3-phase Brushless Motor Driver
Overview
The LB1696 is a 3-phase brushless motor driver IC that is
ideal for driving DC fan motors in air conditioners, hot-water
supply systems, and the like. The LB1696 has a regulator built
in, and can be used with a single power supply (motor power
supply only).
Features
.
3-phase brushless motor driver.
.
Withstand voltage: 60 V; output current: 2.5 A.
.
Current limiter built in.
.
Low-voltage protector built in.
.
Thermal shutdown protector built in.
.
Hall amplifier with hysteresis built in.
.
FG output function.
.
Regulator built in.
Package Dimensions
unit : mm
3037A-DIP20H
[LB1696]
SANYO : DIP20H
Specifications
Absolute Maximum Ratings
at Ta = 25 C
Parameter
Symbol
Conditions
Ratings
Unit
Maximum supply voltage
V
CC
max
10
V
V
M
max
60
V
Output current
I
O
2.5
A
Allowable power dissipation
Pd max1
Independent IC
3
W
Pd max2
With arbitrarily large heat sink
20
W
Operating temperature
Topr
20 to +100
C
Storage temperature
Tstg
55 to +150
C
Allowable Operating Ranges
at Ta = 25 C
Parameter
Symbol
Conditions
Ratings
Unit
Supply voltage range
V
CC
4.5 to 6.0
V
V
M
5 to 56
V
Regulator input voltage
V
M
(REG)
7 to 56
V
V
REG
pin output current
I
REGO
400(max)
A
Power supply voltage rise rate
V
CC
/
t
V
CC
= V
LVSD
(OFF) point
*1
to 0.04
V/s
V
M
/
t
V
M
= 0 V point
*1
to 0.16
V/s
*1 If the supply voltage rise rate is fast when power is applied, through current may flow to output.
Ordering number: EN5244
Monolithic Digital IC
LB1696
SANYO Electric Co.,Ltd. Semiconductor Bussiness Headquarters
TOKYO OFFICE Tokyo Bldg., 1-10, 1 Chome, Ueno, Taito-ku, TOKYO, 110 JAPAN
D3095HA(II) No.5244-1/9
Electric Characteristics
at Ta = 25 C, V
CC
= 5 V, V
M
= 45 V
Parameter
Symbol
Conditions
min
typ
max
Unit
Supply current
I
CC
Forward
16
23
mA
Output saturation voltage
V
Osat1
I
O
= 1 A, V
O
(sink) + V
O
(source)
2.1
3.0
V
V
Osat2
I
O
= 2 A, V
O
(sink) + V
O
(source)
3.0
4.2
V
Output leakage current
I
O(leak)
100
A
Hall amplifier
Input bias current
I
HB
1
4
A
Common-mode input voltage
range
V
ICM
1.5
3.2
V
Hysteresis width
V
IN
27
32
36
mV
Input voltage L
H
V
SLH
8
16
23
mV
Input voltage H
L
V
SHL
23
16
8
mV
FG pin (rate pulse output)
Output low level voltage
V
FGL
I
FG
= 5 mA
0.4
V
Dull-up resistance
R
FG
7.5
10
12.5
k
Forward F/R operation
V
FR1
0
0.8
V
Reverse F/R operation
V
FR2
4.2
5.0
V
Current limit operator limiter
V
RF
0.42
0.5
0.6
V
Thermal shutdown operation
temperature
T
SD
Design target
150
165
C
Hysteresis width
T
SD
Design target
25
C
Reduced voltage protection
operation voltage
V
LVSD
3.5
3.8
4.1
V
Reduced voltage protection
release voltage
V
LVSD(OFF)
4.3
4.5
V
Hysteresis width
V
LVSD
0.4
0.5
0.6
V
C pin charge current 1
I
CL
1
R1 = 68 k
, R2 = open
15
21
27
A
C pin charge current 2
I
CL
2
R1 = 68 k
, R2 = 10 k
111
158
205
A
C pin discharge current
I
CH
R1 = 68 k
168
225
282
A
C pin charge start voltage
V
CL
R1 = 68 k
0.3
0.4
0.5
V
C pin discharge start voltage
V
CH
R1 = 68 k
1.5
2.0
2.5
V
Output current neglect time
t
sm
R1 = 68 k
, C = 6800 pF
42
51
60
s
Output off time 1
t
so
1
R1 = 68 k
, R2 = open,
C = 6800 pF
462
545
628
s
Output off time 2
t
so
2
R1 = 68 k
, R2 = 10 k
,
C = 6800 pF
51
74
97
s
Regulator output voltage
V
CC(REG)
4.5
5.2
5.9
V
Allowable
power
dissipation,
Pd
max
--
W
Ambient temperature, Ta -- C
With arbitrarily large heat sink
Independent IC
LB1696
No.5244-2/9
Truth Table
Input
F/R control
Output
FG output
IN1
IN2
IN3
F/R
Source
Sink
FG1
FG2
1
H
L
H
L
OUT2
OUT1
L
L
H
OUT1
OUT2
2
H
L
L
L
OUT3
OUT1
L
H
H
OUT1
OUT3
3
H
H
L
L
OUT3
OUT2
L
L
H
OUT2
OUT3
4
L
H
L
L
OUT1
OUT2
H
H
H
OUT2
OUT1
5
L
H
H
L
OUT1
OUT3
H
L
H
OUT3
OUT1
6
L
L
H
L
OUT2
OUT3
H
H
H
OUT3
OUT2
F/R
Forward
L
0.0 to 0.8 V
Reverse
H
4.2 to 5.0 V
FG output
FG1
FG2
Pin Assignment
LB1696
No.5244-3/9
Block Diagram and Peripheral Circuit Diagram
LB1696
No.5244-4/9
Pin Functions
Pin No.
