June 1999 TOKO, Inc.
Page 1
TK73200
CPULSE
CONTROL
GND
BASE
NOISE
BYPASS
VADJ
IPK
VIN
TK73200
FEATURES
s
Up to 5 A Output Current Capability with External
PNP Transistor
s
Internal Short Circuit Protection
s
Excellent Load Regulation
s
CMOS/TTL-Compatible On/Off Switch
s
Internal Reverse Bias Current Protection Switch
s
Internal Thermal Shutdown
s
Wide Adjustable Output Voltage Range
(2.0 V to 12.0 V)
s
Continuous and Pulsed Current Modes
APPLICATIONS
s
Battery Powered Systems
s
Cellular/Cordless Telephones
s
Radio Control Systems
s
Wireless Communications Systems
s
Portable Instrumentations
s
Portable Computers
s
Personal Digital Assistants
s
Local Area Network (LAN) Receivers
s
Power Recovery for Microprocessors
TK73200M L
ORDERING INFORMATION
Tape/Reel Code
TAPE/REEL CODE
L: Tape Left
TEMP. RANGE
C: -30 to 80
C
Temp. Code
Package Code
PACKAGE CODE
M: SOT23L-8
BLOCK DIAGRAM
DESCRIPTION
The TK73200 is a controller IC for an adjustable low
dropout voltage regulator. The TK73200 and the external
PNP power transistor provide adjustable output voltages
from 2 to 12 V and output current from 100 mA to 5 A. By
utilizing an external PNP power transistor, low dropout
voltage at high current can be readily achieved. The
internal electronic switch can be controlled by TTL or
CMOS logic levels. The device is in the "on" state when the
control pin is pulled to a high logic level. A pin for a bypass
capacitor, which connects to the internal circuitry, is
provided to lower the overall output noise level.
The current limit characteristics can be configured as
continuous (constant current) or pulsed (cycling). An
internal thermal shutdown circuit limits the junction
temperatures to below 150
C.
CONTROL
NOISE BYPASS
VIN
THERMAL
SENSOR
ON/OFF
CIRCUIT
BANDGAP
REFERENCE
IPK
CPULSE
BASE
VADJ
GND
ADJUSTABLE LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR
Page 2
June 1999 TOKO, Inc.
TK73200
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (NOTE 5)
Supply Voltage Range ............................................ 19 V
Power Dissipation (Note 1) ................................ 600 mW
Reverse Bias Voltage Range ..................................... 6 V
Noise Bypass Pin Terminal Voltage Range ............... 5 V
Control Pin Terminal Voltage Range ........................ 14 V
Storage Temperature Range ................... -55 to +150
C
Operating Temperature Range ................... -30 to +80
C
Extended Temperature Range ................... -40 to +85
C
Operating Voltage Range ............................ 1.8 to 14.0 V
Junction Temperature ........................................... 150
C
Lead Soldering Temperature (10 s) ...................... 235
C
TK73200 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Test conditions: V
IN
= V
OUT(TYP)
+ 1 V, T
A
= 25
C, unless otherwise specified.
L
O
B
M
Y
S
R
E
T
E
M
A
R
A
P
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c
x
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,
A
m
0
=
T
N
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C
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5
2
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6
3
A
I
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B
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V
8
=
1
.
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V
=
)
P
Y
T
(
T
U
O
o
t
V
1
+
V
)
P
Y
T
(
T
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)
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t
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(
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6
+
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,
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=
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F
0
1
=
C
N
V
,
F
1
.
0
=
N
I
V
=
)
P
Y
T
(
T
U
O
,
V
5
.
1
=
I
T
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V
,
A
m
0
3
=
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L
P
P
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R
,
s
m
r
V
m
0
0
1
=
)
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t
o
N
(
7
5
B
d
V
O
N
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s
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o
N
t
u
p
t
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,
z
H
k
0
3
o
t
z
H
0
0
4
=
F
P
B
,
z
H
k
1
=
f
)
3
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t
o
N
(
3
1
.
0
z
H
/
V
I
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L
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(
5
1
5
2
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A
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T
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c
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2
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.
