TB6548F
2001-08-28
1
TOSHIBA CMOS Integrated Circuit Silicon Monolithic
T B 6 5 4 8 F
3-Phase Full-Wave PWM Sensorless Controller for Brushless DC Motors
TB6548F is a 3-phase full-wave sensorless controller for
brushless DC motors. It is capable of controlling voltage by PWM
signal input. It is capable of PWM type sensorless driving when
used conjunction with TA84005F
Features
3-phase full-wave sensorless drive
PWM control (PWM signal is supplied from external sources.)
Turn-on signal output current: 20 mA
Built-in protection against overcurrent
Forward/reverse modes
Built-in lead angle control function (0, 7.5, 15 and 30 degrees)
Built-in lap turn-on function
Weight: 0.32 g (typ.)
TB6548F
2001-08-28
2
Block Diagram
Pin Assignment
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
17
16
15
14
13
8
9
10
11
12
LA0
LA1
PWM
CW_CCW
NC
FG_OUT
NC
SEL_LAP
NC
X
T
X
Tin
GND
WAVE
OC
OUT_WN
OUT_WP
NC
OUT_VN
NC
OUT_VP
NC
OUT_UN
OUT_UP
V
DD
12
11
10
2
1
4
8
3
14
17
PWM Control
Rotation
Instruction
Circuit
Lead Angle
Setting Circuit
Clock
Generator
Circuit
Timing
Control
Turn-on Signal
Forming Circuit
Overcurrent
Protection
Circuit
Position
Detection
Circuit
PWM
SEL_LAP
CW_CCW
LA0
LA1
OUT_UP
OUT_VP
OUT_WP
OUT_UN
OUT_VN
OUT_WN
OC
WAVE
21
15
19
22
23
24
13
GND
X
Tin
X
T
V
DD
6
FG_OUT
TB6548F
2001-08-28
3
Pin Description
Pin No.
Symbol
I/O
Description
1 LA0
I
2 LA1
I
Lead angle setting signal input pin
LA0 = Low, LA1 = Low: Lead angle 0 degree
LA0 = High, LA1 = Low: Lead angle 7.5 degree
LA0 = Low, LA1 = High: Lead angle 15 degree
LA0 = High, LA1 = High: Lead angle 30 degree
Built-in pull-down resistor
3 PWM
I
PWM signal input pin
Inputs Low-active PWM signal
Built-in pull-up resistor
Disables input of duty-100% (Low) signal
High for 250 ns or longer is required.
4 CW_CCW
I
Rotation direction signal input pin
High: Reverse (U W V)
Low, Open: Forward (U V W)
Built-in pull-down resistor
5 NC
Not
connected
6 FG_OUT
O
Number of ratation detection signal output pin
Equiralent to U-phase signal (except PWM)
7 NC
Not
connected
8 SEL_LAP
I
Lap turn-on select pin
Low: Lap turn-on
High: 120 degrees turn-on
Built-in pull-up resistor
9 NC
Not
connected
10 X
T
11 X
Tin
Resonator connecting pin
Selects starting commutation frequency.
Starting commutation frequency f
st
= Resonator frequency f
xt
/(6
2
17
)
12 GND
Connected
to
GND.
13 V
DD
Connected to 5-V power supply.
14 OUT_UP
O
U-phase upper turn-on signal output pin
U-phase winding wire positive ON/OFF switching pin
ON: Low, OFF: High
15 OUT_UN
O
U-phase lower turn-on signal output pin
U-phase winding wire negative ON/OFF switching pin
ON: High, OFF: Low
16 NC
Not
connected
17 OUT_VP
O
V-phase upper turn-on signal output pin
V-phase winding wire positive ON/OFF switching pin
ON: Low, OFF: High
18 NC
Not
connected
19 OUT_VN
O
V-phase lower turn-on signal output pin
V-phase winding wire negative ON/OFF switching pin
ON: High, OFF: Low
20 NC
Not
connected
TB6548F
2001-08-28
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Pin No.