Pin Name
Pin Voltage
Equivalent Circuit
Pin Function
1
V
CC
Supplies power to all circuits except output
block.
2
R1
Sets the C pin charge/discharge current. In
current limiter operation when the motor is
locked, the charge current set by this pin
becomes charge current I
CL
1 for the C pin.
3
C
Sets the output off time and output current
neglect time during current limiter operation.
4
R2
Sets the C pin charging current.
In current limiter operation when the motor is
rotating, the sum of the current set by this pin
and the current I
CL
1 set by the R1 pin
becomes charge current I
CL
2 for
the C pin.
5
6
7
OUT1
OUT2
OUT3
Output pin 1
Output pin 2
Output pin 3
8
RF
Output current detection pin. By inserting
resistor R
f
between this pin and GND, the
output current is detected as voltage. The
output current is limited to a current value set
by V
RF
/R
f
(current limit operation).
10
V
M
Power supply pin providing output
9
V
REG
Regulator pin.
When using a single power supply (V
M
), V
CC
(5.2 V) is supplied by adding an external
transistor.
The
recommended
transistor
is
the
2SD1724T. If a regulator is not used, this pin
should either be open or grounded.
11
GND
GND for other than output.
The minimum potential of output transistor is
the RF pin voltage.
12
F/R
0.0 V min
V
CC
max
Forward/reverse control pin.
17, 18,
15, 16,
13, 14
IN1
+
, IN1
IN2
+
, IN2
IN3
+
, IN3
1.5 V min
V
CC
1.8 V
max
Hall device input pin
Logic ``H'' represents IN
+
>
IN
.
19
20
FG2
FG1
Rate pulse output pin 2.
Pull-up resistor built in.
Rate pulse output pin 1.
Pull-up resistor built in.
LB1696
No.5244-5/9
1.
Hall input circuit
The Hall input circuit is a differential amplifier with hysteresis (32 mV typ). The operating DC level must be within the common
mode input voltage range (1.5 V to V
CC
1.8 V). An input level that is at least three times greater than the hysteresis (from 120
to 160 mVp-p) is recommended to be independent of noise, etc. If the handling capability needs to be considered in noise
evaluation, etc., connect a capacitor (about 0.01 F) between the Hall inputs IN
+
and IN
.
2.
Protectors
2-1. Reduced voltage protector
If V
CC
drops below the prescribed voltage (V
LVSD
), the output transistor on the sink side turns off. This protector prevents
malfunction which may occur when V
CC
is reduced.
2-2. Thermal shutdown protector
If the junction temperature exceeds the prescribed temperature (T
SD
), the output transistor on the sink side turns off. This
protector prevents the IC from being damaged by heat. Thermal design must be such that no operation is performed in other
modes than abnormality.
3.
FG output circuit
IN1, IN2, and IN3 Hall input signals are composited and wave shaped to be output. FG1 has the same frequency as for Hall input,
while FG2 3-fold as many.
4.
Forward/reverse controller
No forward/reverse (F/R) switching is assumed to be performed during motor running period. If F/R switching is performed
during motor running period, through current flows to output and ASO needs to be considered. It is recommended that F/R
switching be performed when the V
M
power supply is off (in motor stop mode).
5.
