May 1991

Philips Semiconductors

Product specification

Proportional-control triac triggering circuit

TDA1023/T

FEATURES

Adjustable width of proportional range

Adjustable hysteresis

Adjustable width of trigger pulse

Adjustable repetition timing of firing burst

Control range translation facility

Fail safe operation

Supplied from the mains

Provides supply for external temperature bridge

APPLICATIONS

Panel heaters

Temperature control

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The TDA1023 is a bipolar integrated circuit for controlling
triacs in a proportional time or burst firing mode. Permitting
precise temperature control of heating equipment it is
especially suited to the control of panel heaters.
It generates positive-going trigger pulses but complies with
regulations regarding mains waveform distortion and RF
interference.

QUICK REFERENCE DATA

Note

1. Negative current is defined as conventional current flow out of a device. A negative output current is suited for

positive triac triggering.

ORDERING INFORMATION

Note

1. TDA1023: 16 DIL; plastic (SOT38); SOT38-1; 1996 November 27.

2. TDA1023T: 16 mini-pack; plastic (SO16; SOT109A); SOT109-1; 1996 November 27.

SYMBOL

PARAMETER

MIN. TYP.

MAX.

UNIT

supply voltage (derived from mains voltage)

13.7

stabilized supply voltage for temperature bridge

16(AV)

supply current (average value)

trigger pulse width

200

firing burst repetition time at C

= 68

-I

(1)

output current

150

amb

operating ambient temperature range

+75

EXTENDED

TYPE NUMBER

PACKAGE

PINS

PIN POSITION

MATERIAL

CODE

TDA1023

DIL

plastic

SOT38

(1)

TDA1023T

mini-pack

plastic

SO16; SOT109A

(2)

May 1991

Philips Semiconductors

Product specification

Proportional-control triac triggering circuit

TDA1023/T

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

The TDA1023 generates pulses to trigger a triac. These
pulses coincide with the zero excursions of the mains
voltage, thus minimizing RF interference and mains supply
transients. In order to gate the load on and off, the trigger
pulses occur in bursts thus further reducing mains supply
pollution. The average power in the load is varied by
modifying the duration of the trigger pulse burst in
accordance with the voltage difference between the
control input CI and the reference input, either UR or BR.

Power supply: V

, RX and V

(pins 14, 16 and 11)

The TDA1023 is supplied from the AC mains via a resistor
R

to the RX connection (pin 16); the V

connection (pin

13) is linked to the neutral line (see Fig.4a). A smoothing
capacitor C

should be coupled between the V

and V

connections.

A rectifier diode is included between the RX and V

connections whilst the DC supply voltage is limited by a
chain of stabilizer diodes between the RX and V

connections (see Fig.3).

A stabilized reference voltage (V

) is available at pin 11 to

power an external temperature sensing bridge.

Supply operation

During the positive mains half-cycles the current through
the external voltage dropping resistor R

charges the

external smoothing capacitor C

until RX attains the

stabilizing potential of the internal stabilizing diodes. R

should be selected to be capable of supplying the current
I

for the TDA1023, the average output current I

3(AV)

recharge the smoothing capacitor C

and provide the

supply for an external temperature bridge. (see Figs 9 to
12). Any excess current is by-passed by the internal
stabilizer diodes. The maximum rated supply current,
however, must not be exceeded.

During the negative mains half-cycles external smoothing
capacitor C

supplies the sum of the current demand

described above. Its capacitance must be sufficiently high
to maintain the supply voltage above the specified
minimum.

Dissipation in resistor R

is halved by connecting a diode

in series (see Fig.4b and 9 to 12). A further reduction in
dissipation is possible by using a high quality dropping
capacitor C

in series with a resistor R

(see Figs 4c and

14). Protection of the TDA1023 and the triac against
mains-borne transients can be provided by connecting a
suitable VDR across the mains input.

Control and reference inputs CI, BR and UR
(pins 6, 9 and 7)

For the control of room temperature (5

C to 30

optimum performance is obtained by using the translation
circuit. The buffered reference input BR (pin 9) is used as
a reference input whilst the output reference buffer QR (pin
8) is connected to the unbuffered reference input UR
(pin 7). This ensures that the range of room temperature is
encompassed in most of the rotation of the potentiometer
to give a linear temperature scale with accurate setting.

Should the translation circuit not be required, the
unbuffered reference input UR (pin 7) is used as a
reference input. The buffered reference input BR (pin 9)
must then be connected to the reference supply output V

(pin 11).

