors

Product specification

32 kHz watch circuits with adaptive motor
pulse

PCA146x series

Detection criteria

The PCA146x uses current detection in two defined parts
of the detection phase to determine if the motor has moved
(refer to Figs 6 and 7). The detection criteria are:

part 1

Minimum value of P = 1; where P = number of
measured positive current polarities after t

part 2

Minimum value of N = 2; where N = number of
measured positive current polarities since the first
negative current polarity after part 1 was detected
(see Fig.6).

If the opposite polarity is measured in one part, the internal
counter is reset, so the results of all measurements in this
part are ignored.

The waveform of the induced current must enable all these
measurements within the time t

after the end of a positive

motor pulse in order to be accepted as a waveform of an
executed motor pulse.

If the detection criterion is satisfied earlier, a measurement
cycle will not be started and the switches P1 and P2 stay
closed, the motor is switched to V

Every measurement cycle (t

) has 4 phases. These are

detailed in Table 1.

Note that detection and pulse width control will be switched
OFF when the battery voltage is below the end-of-life
voltage (V

EOL

), or if stage 5 is not sufficient to turn the

motor.

Table 1

Measurement cycle

SYMBOL

PHASE

DESCRIPTION

During t

the switches P1 and P2 are closed in order to switch the motor to V

, so the

induced current flows unaffected through the motor inductance.

Measures the induced current; during a maximum time t

all switches are open until a change

is sensed by one of the level detectors (L1, L2). The motor is short-circuited to V

Depending on the direction of the interrupted current:

The current flows through diodes D3 and D2, causing the voltage at M1 to decrease in relation
to M2;

The current flows through diodes D4 and D1, causing the voltage at M2 to decrease in relation
to M1.

A successfully detected current polarity is normally characterized by a short pulse of
0.5 to 10

s with a voltage up to

2.1 V, failed polarity detection by the maximum pulse width of

s and a voltage of

0.5 V (see Fig.7).

The switches P1 and P2 remain closed for the time t

If the circuit detects fewer pulses than P and N respectively, a pulse of the time t

occurs to

reduce the induced current. Therefore P2 and P1 are opened and N1 and N2 are closed.
Otherwise P1 and P2 remain closed.

1998 Apr 21

Philips Semiconductors

Product specification

32 kHz watch circuits with adaptive motor
pulse

PCA146x series

Time calibration

Taking a normal quartz crystal with frequency 32768kHz,
frequency deviation (

f/f) of

and C

= 8.2 pF;

the oscillator frequency is offset (by using non-symmetrical
internal oscillator input and output capacitances of 10 pF
and 15 pF) such that the frequency deviation is
positive-only. This positive deviation can then be
compensated for to maintain time-keeping accuracy.

Once the positive frequency deviation is measured, a
corresponding number `n' (see Table 2) can be
programmed into the device's EEPROM. This causes n
pulses of frequency 8192 Hz to be inhibited every minute
of operation, which achieves the required calibration.

The programming circuit is shown in Fig.9. The required
number n is programmed into EEPROM by varying V

according to the steps shown in Fig.10, which are
explained below:

1. The positive quartz frequency deviation (

f/f) is

measured, and the corresponding values of n are
found according to Table 2.

2. V

is increased to 5.1 V allowing the contents of the

EEPROM to be checked from the motor pulse period
t

at nominal frequency.

3. V

is decreased to 2.5 V during a motor pulse to

initialize a storing sequence.

4. The first V

pulse to 5.1 V erases the contents of

EEPROM.

5. When the EEPROM is erased a logic 1 is at the TEST

pin.

6. V

is increased to 5.1 V to read the data by pulsing

n times to 4.5 V. After the n edge, V

decreased to 2.5 V.

7. V

is increased to 5.1 V to store n bits in the

EEPROM.

8. V

is decreased to 2.5 V to terminate the storing

sequence and to return to operating mode.