V
CC
and V
M
power supplies
If the supply voltage (V
CC
, V
M
) rise rate is fast when power is applied, through current flows to output and ASO needs to be
considered. The supply voltage rise rate must be such that
V
CC
/
t = 0.04 V/s or less and
V
M
/
t = 0.16 V/s or less. The
desirable order of applying power is V
CC
on first and then V
M
on. The desirable of turning off power supply is V
M
off first and
then V
CC
off after motor stop. If, after V
M
is turned off, V
CC
is turned off during motor's inertial running, some types of motors
have a possibility that V
M
voltage rises, exceeding the withstand voltage. Because the LB1696 has a regulator built in, it can be
used with a single power supply (V
M
power supply only). In this case, V
CC
(5.2 V typ.) can be supplied by connecting an external
transistor (NPN) and resistor to the V
REG
pin. If the regulator is not used, the V
REG
pin must be left open or connected to GND.
6.
Power supply stabilization capacitor
Great fluctuations in the V
CC
line may cause the reduced-voltage protector, etc. to malfunction. A capacitor (of several F) needs
to be connected to the V
CC
line (between V
CC
and GND) for stabilization. Since a large switching current flows in the line, wiring
inductance componenet etc. fluctuates. Because there are also fluctuations in the GND line, a capacitor needs to be connected to
the V
M
line (between V
M
and GND) for stabilization, thus preventing malfunction and keeping withstand voltage from being
exceeded. Especially when the routing of wiring (V
M
, V
CC
, or GND) is long, be sure to connect capacitors with adequate capacity
for power line stabilization.
LB1696
No.5244-6/9
7.
Current limiter
The current limiter turns off the sink side output transistor when the output current-set current value (limiter value) is reached. The
output current is limited by the limit value. The RF pin is used to detect the output current. The output current is detected as
voltage by connecting resistor R
f
between RF pin and GND. When the RF pin voltage reaches 0.5 V (typ), the current limiter
operates so that the output current is limited to the 0.5/R
f
-set limiter value.
7-1. Output off time
The current limiter is so designed that current limit function turns on to turn off the sink side output transistor and then turn
on the transistor again after off period of a fixed time (output off time) has elapsed. Since the LB1696 uses this output
switching method for the current limiter, the ASO problems when current limitation goes into operated mode as compared
with the output unsaturated current limited one. In addition, by separating current limiter operation into two modes, one when
the motor is locked and one when the motor is rotating (during start-up), it was possible to implement a current limiter circuit
with excellent motor start-up characteristics. The explanation of current limiter operation below is divided into two parts: one
for the mode used when the motor is locked and one for the mode used when the motor is rotating. The output off time
depends on the charge time of capacitor C connected to the C pin. When the current limiter turns on, C begins charging and
the output is kept off until C is charged up to 2 V (typ). When C has been charged up to 2 V, the sink side output turns on
again. The C charging current is a constant-regulated current, which depends on resistor R1 connected to the R1 pin and
resistor R2 connected to the R2 pin. In the LB1696, the charge current can be switched for when the motor is locked and for
when the motor is rotating in order to support motors for a large number of applications. As a result, it is possible to set the
output off time so that it is different for when the motor is locked and for when the motor is rotating. By setting the output
off time so that it is shorter when the motor is rotating (at start-up) as opposed to when the motor is locked, it is possible to
reduce the decrease in torque at start-up caused by the output off time. The charge currents and output off times for when the
motor is locked and for when the motor is rotating are as follows:
(1) Charge current I
CL1
and output off time t
off1
when the motor is locked
I
CL1
6 1.4/R1
t
off1
6 C/I
CL1
2.0
6 1.42
R1
C
(R1 must be set between 14 k
and 100 k
.)
(2) Charge current I
CL2
and output off time t
off2
when the motor is rotating
I
CL2
6 I
CL1
+ (1.4/R2)
t
off2
6 C/I
CL2
2.0
6 1.42
R
C {R = R1
R2/(R1 + R2)}
(R2 must be set between 7 k
and 100 k
.)