1
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2
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1
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2
.
1
V
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t
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p
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,
V
8
.
1
=
5
.
6
0
2
A
V
)
N
O
(
T
N
O
C
)
N
O
(
e
g
a
t
l
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V
l
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C
N
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t
u
p
t
u
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8
.
1
V
V
)
F
F
O
(
T
N
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C
)
F
F
O
(
e
g
a
t
l
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F
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p
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6
.
0
V
June 1999 TOKO, Inc.
Page 3
TK73200
TK73200 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (STANDARD DEVICES) CONT.
Note 1: Power dissipation is 600 mW when mounted as recommended. Derate at 4.8 mW/
C for operation above 25
C.
Note 2: Refer to: "Definition of Terms."
Note 3: Ripple rejection and noise voltage are affected by the value and characteristics of the capacitor used.
Note 4: This pin is used for Pulse Current Limit Mode. When selecting Continuous Current Limit Mode, this pin is connected to GND.
Note 5: The voltage applied to any pin must be greater than -0.4 V.
Gen. Note: Parameters with min. or max. values are 100% tested at T
A
= 25
C.
Page 4
June 1999 TOKO, Inc.
TK73200
CP
CN
VIN
RIPK
CONT
CL
COLLECTOR
BASE
EMITTER
RP
CIN
VOUT
TK73200
EXTERNAL
TRANSISTOR
R1
R2
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
T
A
= 25
C, external transistor is 2SB1115(NEC), unless otherwise specified.
TEST CIRCUIT
V
OUT
(
5
0
m
V/
DIV)
LINE REGULATION 1
VIN (V)
0 10 20
V
OUT
(10
m
V/
DIV)
LINE REGULATION 2
VIN (V)
0 10 20
V
OUT
(
5 m
V/
DIV)
LOAD REGULATION
IOUT (mA)
0 500 1000
VOUT TYPICAL
I Q
(
m
A)
3
5
QUIESCENT CURRENT
VS.
INPUT VOLTAGE
VIN (V)
1
0 10 20
4
2
0
VOUT = 3.0 V
VOUT = 5.0 V
V
DROP
(
m
V)
-200
0
DROPOUT VOLTAGE
VS.
OUTPUT CURRENT AND
EXTERNAL TRANSISTORS
IOUT (mA)
-400
0 500 1000
-100
-300
2SB799
2SB1115
2SB1114
2SB1302
I GND
(
m
A)
3
5
GROUND CURRENT
VS.
OUTPUT CURRENT
IOUT (mA)
1
0 500 1000
4
2
0
Note:Transistor: 2SB1115
C
N
= 0.1
F
C
P
= 0.1
F
C
IN
= 1
F
C
L
= 4.7
F
R
P
= 330 k
Continuous Current Limit Mode:
I
SET
(mA) = 100 mV / R
IPK
(
)
Pulse Current Limit Mode:
I
SET
(mA) = 90 mV / R
IPK
(
)
VOUT
V
OUT
= 1.25 ( 1 + R
2
/ R
1
)
20 k
R
1
68 k
2.0 V
V
OUT
12 V
June 1999 TOKO, Inc.
Page 5
TK73200
V
(
m
V)
100
CURRENT LIMIT DETECTOR VOLTAGE
VS.
INPUT VOLTAGE
VIN (V)
50
0 5 10 15
CONTINUOUS CURRENT
LIMIT MODE
PULSE CURRENT
LIMIT MODE
I B
(
m
A)
100
BASE CURRENT DRIVE
VS.
INPUT VOLTAGE
VIN (V)
50
0 5 10 15
I REV
(A)
1E-6
REVERSE BIAS CURRENT
(VIN = 0 TO 6 V)
VREV (V)
1E-12
0 5 10
1E-9
VIN = 0 V
VIN = 6 V
VIN = 4 V
VIN = 2 V
I Q
(A)
1E-6
QUIESCENT CURRENT
VS.