Symbol
I/O
Description
21 OUT_WP
O
W-phase upper turn-on signal output pin
W-phase winding wire positive ON/OFF switching
pin
ON: Low, OFF: High
22 OUT_WN
O
W-phase lower turn-on signal output pin
W-phase winding wire negative ON/OFF switching pin
ON: High, OFF: Low
23 OC I
Overcurrent signal input pin
High on this pin can put constraints on the turn-on signal which is performing PWM
control.
Built-in pull-up resistor
24 WAVE I
Positional signal input pin
Inputs majority logic synthesis signal of three-phase pin voltage.
Built-in pull-up resistor
Functional Description
1. Sensorless
Drive
On receipt of PWM signal start instruction turn-in signal for forcible commutation (commutation
irrespective of the motor's rotor position) is output and the motor starts to rotate. The motor's rotation
causes induced voltage on winding wire pin for each phase.
When signals indicating positive or negative for pin voltage (including induced voltage) for each phase
are input on respective positional signal input pin, the turn-on signal for forcible commutation is
automatically switched to turn-on signal for positional signal (induced voltage).
Thereafter turn-on signal is formed according to the induced voltage contained in the pin voltage so as to
drive the brushless DC motor.
2. Starting
commutation
frequency
(resonator pin and counter bit select pin)
The forcible commutation frequency at the time of start is determined by the resonator's frequency and
the number of counter bit (within the IC).
Starting commutation frequency f
st
= Resonator frequency f
xt
/(6 2
(bit + 3)
) bit
= 14
The forcible commutation frequency at the time of start can be adjusted using inertia of the motor and
load.
The forcible commutation frequency should be set higher as the number of magnetic poles increases.
The forcible commutation frequency should be set lower as the inertia of the load increases.
3. PWM
Control
PWM signal can be reflected in turn-on signal by supplying PWM signal from external sources.
The frequency of the PWM signal shoud be set adequately high with regard to the electrical frequency of
the motor and in accordance to the switching characteristics of the drive circuit.
Because positional detection is performed in synchronization with the falling edges of PWM signal,
positional detection cannot be performed with 0% duty or 100% duty.
The voltage applied to the motor is duty 100% because of the storage time of the drive circuit even if the
duty is 99%.
Duty (max)
Duty (min)
250 ns
250 ns
TB6548F
2001-08-28
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4. PWM
Control
Upper turn-on
signal (OUT-P)
Lower turn-on
signal (OUT-N)
Output
voltage
of TA84005F
TB6548F
2001-08-28
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5. Positional
Variation
Since positional detection is performed in synchronization with PWM signal, positional variation occurs
in connection with the frequency of PWM signal. Be especially careful when the IC is used for high-speed
motors.
Variation is calculated by detecting at two consecutive rising edges of PWM signal.
1/f
p
< Detection time variation < 2/f
p
f
p
: PWM frequency
PWM signal
Output voltage
of TA84005F
Pin voltage
Positional signal
Ideal detection timing
Actual detection timing
Reference voltage
TB6548F
2001-08-28
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6. Lead
Angle
Control
The lead angle is 0 degree during the starting forcible commutation and when normal commutation is
started, automatically changes to the lead angle which has been set using LA0 and LA1. However, if both
LA0 and LA1 are set for High, the lead angle is 30 degrees in the starting forcible commutation as well as
in normal commutation.
7. Lap Turn-on Control
When SEL_LAP = High, the turn-on degree is 120 degrees. When SEL_LAP = Low, Lap Turn-on Mode
starts.
In Lap Turn-on Mode, the time between zero-cross point and the 120 degrees turn-on timing becomes
longer (shaded area in the below chart) so as to create some overlap when switching turn on signals. The
lap time differs depending ong the lead angle setting.