LB1696
No.5244-7/9
7-2. Output current neglect time
While the current limiter turns on and the sink side output is off, the regeneration current flows through the external diode
used for absorbing the regeneration current above the output that was turned off. After the output off time elapses and the
sink side output is turned on again, reverse current flows momentarily through the external diode (for the diode's reverse
recovery time), causing a current that reaches the limiter value to flow momentarily through the output. Because this current
will cause current limiter to turn on again, turning off the output, the average current decreases, causing the torque to be
decreased at motor start-up, etc. Therefore, in order to prevent this current from being detected, the current limiter is designed
so that the output current is not detected for a fixed period of time after the sink side output is turned on again. This length
of time is the output current neglect time. The output current neglect time is determined by the discharge time of the
capacitor C connected to the C pin. When current limiter turns on and C charges to 2 V, C begins discharging, and the output
current neglect time is the time it takes for C to discharge to the point where the voltage at C is 0.4 V (typ). The C discharge
current is a constant current, and is set at about 11 times the I
CL1
of charge current when the motor is locked. As a result, the
output current neglect time is about 1/11 of the output off time when the motor is locked. Because the C discharge current is
the same whether the motor is locked or is rotating, the output current neglect time is also the same whether the motor is
locked or is rotating. The C discharge current I
CH
and the output current neglect time t
sm
are determined according to the
following equations:
I
CH
6 1.4/R1
11
t
sm
6 C/I
CH
1.6
6 0.10
R1
C
Because there is a slope to the time at which the sink side output is turned on again, the reverse current is not very large,
even if a rectifier diode (a diode in which the reverse recovery time is not short) is used as the external diode for absorbing
the regeneration current in the current limiter.
7-3. Output off time setting
It is necessary to set the output off time to a suitable level for the type of motor being used. (The output off time is set by
the external resistors connected to the R1 and R2 pins, and by the external capacitor connected to the C pin.) In the LB1696,
the output off time when the motor is rotating can be set so that it is shorter than when the motor is locked. Set the optimal
output off time for when the motor is locked, and then set the output off time for when the motor is rotating. Fig. 1 shows
the current limiter operation waveform.
(1) When the output off time is set short
The output current neglect time is set by a circuit within the IC to about 1/11 of the output off time when the motor is
locked. Therefore, if the output off time is set to a very short length of time, the output current neglect time may not be
adequate. If the output current neglect time is inadequate, the current limiter will turn on in response to reverse current
from the external diode used to absorb the regeneration current. (Refer to Section 7-2.) Furthermore, if the output off time
is short, the diode reverse current becomes large and ASO must be considered.
(2) When the output off time is set long
If the output off time when the motor is rotating (at motor start-up) is set to a very long length of time, the average
current decreases, causing the torque at motor start-up to drop. Depending on the type of motor, it may be impossible to
shift from the current limiter operation state to the normal rotation state. In current limiter operation when the motor is
locked, it is necessary to set the output time to a comparatively long length of time. Therefore, first set the output off
time t
off1
for when the motor is locked, and then set the output off time t
off2
for when the motor is rotating so that t
off2
is
shorter than t
off1
.
LB1696
No.5244-8/9
8.
Calculation of the IC's internal power dissipation
Pd = (V
CC
I
CC
) + (V
M
I
M
) (power dissipated by the motor coil)
9.
Measuring the increase in the IC's temperature
Because the temperature of the IC chip cannot be measured directly, the temperature is normally measured using one of the
following methods.
9-1. Measurement using a thermocouple
In order to measure the temperature by using a thermocouple, mount the thermocouple on the fin. Although this method of
measurement is simple, the measurement error is great, if the rate of heat generation has not stabilized.
9-2. Measurement using the characteristics of a diode within the IC
It is recommended that the parasitic diode between FG1 and GND be used to measure the temperature of the IC. Set FG1
high (the ``off'' state), measure the parasitic diode voltage V
F
, and calculate the temperature based on the temperature
characteristics of the voltage V
F
.
(Sanyo's data: I
F
= 1 mA, V
F
temperature characteristics: approximately 2 mV/ C)
No products described or contained herein are intended for use in surgical implants, life-support systems, aerospace equipment,
nuclear power control systems, vehicles, disaster/crime-prevention equipment and the like, the failure of which may directly or
indirectly cause injury, death or property loss.
Anyone purchasing any products described or contained herein for an above-mentioned use shall:
1
Accept full responsibility and indemnify and defend SANYO ELECTRIC CO., LTD., its affiliates, subsidiaries and distributors
and all their officers and employees, jointly and severally, against any and all claims and litigation and all damages, cost and
expenses associated with such use:
2
Not impose any responsibility for any fault or negligence which may be cited in any such claim or litigation on SANYO
ELECTRIC CO., LTD., its affiliates, subsidiaries and distributors or any of their officers and employees jointly or severally.
Information (including circuit diagrams and circuit parameters) herein is for example only; it is not guaranteed for volume
production. SANYO believes information herein is accurate and reliable, but no guarantees are made or implied regarding its use
or any infringements of intellectual property rights or other rights of third parties.
This catalog provides information as of December, 1995. Specifications and information herein are subject to change without notice.
Fig. 1
Current Limiter Operation Waveform (When Motor Is Locked)
C pin voltage
RF pin voltage
LB1696
No.5244-9/9
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