9. V

is increased to 5.1 V to check writing from the

motor pulse period t

10. V

is decreased to the operation voltage between

two motor pulses to return to operating mode.
(Decreasing V

during the motor pulse would restart

the programming mode).

The time calibration can be reprogrammed up to 100
times.

Table 2

Quartz crystal frequency deviation, n and t

Notes

1. Increments of 2.03

/step.

2. Increments of 122

s/step.

FREQUENCY

DEVIATION

f/f

(

)

NUMBER OF

PULSES

(n)

(ms)

(1)

31.250

(2)

+2.03

31.372

+4.06

31.494

+127.89

38.936

Fig.9 Circuit for programming the time calibration.

MSA940

VDD

RESET

VSS

TEST

OSC IN

OSC OUT

PCA146x

SERIES

32 kHz

SIGNAL GENERATOR

1998 Apr 21

Philips Semiconductors

Product specification

32 kHz watch circuits with adaptive motor
pulse

PCA146x series

Power-on reset

For correct operation of the Power-on reset the rise time of
V

from 0 V to 2.1 V should be less than 0.1 ms.

All resetable flip-flops are reset. Additionally the polarity of
the first motor pulse is positive: V

0 V.

Customer testing

An output frequency of 32 Hz is provided at RESET (pin 8)
to be used for exact frequency measurement. Every
minute a jitter occurs as a result of the inhibition, which
occurs 90 to 150 ms after disconnecting the RESET from
V

Connecting the RESET to V

stops the motor pulses

leaving them in a 3-state mode and sets the motor pulse
width for the next available motor pulse to stage 1 in the
silver-oxide mode. A 32 Hz signal without jitter is produced
at the TEST pin.
Debounce time RESET = 14.7 to 123.2 ms.

Connecting RESET to V

activates Tests 1 and 2 and

disables the inhibition.

Test 1, V

> V

EOL

. Normal function takes place except

that the motor pulse period is t

= 125 ms instead of t

and the motor pulse stage is reduced every second
instead of every 8 minutes. At TEST a speeded-up
8 minute signal is available.

Test 2, V

< V

EOL

. Motor pulses of stage 8 are produced,

with a time period of t

= 31.25 ms.

Test and reset modes are terminated by disconnecting the
RESET pin.

Test 3, V

> 5.1 V. Motor pulses of stage 8 are

produced, with a time period of t

= 31.25 ms and

122

s to check the contents of the EEPROM. At

TEST a speeded-up cycle for motor pulse period signal t

is available at 1024 times its normal frequency.
Decreasing V

voltage level to lower than 2.5 V between

two motor pulses returns the circuit to normal operating
conditions.

AVAILABLE TYPES

Refer to Chapters "Ordering information" and "Functional description and testing".

Note

1. U = Chip in tray; U/7 = chip with bumps on tape; U/10 = chip on foil.

SHORT

TYPE

NUMBER

DELIVERY

FORMAT

(1)

PERIOD

(s)

SPECIFICATIONS

PULSE

WIDTH

(ms)

DRIVE

(%)

DETECTION

CRITERION

EEPROM

BATTERY

EOL

DETECTION

REMARKS

1461

U; U/10

7.8

max. 100

P = 1
N = 2

yes

1.5 V and
2.1 V Lithium

1462

U; U/7;

U/10

5.8

max. 100

P = 1
N = 2

yes

1.5 V and
2.1 V Lithium

1463

U; U/10

3.9

max. 100

P = 1
N = 2

yes

1.5 V and
2.1 V Lithium

1465

U/10; U/7

5.8

max. 100

P = 1

N = 2

yes

1.5 V

1467

U/10

7.8

max. 100

P = 1

N = 2

yes

1.5 V

1998 Apr 21

Philips Semiconductors

Product specification

32 kHz watch circuits with adaptive motor
pulse

PCA146x series

LIMITING VALUES

In accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 134).

Note

1. Connecting the battery with reversed polarity does not destroy the circuit, but in this condition a large current flows,

which will rapidly discharge the battery.