(3) Lead angle: 15 degree
OUT_WN
OUT_VN
OUT_WP
Induced voltage
Turn-on signal
(1) Lead angle: 0 degree
OUT_UP
OUT_UN
OUT_VP
OUT_VN
OUT_WP
OUT_WN
(2) Lead angle: 7.5 degrees
OUT_UP
OUT_UN
OUT_VP
OUT_UP
OUT_UN
OUT_VP
OUT_VN
OUT_WP
OUT_WN
(4) Lead angle: 30 degree
OUT_UP
OUT_UN
OUT_VP
OUT_VN
OUT_WP
OUT_WN
U V W
30 degrees
22.5 degrees
15 degrees
PWM control
PWM control
PWM control
PWM control
PWM control
PWM control
PWM control
PWM control
PWM control
PWM control
PWM control
(3) Lead angle: 15 degree
OUT_WN
OUT_VN
OUT_WP
Induced voltage
Turn-on signal
(1) Lead angle: 0 degree
OUT_UP
OUT_UN
OUT_VP
OUT_VN
OUT_WP
OUT_WN
(2) Lead angle: 7.5 degrees
OUT_UP
OUT_UN
OUT_VP
OUT_UP
OUT_UN
OUT_VP
OUT_VN
OUT_WP
OUT_WN
(4) Lead angle: 30 degree
OUT_UP
OUT_UN
OUT_VP
OUT_VN
OUT_WP
OUT_WN
U V W
PWM control
PWM control
PWM control
PWM control
PWM control
PWM control
PWM control
PWM control
PWM control
PWM control
PWM control
TB6548F
2001-08-28
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8. Start/Stop
Control
Start/Stop is controlled using PWM signal input pin.
A stop is acknowledged when PWM signal duty is 0, and a start is acknowledged when ON-signal of a
frequency 4 times higher than the resonator frequency or even higher is input continuously.
Timing chart
Note: Take sufficient care for noise on PWM signal input pin.
PWM signal
Detection
timing
Start
512 periods at the resonator frequency
First detection
Second detection
Start
PWM signal
Detection
timing
Stop
512 periods at the resonator frequency
First detection
Second detection
and stop
TB6548F
2001-08-28
9
Maximum Ratings
(Ta
=
=
=
= 25C)
Characteristics Symbol
Rating
Unit
Power supply voltage
V
DD
5.5 V
Input voltage
V
in
-0.3 to V
DD
+ 0.3
V
Turn-on signal output current
I
OUT
20 mA
Power dissipation
P
D
590
mW
Operating temperature
T
opr
-30 to 85
C
Storage temperature
T
stg
-55 to 150
C
Recommended Operating Conditions
(Ta
=
=
=
= ----30 to 85C)
Characteristics
Symbol Test
Condition
Min
Typ.
Max
Unit
Power supply voltage
V
DD
4.5 5.0 5.5 V
Input voltage
V
in
-0.3
V
DD
+ 0.3
V
PWM frequency
f
PWM
16 kHz
Oscillation frequency
f
osc
1.0
10 MHz
TB6548F
2001-08-28
10
Electrical Characteristics
(Ta
=
=
=
= 25C, V
DD
=
=
=
= 5 V)
Characteristics
Symbol
Test
Circuit
Test Condition
Min
Typ.