INPUT VOLTAGE (OFF MODE)
VIN (V)
1E-12
0 10 20
1E-9
RIPPLE REJECTION
0.01 0.1 1 10 100
f (kHz)
-80
RR (dB)
-20
-60
-40
0
-100
CN = 0.01 F
CN = 0.1 F
CN = NONE
I CONT
(
A)
50
CONTROL CURRENT
VS.
TEMPERATURE
TA (
C)
-50 0 50 100
20
40
30
10
0
VCONT = 5 V
VCONT = 2 V
V
OUT
(mV)
50
OUTPUT VOLTAGE VARIATION
VS.
TEMPERATURE
TA (
C)
-50 0 50 100
-10
30
10
-30
-50
VOUT TYPICAL
73200
CL
4.7 F
VOUT
VIN
RCONT
VCONT
CN
RIPPLE REJECTION CIRCUIT
V
CONT
(V)
2.0
CONTROL VOLTAGE (OUTPUT ON
POINT)
VS.
TEMPERATURE
TA (
C)
-50 0 50 100
1.0
RCONT = 0
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
T
A
= 25
C, external transistor is 2SB1115(NEC), unless otherwise specified.
Page 6
June 1999 TOKO, Inc.
TK73200
V
CONT
(V)
50
CONTROL PIN VOLTAGE
VS
.
CONTROL CURRENT
ICONT (A)
-50 0 50 100
20
40
30
10
0
RCONT = 0 k
RCONT = 200 k
VOUT
RCONT = 100 k
V
OUT
ON/OFF STEP RESPONSE
TIME (s)
0 10 20 30
CL = 4.7 F
CN = NONE
IOUT = 30 mA
ON/OFF CONTROL
V
OUT
(200
m
V/
DIV)
LOAD CURRENT STEP RESPONSE
TIME (s)
0 5 10 15 20
IOUT = 0 TO 300 mA
CL = 4.7 F
CL = 10 F
CL = 47 OR 100 F
CL = 22 F
V
OUT
(20
m
V/
DIV)
LINE VOLTAGE STEP RESPONSE
TIME (s)
C
N = 0.1 F
IOUT = 50 mA
C
N = NONE
VOUT + 2 V
VOUT + 1 V
V
OUT
V
IN
RISE TIME (
s
)
ON/OFF TRANSIENT
CN (F)
100
5000
10
0.001 0.01 0.1 10
1000
CL = 100 F
CL = 4.7 F OR 10 F
CL = 22 F
CL = 4.7 F
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
T
A
= 25
C, external transistor is 2SB1115(NEC), unless otherwise specified.
June 1999 TOKO, Inc.
Page 7
TK73200
DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V
OUT
)
The output voltage is specified with V
IN
= (V
OUT(TYP)
+ 1 V)
and I
OUT
= 30 mA.
DROPOUT VOLTAGE (V
DROP
)
The dropout voltage is the difference between the input
voltage and the output voltage at which point the regulator
starts to fall out of regulation. Below this value, the output
voltage will fall as the input voltage is reduced. It is
dependent upon the load current, the external transistor
and the junction temperature.
BASE CONTROL CURRENT (I
BASE
)
The base control current is the drive current for the base of
the external transistor.
OUTPUT CURRENT (I
OUT
)
The output current depends on the characteristics of the
external transistor and current limit setting.
LINE REGULATION (Line Reg)
Line regulation is the ability of the regulator to maintain a
constant output voltage as the input voltage changes. The
line regulation is specified as the input voltage is changed
from V
IN
= V
OUT(TYP)
+ 1 V to V
IN
= V
OUT(TYP)
+ 6 V.
LOAD REGULATION (Load Reg)
Load regulation is the ability of the regulator to maintain a
constant output voltage as the load current changes. It is
a pulsed measurement to minimize temperature effects.
Load regulation depends on the external transistor.
QUIESCENT CURRENT (I
Q
)
The quiescent current is the current which flows through
the ground terminal under no load conditions (I
OUT
= 0 mA)
and excludes the control pin current.
GROUND CURRENT (I
GND
)
Ground current is the current which flows through the
ground pin(s). It is defined as I
IN
- I
OUT
, excluding control
current.