HANDLING

Inputs and outputs are protected against electrostatic discharges in normal handling. However, to be totally safe, it is
advisable to take handling precautions appropriate to handling MOS devices. Advice can be found in
"Data Handbook IC16, General, Handling MOS Devices".

CHARACTERISTICS

= 1.55 V; V

= 0 V; f

osc

= 32.768 kHz; T

amb

= 25

C; crystal: R

= 20 k

; C

= 2 to 3 fF; C

= 8 to 10 pF;

= 1 to 3 pF; unless otherwise specified.

Immunity against parasitic impedance = 20 M

between adjacent pins.

SYMBOL

PARAMETER

CONDITIONS

MIN.

MAX.

UNIT

supply voltage

= 0 V; note 1

1.8

all input voltages

output short-circuit duration

indefinite

amb

operating ambient temperature

+60

stg

storage temperature

+100

SYMBOL

PARAMETER

CONDITIONS

MIN.

TYP.

MAX.

UNIT

Supply

DD1

supply voltage

amb

10 to +60

1.2

1.55

2.5

supply voltage variation

transient within 1.2 V and 2.5 V

0.25

DD2

supply voltage

programming

5.0

5.1

5.2

DDP

supply voltage pulse
variation

programming

0.55

0.6

0.65

DD1

supply current

between motor pulses

170

260

DD2

supply current

= 2.1 V

190

300

DD3

supply current

stop mode; pin 8 connected to
V

180

280

DD4

supply current

= 2.1 V

220

360

DD5

supply current

amb

10 to +60

600

Motor output

sat

saturation voltage

(P + N)

= 2 k

; T

amb

10 to +60

150

200

o(sc)

output short-circuit
impedance

between motor pulses
I

transistor

< 1 mA

200

300

1998 Apr 21

Philips Semiconductors

Product specification

32 kHz watch circuits with adaptive motor
pulse

PCA146x series

TIMING PARAMETERS

Note

1. No option available when EOL indication is required.

SYMBOL

PARAMETER

SECTION

VALUE

OPTION

UNIT

cycle for motor pulse (note 1)

motor pulse (Figs 2, 3 and 4)

5, 10, 12 or 20 s

motor pulse width

7.81

3.9 or 5.9

duty factor

977

ONL

last duty factor on

61 to 305

voltage detection cycle

level mode

SON

duty factor on

silver-oxide mode (Fig.3)

550 to 794

SOFF

duty factor off

427 to 183

SONF

first duty factor on

488

AOFF

additional duty factor off

lithium mode (Fig.4)

183

LON

duty factor on

305 to 611

LOFF

duty factor off

672 to 366

LONF

first duty factor on

244

EOL sequence

end-of-life mode

motor pulse width

time between pulses

31.25

detection sequence

detection (Fig.7)

4.3 to 28.3

short-circuited motor

977

dissipation of energy

977

measurement cycle

488

phase 1

244

phase 2 (measure window)

phase 3

122

phase 4

positive current polarities

P < N

negative current polarities

2 to 6

correction sequence

correction sequence (Fig.8)

+ 30.27

small pulse width

977

large pulse width

cycles for motor-pulses in:

testing

test 1

125

test 2

31.25

test 3

Fig.10

31.25 to 39

DEB

debounce time for
RESET = V

14.7 to 123.2

1998 Apr 21

Philips Semiconductors

Product specification

32 kHz watch circuits with adaptive motor
pulse

PCA146x series

SOLDERING

Introduction

There is no soldering method that is ideal for all IC
packages. Wave soldering is often preferred when
through-hole and surface mounted components are mixed
on one printed-circuit board. However, wave soldering is
not always suitable for surface mounted ICs, or for
printed-circuits with high population densities. In these
situations reflow soldering is often used.

This text gives a very brief insight to a complex technology.
A more in-depth account of soldering ICs can be found in
our

"IC Package Databook" (order code 9398 652 90011).