For proportional power control the unbuffered reference
input UR (pin 7) must be connected to the firing burst
repetition time control input TB (pin 12).The buffered
reference input BR (pin 9), which is in this instance
inactive, must then be connected to the reference supply
output V

(pin 11).

Proportional range control input PR (pin 5)

The output duty factor changes from 0% to 100% by a
variation of 80 mV at the control input CI (pin 6) with the
proportional range control input PR open. For temperature
control this corresponds to a temperature difference of 1 K.

By connecting the proportional range control input PR
(pin 5) to ground the range may be increased to 400 mV,
i.e. 5 K. Intermediate values may be obtained by
connecting the PR input to ground via a resistor R5
(see Table 1).

Hysteresis control input HYS (pin 4)

With the hysteresis control input HYS (pin 4) open, the
device has a built-in hysteresis of 20 mV. For temperature
control this corresponds with 0.25 K.

Hysteresis is increased to 320 mV, corresponding to 4 K,
by grounding HYS (pin 4). Intermediate values are
obtained by connecting pin 4 via resistor R4 to ground.
Table 1 provides a set of values for R4 and R5 giving a
fixed ratio between hysteresis and proportional range.

May 1991

Philips Semiconductors

Product specification

Proportional-control triac triggering circuit

TDA1023/T

Trigger pulse width control input PW (pin 10)

The width of the trigger pulse may be adjusted to the value
required for the triac by choosing the value of the external
synchronization resistor R

between the trigger pulse

width control input PW (pin 10) and the AC mains.
The pulse width is inversely proportional to the input
current (see Fig.13).

Output Q (pin 3)

Since the circuit has an open-emitter output it is capable of
sourcing current. It is thus suited for generating
positive-going trigger pulses. The output is current-limited
and short-circuit protected. The maximum output current is
150 mA and the output pulses are stabilized at 10 V for
output currents up to that value.

To minimize the total supply current and power dissipation,
a gate resistor R

must be connected between the output

Q and the triac gate to limit the output current to the
minimum required by the triac (see Figs 5 to 8).

Pull-down resistor R

(pin 1)

The TDA1023 includes a 1.75 k

pull-down resistor R

between pins 1 and 13 (V

, ground connection) intended

for use with sensitive triacs.

LIMITING VALUES

In accordance with the Absolute Maximum System (IEC 134)

SYMBOL

PARAMETER

MIN.

MAX.

UNIT

DC supply voltage

Supply current

16(AV)

average

16(RM)

repetitive peak

100

16(SM)

non-repetitive peak (tp

input voltage, all inputs

6, 7, 9, 10

input current

voltage on R

connection

3, 8, 11

output voltage, Q, QR, V

Output current

-I

OH(AV)

average

-I

OH(M)

peak max. 300

700

tot

total power dissipation

500

stg

storage temperature range

+150

amb

operating ambient temperature range

+75

May 1991

Philips Semiconductors

Product specification

Proportional-control triac triggering circuit

TDA1023/T

CHARACTERISTICS

VCC = 11 to 16 V; T

amb

20 to +75

C unless otherwise specified

SYMBOL

PARAMETER

CONDITIONS

MIN.

TYP.

MAX.

UNIT

Supply

internally stabilized supply voltage at
I

= 10 mA

13.7

variation with I

mV/mA

supply current at V

16-13

= 11 to 16 V;

= 1mA; f = 50 Hz; pin 11 open;

6-13

7-13

pins 4 and 5 open

pins 4 and 5 grounded

7.1

Reference supply output V

(pin 11) for external temperature bridge

11-13

output voltage

output current

Control and reference inputs CI, BR and UR (pins 6, 9 and 7)

6-13

input voltage to inhibit the output

7.6

6, 7, 9

input current

= 4 V

Hysteresis control input HYS (pin 4)

hysteresis

pin 4 open

hysteresis

pin 4 grounded

320

Proportional control range input PR (pin 5)

proportional range

pin 5 open

130

proportional range

pin 5 grounded

400

Pulse width control input PW (pin 10)

pulse width

10(RMS)

= 1mA; f = 50 Hz 100

200

300

Firing burst repetition time control input TB (pin 12)

firing burst repetition time, ratio to
capacitor C

320

600

960

ms/

Output of reference buffer QR (pin 8)

output voltage at input voltage:

8-13

9-13

= 1.6 V

3.2

8-13

9-13

= 4.8 V

4.8

8-13

9-13

= 8 V

6.4

Output Q (pin 3)

output voltage HIGH

= 150 mA

output current HIGH

150

Internal pull-down resistor R

(pin 1)

resistance to V

1.75

May 1991

Philips Semiconductors

Product specification

Proportional-control triac triggering circuit

TDA1023/T

Table 1

Adjustment of proportional range and hysteresis. Combinations of resistor values giving

hysteresis

proportional range.