RIPPLE REJECTION RATIO (RR)
Ripple rejection is the ability of the regulator to attenuate
the ripple content of the input voltage at the output. It is
specified with 100 mVrms, 400 Hz superimposed on the
input voltage, where V
IN
= V
OUT(TYP)
+ 1.5 V. The output
decoupling capacitor is set to 10
F, the noise bypass
capacitor is set to 0.1
F, and the load current is set to
30 mA. Ripple rejection is the ratio of the ripple content of
the output vs. the input and is expressed in dB.
STANDBY CURRENT (I
STBY
)
Standby current is the current which flows into the regulator
when the output is turned off by the control function
(V
CONT
= 0 V). It is measured with V
IN
= 8 V.
SENSOR CIRCUITS
Overcurrent Sensor
The overcurrent sensor protects the device if the output is
shorted to ground.
Thermal Sensor
The thermal sensor protects the device if the junction
temperature exceeds the safe value (T
j
= 150
C). This
temperature rise can be caused by extreme heat, excessive
power dissipation caused by large output voltage drops, or
excessive output current. The regulator will shut off when
the temperature exceeds the safe value. As the junction
temperature decreases, the regulator will begin to operate
again. Under sustained fault conditions, the regulator
output will oscillate as the device turns off then resets.
Damage may occur to the device under extreme fault
conditions.
Reverse Voltage Protection
Reverse voltage protection prevents damage due to the
output voltage being higher than the input voltage. This
fault condition can occur when the output capacitor remains
charged and the input is reduced to zero, or when an
external voltage higher than the input voltage is applied to
the output side.
Page 8
June 1999 TOKO, Inc.
TK73200
0 50 100 150
TA (
C)
P
D
(mW)
0
450
750
150
300
600
MOUNTED AS
SHOWN
FREE AIR
The range of usable currents can also be found from the
graph below.
Procedure:
1) Find P
D
2) P
D1
is taken to be P
D
x (
Note: It is not necessary to connect
a ceramic capacitor in parallel with an aluminum or tantalum output
capacitor.
(~0.8 - 0.9)
3) Plot P
D1
against 25
C
4) Connect P
D1
to the point corresponding to the 150
C
with a straight line.
5) In design, take a vertical line from the maximum
operating temperature (e.g., 75
C) to the derating
curve.
6) Read off the value of P
D
against the point at which the
vertical line intersects the derating curve. This is taken
as the maximum power dissipation, D
PD
.
The maximum operating current is:
I
OUT
= (D
PD
/ (V
IN(MAX)
-
V
OUT
)
SOT23L-8 POWER DISSIPATION CURVE
PACKAGE POWER DISSIPATION (P
D
)
This is the power dissipation level at which the thermal
sensor is activated. The IC contains an internal thermal
sensor which monitors the junction temperature. When the
junction temperature exceeds the monitor threshold of
150
C, the IC is shut down. The junction temperature
rises as the difference between the input power (V
IN
x I
IN
)
and the output power (V
OUT
x I
OUT
) increases. The rate of
temperature rise is greatly affected by the mounting pad
configuration on the PCB, the board material, and the
ambient temperature. When the IC mounting has good
thermal conductivity, the junction temperature will be low
even if the power dissipation is great. When mounted on
the recommended mounting pad, the power dissipation of
the SOT23L-8 is increased to 600 mW. For operation at
ambient temperatures over 25
C, the power dissipation of
the SOT23L-8 device should be derated at 4.8 mW/
C. To
determine the power dissipation for shutdown when
mounted, attach the device on the actual PCB and
deliberately increase the output current (or raise the input
voltage) until the thermal protection circuit is activated.