Reflow soldering

Reflow soldering techniques are suitable for all SO
packages.

Reflow soldering requires solder paste (a suspension of
fine solder particles, flux and binding agent) to be applied
to the printed-circuit board by screen printing, stencilling or
pressure-syringe dispensing before package placement.

Several techniques exist for reflowing; for example,
thermal conduction by heated belt. Dwell times vary
between 50 and 300 seconds depending on heating
method. Typical reflow temperatures range from
215 to 250

Preheating is necessary to dry the paste and evaporate
the binding agent. Preheating duration: 45 minutes at
45

Wave soldering

Wave soldering techniques can be used for all SO
packages if the following conditions are observed:

A double-wave (a turbulent wave with high upward
pressure followed by a smooth laminar wave) soldering
technique should be used.

The longitudinal axis of the package footprint must be
parallel to the solder flow.

The package footprint must incorporate solder thieves at
the downstream end.

During placement and before soldering, the package must
be fixed with a droplet of adhesive. The adhesive can be
applied by screen printing, pin transfer or syringe
dispensing. The package can be soldered after the
adhesive is cured.

Maximum permissible solder temperature is 260

C, and

maximum duration of package immersion in solder is
10 seconds, if cooled to less than 150

C within

6 seconds. Typical dwell time is 4 seconds at 250

A mildly-activated flux will eliminate the need for removal
of corrosive residues in most applications.

Repairing soldered joints

Fix the component by first soldering two diagonally-
opposite end leads. Use only a low voltage soldering iron
(less than 24 V) applied to the flat part of the lead. Contact
time must be limited to 10 seconds at up to 300

C. When

using a dedicated tool, all other leads can be soldered in
one operation within 2 to 5 seconds between
270 and 320

1998 Apr 21

Philips Semiconductors

Product specification

32 kHz watch circuits with adaptive motor
pulse

PCA146x series

DEFINITIONS

LIFE SUPPORT APPLICATIONS

These products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices, or systems where malfunction of these
products can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Philips customers using or selling these products for
use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify Philips for any damages resulting from such
improper use or sale.

Data sheet status

Objective specification

This data sheet contains target or goal specifications for product development.

Preliminary specification

This data sheet contains preliminary data; supplementary data may be published later.

Product specification

This data sheet contains final product specifications.

Limiting values

Limiting values given are in accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 134). Stress above one or
more of the limiting values may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and operation
of the device at these or at any other conditions above those given in the Characteristics sections of the specification
is not implied. Exposure to limiting values for extended periods may affect device reliability.

Application information

Where application information is given, it is advisory and does not form part of the specification.

Internet: http://www.semiconductors.philips.com

Philips Semiconductors a worldwide company

SCA57

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The information presented in this document does not form part of any quotation or contract, is believed to be accurate and reliable and may be changed
without notice. No liability will be accepted by the publisher for any consequence of its use. Publication thereof does not convey nor imply any license
under patent- or other industrial or intellectual property rights.

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Tel. +81 3 3740 5130, Fax. +81 3 3740 5077

Korea: Philips House, 260-199 Itaewon-dong, Yongsan-ku, SEOUL,
Tel. +82 2 709 1412, Fax. +82 2 709 1415

Malaysia: No. 76 Jalan Universiti, 46200 PETALING JAYA, SELANGOR,
Tel. +60 3 750 5214, Fax. +60 3 757 4880

Mexico: 5900 Gateway East, Suite 200, EL PASO, TEXAS 79905,
Tel. +9-5 800 234 7381

Middle East: see Italy

Printed in The Netherlands

415108/1200/04/pp24

Date of release: 1998 Apr 21

Document order number:

9397 750 03769

Ð­Ð»ÐµÐºÑ‚Ñ€Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ñ‹Ð¹ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÐµÐ½Ñ‚: PCA1463U

ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑ‚Ñ€Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ñ‹Ð¹ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÐµÐ½Ñ‚: PCA1463U