Table 2

Timing capacitor values C

Note

1. Special electrolytic capacitors recommended for use with the TDA1023.

Proportional range

Proportional range resistor

Minimum hysteresis

Maximum hysteresis resistor

open

160

3.3

9.1

240

1.1

4.3

320

0.43

2.7

400

100

1.8

Effective DC value

Marked AC specification

Catalogue number

(1)

2222 016 90129

- - 90131

- 015 90102

- - 90101

- - 90099

6.8

- - 90098

Fig.3 Internal supply connections.

handbook, halfpage

MBA483

VEE

STABILIZER

VCC

May 1991

Philips Semiconductors

Product specification

Proportional-control triac triggering circuit

TDA1023/T

Table 3

Temperature controller component values (see Fig.15). Notes 1, 2

Notes

1. ON/OFF control: pin 12 connected to pin 13.

2. If translation circuit is not required: slider of R

to pin 7; pin 8 open; pin 9 connected to pin 11.

SYMBOL

PARAMETER

REMARKS

VALUE

trigger pulse width

see

BT139 data sheet

synchronization resistor

see Fig.13

180 k

gate resistor

see Fig.6

110

3(AV)

max. average gate current

see Fig.8

4.1 mA

hysteresis resistor

see Table 1

n.c.

proportional band resistor

see Table 1

n.c.

16(AV)

min. required supply current

11.1 mA

mains dropping resistor

see Fig.10

6.2 k

power dissipated in R

see Fig.10

4.6 W

timing capacitor (eff. value)

see Table 2

VDR

voltage dependent resistor

cat. no. 2322 593 62512

250 V AC

rectifier diode

BYW56

resistor to pin 11

1% tolerance

18.7 k

NTC

NTC thermistor (at 25

B = 4200 K cat no. 2322 642 12223

22 k

potentiometer

22 k

capacitor between pins 6 and 9

47 nF

smoothing capacitor

220

F; 16 V

If R

and D1 are replaced by C

and R

mains dropping capacitor

470 nF

series dropping resistor

390

RSD

power dissipated in R

see Fig.14

0.6 W

VDR

voltage dependent resistor

cat. no. 2322 594 62512

250 V AC

May 1991

Philips Semiconductors

Product specification

Proportional-control triac triggering circuit

TDA1023/T

PACKAGE OUTLINES

UNIT

max.

REFERENCES

OUTLINE

VERSION

EUROPEAN

PROJECTION

ISSUE DATE

IEC

JEDEC

EIAJ

inches

DIMENSIONS (inch dimensions are derived from the original mm dimensions)

SOT38-1

92-10-02
95-01-19

min.

max.

1.40
1.14

0.055
0.045

0.53
0.38

0.32
0.23

21.8
21.4

0.86
0.84

6.48
6.20

0.26
0.24

3.9
3.4

0.15
0.13

0.254

2.54

7.62

0.30

8.25
7.80

0.32
0.31

9.5
8.3

0.37
0.33

2.2

0.087

4.7

0.51

3.7

0.15

0.021
0.015

0.013
0.009

0.01

0.10

0.020

0.19

050G09

MO-001AE

(e )

seating plane

pin 1 index

10 mm

scale

Note

1. Plastic or metal protrusions of 0.25 mm maximum per side are not included.

(1)

DIP16: plastic dual in-line package; 16 leads (300 mil); long body

SOT38-1

May 1991

Philips Semiconductors

Product specification

Proportional-control triac triggering circuit

TDA1023/T

detail X

(A )

pin 1 index

UNIT

max.