Calculate the power dissipation of the device by subtracting
the output power from the input power. These
measurements should allow for the ambient temperature
of the PCB. The value obtained from P
D
/(150
C - T
A
) is the
derating factor. The PCB mounting pad should provide
maximum thermal conductivity in order to maintain low
device temperatures. As a general rule, the lower the
temperature, the better the reliability of the device. The
thermal resistance when mounted is expressed as follows:
T
j
= 0
jA
x P
D
+ T
A
For Toko ICs, the internal limit for junction temperature is
150
C. If the ambient temperature (T
A
) is 25
C, then:
150
C = 0
jA
x P
D
+ 25
C
0
jA
= 125
C / P
D
P
D
is the value when the thermal sensor is activated. A
simple way to determine P
D
is to calculate V
IN
x I
IN
when
the output side is shorted. Input current gradually falls as
temperature rises. You should use the value when thermal
equilibrium is reached.
DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS (CONT.)
PD
DPD
25
50
75
150
(mW)
TA (
C)
3
6
5
4
June 1999 TOKO, Inc.
Page 9
TK73200
EVALUATION BOARD
SOT23L-8 BOARD LAYOUT
PULSE CURRENT LIMIT MODE
The equation for the pulse output current limit is as follows:
I
SET
(mA) = 90 (mV) / R
IPK
(
)
During the initial turn-on, charge (surge) current flows to
the output capacitor. This IC has a possibility for the
current limit to operate and to turn off the output by the
charge current of the output capacitor. Therefore, the
relationship between C
L
and C
P
is set as shown in the
graph below:
CP
CN
VIN
COLLECTOR
BASE
EMITTER
RP
330 k
VOUT
VCONT
CL
RIPK
CIN
GND
EXTERNAL
TRANSISTOR
TK73200
R1
R2
VOUT
IOUT
APPLICATION INFORMATION
INPUT-OUTPUT CAPACITORS
The output capacitor is necessary for stable operation.
The regulator may oscillate if the output capacitor is too
small or missing. The output capacitor size is determined
by load, transient response and external transistor used.
Evaluation in the circuit is recommended to ensure
performance requirements are satisfied. A minimum of 4.7
F is necessary for stability, with twice that value
recommended. The minimum recommended input
capacitor is 1
F. Problems do not occur with larger values
of capacitance. However, extremely low ESR may result
in unstable operation. Thus, the use of large value ceramic
capacitors is not recommended on the output.
AP008-99
TOKO
V
OUT
GND
V
IN
CON
CL
TK73200
1
External
Transistor
1
4.7
F
R1
R2
RIPK
CIN
1
F
CP
0.1
F
CN
330k
0.1
F
RP
C
L
(F)
CP (F)
100
1000
10
10
0.1
0.01
STABLE REGION
1
1
AP008-99
TOKO
V
OUT
GND
V
IN
CON
Page 10
June 1999 TOKO, Inc.
TK73200
The high output voltage accuracy and low dropout voltage
are maintained when the IC is turned ON/OFF by using the
control pin as illustrated above.
ON/OFF
CONTROL
VOUT
VOLTAGE
REGULATOR
VDROP
TK73200
VOUT
VIN
VCONT
PRO
R
2
R
1
CONTINUOUS CURRENT LIMIT MODE
In the continuous current limit mode, the C
PULSE
pin (pin 3)
is directly connected to ground. The output current limit is
set by R
IPK
according to the following equation:
I
SET
(mA) = 100 (mV) / R
IPK
(
)
If the continuous current limit mode is also used for output
short circuit protection, the I
SET
value is set 50% to 100%
more than the maximum operating current. The current
transistor is selected from the I
SET
value. The output
voltage drops when the output current exceeds the I
SET
value. However, the output voltage returns to normal once
the output current decreases below the I
SET
value.
APPLICATION INFORMATION (CONT.)
High-side switching should not be implemented by an
external transistor as shown above. This results in addi-
tional voltage drop and loss of accuracy.
CN
VIN
COLLECTOR
BASE
EMITTER
VOUT
VCONT
CL
CIN
CONT
RIPK
GND
EXTERNAL
TRANSISTOR
TK73200
R1
R2
HIGH-SIDE SWITCHING
June 1999 TOKO, Inc.
Page 11
TK73200
VOLTAGE BACKUP OPERATION (HOLDUP TIME)
C
L
becomes the backup power supply when the
microprocessor is reset with the voltage detector IC
simultaneously with turning OFF the TK73200. C
L
provides
the holdup time necessary to do an orderly shutdown of the
microprocessor.