Max
Unit
Static power supply current
I
DD
PWM
= H, X
Tin
= H
0.1 0.3 mA
Dynamic power supply current
I
DD (opr)
PWM
= 50% Duty, X
Tin
= 4 MHz
1 3 mA
I
IN-1
(H)
V
IN
= 5 V, PWM, OC, WAVE_U,
SEL_LAP
0 1
I
IN-1
(L)
V
IN
= 0 V, PWM, OC, WAVE_U,
SEL_LAP
-75
-50
I
IN-2
(H)
V
IN
= 5 V, CW_CCW, LA0, LA1
50 75
Input current
I
IN-2
(L)
V
IN
= 0 V, CW_CCW, LA0, LA1
-1 0
A
V
IN
(H)
PWM, OC, SEL_LAP, CW_CCW
WAVE_U, LA0, LA1
3.5
5
Input voltage
V
IN
(L)
PWM, OC, SEL_LAP, CW_CCW
WAVE_U, LA0, LA1
GND
1.5
V
Input hysteresis voltage
V
H
PWM, OC, SEL_LAP, CW_CCW
WAVE_U, LA0, LA1
0.6 V
V
O-1
(H)
I
OH
= -1 mA
OUT_UP, OUT_VP, OUT_WP
4.3
V
DD
V
O-1
(L)
I
OL
= 20 mA
OUT_UP, OUT_VP, OUT_WP
GND
0.5
V
O-2
(H)
I
OH
= -20 mA
OUT_UN, OUT_VN, OUT_WN
4.0
V
DD
V
O-2
(L)
I
OL
= 1 mA
OUT_UN, OUT_VN, OUT_WN
GND
0.5
V
O-3
(H)
I
OH
= -0.5 mA
FG_OUT
4.0
V
DD
Output voltage
V
O-3
(L)
I
OL
= 0.5 mA
FG_OUT
GND
0.5
V
I
L
(H)
V
DD
= 5.5 V, V
OUT
= 0 V
OUT_UP, OUT_VP, OUT_WP
OUT_UN, OUT_VN, OUT_WN
FG_OUT
0 10
Output leak current
I
L
(L)
V
DD
= 5.5 V, V
OUT
= 5.5 V
OUT_UP, OUT_VP, OUT_WP
OUT_UN, OUT_VN, OUT_WN
FG_OUT
0 10
A
t
pLH
0.5 1
Output delay time
t
pHL
PWM-Output
0.5 1
s
TB6548F
2001-08-28
11
Application Circuit Example
Note 1: Take enough care in designing output V
DD
line and GND line to avoid short circuit between outputs, V
DD
fault or GND fault which may cause the IC to break down.
Note 2: The above application circuit and values mentioned are just an example for reference. Since the values may
vary depending on the motor to be used, appropriate values must be determined through experiments before
using the device.
V
DD
= 5 V
FG_OUT
PWM
OUT_UP
OUT_UN
OUT_VP
OUT_VN
OUT_WP
OUT_WN
OC
V
DD
GND
WAVE
Over current detection
signal
Positional detection signal
PWM signal
FG signal
IN_UP
IN_UN
IN_VP
IN_VN
IN_WP
IN_WN
ISD
COMP
GND
VM
= 20 V
OUT_U
OUT_V
OUT_W
M
RF
VISD1
VISD2
<TB6548F> <TA84005F>
0.
01
F
1
TB6548F
2001-08-28
12
Package Dimensions
Weight: 0.32 g (typ.)
TB6548F
2001-08-28
13
TOSHIBA is continually working to improve the quality and reliability of its products. Nevertheless, semiconductor
devices in general can malfunction or fail due to their inherent electrical sensitivity and vulnerability to physical
stress. It is the responsibility of the buyer, when utilizing TOSHIBA products, to comply with the standards of
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such TOSHIBA products could cause loss of human life, bodily injury or damage to property.
In developing your designs, please ensure that TOSHIBA products are used within specified operating ranges as
set forth in the most recent TOSHIBA products specifications. Also, please keep in mind the precautions and
conditions set forth in the "Handling Guide for Semiconductor Devices," or "TOSHIBA Semiconductor Reliability
Handbook" etc..
The TOSHIBA products listed in this document are intended for usage in general electronics applications
(computer, personal equipment, office equipment, measuring equipment, industrial robotics, domestic appliances,
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extraordinarily high quality and/or reliability or a malfunction or failure of which may cause loss of human life or
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The information contained herein is presented only as a guide for the applications of our products. No
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rights of the third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under
any intellectual property or other rights of TOSHIBA CORPORATION or others.
The information contained herein is subject to change without notice.
000707EBA
RESTRICTIONS ON PRODUCT USE
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