(1)

REFERENCES

OUTLINE

VERSION

EUROPEAN

PROJECTION

ISSUE DATE

IEC

JEDEC

EIAJ

inches

1.75

0.25
0.10

1.45
1.25

0.25

0.49
0.36

0.25
0.19

10.0

9.8

4.0
3.8

1.27

6.2
5.8

0.7
0.6

0.7
0.3

8
0

0.25

0.1

DIMENSIONS (inch dimensions are derived from the original mm dimensions)

Note

1. Plastic or metal protrusions of 0.15 mm maximum per side are not included.

1.0
0.4

SOT109-1

95-01-23
97-05-22

076E07S

MS-012AC

0.069

0.010
0.004

0.057
0.049

0.01

0.019
0.014

0.0100
0.0075

0.39
0.38

0.16
0.15

0.050

1.05

0.041

0.244
0.228

0.028
0.020

0.028
0.012

0.01

0.25

0.01

0.004

0.039
0.016

2.5

5 mm

scale

SO16: plastic small outline package; 16 leads; body width 3.9 mm

SOT109-1

May 1991

Philips Semiconductors

Product specification

Proportional-control triac triggering circuit

TDA1023/T

SOLDERING

Introduction

There is no soldering method that is ideal for all IC
packages. Wave soldering is often preferred when
through-hole and surface mounted components are mixed
on one printed-circuit board. However, wave soldering is
not always suitable for surface mounted ICs, or for
printed-circuits with high population densities. In these
situations reflow soldering is often used.

This text gives a very brief insight to a complex technology.
A more in-depth account of soldering ICs can be found in
our

"IC Package Databook" (order code 9398 652 90011).

DIP

OLDERING BY DIPPING OR BY WAVE

The maximum permissible temperature of the solder is
260

C; solder at this temperature must not be in contact

with the joint for more than 5 seconds. The total contact
time of successive solder waves must not exceed
5 seconds.

The device may be mounted up to the seating plane, but
the temperature of the plastic body must not exceed the
specified maximum storage temperature (T

stg max

). If the

printed-circuit board has been pre-heated, forced cooling
may be necessary immediately after soldering to keep the
temperature within the permissible limit.

EPAIRING SOLDERED JOINTS

Apply a low voltage soldering iron (less than 24 V) to the
lead(s) of the package, below the seating plane or not
more than 2 mm above it. If the temperature of the
soldering iron bit is less than 300

C it may remain in

contact for up to 10 seconds. If the bit temperature is
between 300 and 400

C, contact may be up to 5 seconds.

EFLOW SOLDERING

Reflow soldering techniques are suitable for all SO
packages.

Reflow soldering requires solder paste (a suspension of
fine solder particles, flux and binding agent) to be applied
to the printed-circuit board by screen printing, stencilling or
pressure-syringe dispensing before package placement.

Several techniques exist for reflowing; for example,
thermal conduction by heated belt. Dwell times vary
between 50 and 300 seconds depending on heating
method. Typical reflow temperatures range from
215 to 250

Preheating is necessary to dry the paste and evaporate
the binding agent. Preheating duration: 45 minutes at
45

AVE SOLDERING

Wave soldering techniques can be used for all SO
packages if the following conditions are observed:

A double-wave (a turbulent wave with high upward
pressure followed by a smooth laminar wave) soldering
technique should be used.

The longitudinal axis of the package footprint must be
parallel to the solder flow.

The package footprint must incorporate solder thieves at
the downstream end.

During placement and before soldering, the package must
be fixed with a droplet of adhesive. The adhesive can be
applied by screen printing, pin transfer or syringe
dispensing. The package can be soldered after the
adhesive is cured.

Maximum permissible solder temperature is 260

C, and

maximum duration of package immersion in solder is
10 seconds, if cooled to less than 150

C within

6 seconds. Typical dwell time is 4 seconds at 250

A mildly-activated flux will eliminate the need for removal
of corrosive residues in most applications.

EPAIRING SOLDERED JOINTS

Fix the component by first soldering two diagonally-
opposite end leads. Use only a low voltage soldering iron
(less than 24 V) applied to the flat part of the lead. Contact
time must be limited to 10 seconds at up to 300

C. When

using a dedicated tool, all other leads can be soldered in
one operation within 2 to 5 seconds between
270 and 320

May 1991

Philips Semiconductors

Product specification

Proportional-control triac triggering circuit

TDA1023/T

DEFINITIONS

LIFE SUPPORT APPLICATIONS

These products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices, or systems where malfunction of these
products can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Philips customers using or selling these products for
use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify Philips for any damages resulting from such
improper use or sale.

Data sheet status

Objective specification

This data sheet contains target or goal specifications for product development.

Preliminary specification

This data sheet contains preliminary data; supplementary data may be published later.

Product specification

This data sheet contains final product specifications.

Limiting values

Limiting values given are in accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 134). Stress above one or
more of the limiting values may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and operation
of the device at these or at any other conditions above those given in the Characteristics sections of the specification
is not implied. Exposure to limiting values for extended periods may affect device reliability.

Application information

Where application information is given, it is advisory and does not form part of the specification.

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