EXTERNAL PNP POWER TRANSISTOR
This IC can use any kind of external transistor. The external transistor selection is a function of the load current, H
fe
and
power dissipation. See following chart:
LOAD CURRENT
RECOMMENDED EXTERNAL TRANSISTOR
RECOMMENDED R
IPK
(
)
0 ~ 180 mA
2SB624, 2SB1115, 2SB799 (NEC), 2SB970 (Matsushita)
0.33 ~ 0.39
0 ~ 300 mA
2SB1115, 2SB799 (NEC)
0.22 ~ 0.27
0 ~ 500 mA
2SB1114, 2SB1115 (NEC), 2SB1302 (Sanyo), 2SA1203,
2SA1213, 2SA1734 (Toshiba)
0.12 ~ 0.15
0 ~ 1 A
2SA1242, 2SA1736 (Toshiba), 2SB1302, 2SA1896 (Sanyo)
0.056 ~ 0.068
0 ~ 2 A
2SA1451, 2SA1242 (Toshiba)
0.033 ~ 0.039
0 ~ 3 A
2SA1451 (Toshiba), 2SA1645 (NEC)
0.022 ~ 0.027
0 ~ 4 A
2SA1451 (Toshiba), 2SB904 (Sanyo), 2SA1645 (NEC)
0.012 ~ 0.015
APPLICATION INFORMATION (CONT.)
73200
VOUT
VIN
VCONT OFF
VOLTAGE
DETECTOR
IC
PRO
RESET
CL
R
2
R
1
PARALLEL ON/OFF CONTROL OPERATION
The figure above illustrates multiple regulators being
controlled by a single ON/OFF control signal. The series
resistor R is put in the input line of the low output voltage
regulator in order to prevent overdissipation. The voltage
dropped across the resistor reduces the large input-to-
output voltage across the regulator, reducing the power
dissipation in the device.
2 V
100 mA
TK73200
5 V
5 A
VIN
ON/OFF
CONTROL
3 V
100 mA
TK11230B
TK11220B
R
R
2
R
1
Page 12
June 1999 TOKO, Inc.
TK73200
Marking Information
TK73200
C00
0.8
0.8
3.3
0.4
2.2
(0.3)
1.2
0.15
0.3
1.0
3.0
e
1
Recommended Mount Pad
5
1
0 - 0.1
15 max
e
4
e
8
0.1
l
0.1
0.45
1.4max
(3.4)
3.5
marking
Voltage Code
Product Code
Dimensions are shown in millimeters
Tolerance: x.x =
0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified)
+0.3
- 0.1
+0.15
- 0.15
+ 0.3
SOT23L-8
PACKAGE OUTLINE
Printed in the USA
1999 Toko, Inc.
All Rights Reserved
TOKO AMERICA REGIONAL OFFICES
Toko America, Inc. Headquarters
1250 Feehanville Drive, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056
Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864
IC-xxx-TK732xx
0798O0.0K
Visit our Internet site at http://www.tokoam.com
The information furnished by TOKO, Inc. is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, TOKO reserves the right to make changes or improvements in the design, specification or manufacture of its
products without further notice. TOKO does not assume any liability arising from the application or use of any product or circuit described herein, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of
third parties which may result from the use of its products. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of TOKO, Inc.
Western Regional Office
Toko America, Inc.
2480 North First Street , Suite 260
San Jose, CA 95131
Tel: (408) 432-8281
Fax: (408) 943-9790
Midwest Regional Office
Toko America, Inc.
1250 Feehanville Drive
Mount Prospect, IL 60056
Tel: (847) 297-0070
Fax: (847) 699-7864
Eastern Regional Office
Toko America, Inc.
107 Mill Plain Road
Danbury, CT 06811
Tel: (203) 748-6871
Fax: (203) 797-1223
Semiconductor Technical Support
Toko Design Center
4755 Forge Road
Colorado Springs, CO 80907
Tel: (719) 528-2200
Fax: (719) 528-2375
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